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T h E E C o N o M I C S o F E C o S y S T E M S A N D B I o D I v E R S I T y <strong>TEEB</strong> for National and International Policy Makers Part I: The need for action Ch1 The global biodiversity crisis and related policy challenge Ch2 Framework and guiding principles for the policy response Part II: Measuring what we manage: information tools for decision-makers Ch3 Strengthening indicators and accounting systems for natural capital Ch4 Integrating ecosystem and biodiversity values into policy assessment Part III: Available solutions: instruments for better stewardship of natural capital Ch5 Rewarding benefits through payments and markets Ch6 Reforming subsidies Ch7 Addressing losses through regulation and pricing Ch8 Recognising the value of protected areas Ch9 Investing in ecological infrastructure Part IV: The road ahead Ch10 Responding to the value of nature
Bernd hansjürgens, Christoph Schröter-Schlaack (helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ) Graham Tucker and Alexandra vakrou Samuela Bassi, Patrick ten Brink, Ece ozdemiroglu, Clare Shine, heidi Wittmer Clare Shine for comments and inputs from Jonathan Armstrong, Burkhard Schweppe Kraft, Thomas Kretzschmar, Dorit Lehr, hylton Murray Philipson, Manfred Rosenstock, Jo Treweek and Frank Wätzold and many others. The views expressed in this chapter are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the organisations involved. <strong>TEEB</strong> – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers (2009). www.teebweb.org Patrick ten Brink (IEEP) Bernd hansjuergens (UFZ), Sylvia Kaplan (BMU, Germany), Katia Karousakis (oECD), Marianne Kettunen (IEEP), Markus Lehmann (SCBD), Meriem Bouamrane (UNESCo), helen Mountford (oECD), Alice Ruhweza (Katoomba Group, Uganda), Mark Schauer (UNEP), Christoph Schröter-Schlaack (UFZ), Benjamin Simmons (UNEP), Alexandra vakrou (European Commission), Stefan van der Esch (vRoM, The Netherlands), James vause (Defra, United Kingdom), Madhu verma (IIFM, India), Jean-Louis Weber (EEA), Stephen White (European Commission) and heidi Wittmer (UFZ). Pavan Sukhdev (UNEP) Georgina Langdale (UNEP)
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Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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ThE EcoNoMIcs of EcosysTEMs AND BIo
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THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS AND
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1.2 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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• Enough food could be produced o
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MArINE sysTEMs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERS
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1.2.3 WHAT IS DRIVING THESE LOSSES?
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1.4 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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EfErENcEs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY C
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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10.1 WHY VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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RESPONDING TO THE VALUE OF NATURE B
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10.2.2 BETTER LINKS TO MACRO- ECONO
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10.3 Investing in natural capital s
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as well as the value for money and
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Global National or Regional Local T
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10.4 By taking distributional issue
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has origins and impacts beyond bord
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The ‘Nobel Prize’*-winning econ
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10.5 Biodiversity and ecosystem ser
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Rewarding the provision of services
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Making this a reality will require
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GHK, CE and IEEP - GHK, Cambridge E
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Torras, M. (2000) The Total Economi
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ThE ECoNoMICS of ECoSySTEMS AND BIo
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FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES FO
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2.3 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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2.3.4 BASE POLICIES ON GOOD GOVERNA
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2.4 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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REfERENCES FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PR
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND ACCOUN
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3.1 STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND AC
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Endnotes STRENGTHENING INDICATORS A
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Chapter 4: Integrating ecosystem an
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INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERS
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4.1 INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODI
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Endnotes INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND
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Economic valuation methods INTEGRAT
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ANNEx 2: sTAGEs of A PoLIcy AssEssM
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Chapter 5: Rewarding benefits throu
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REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
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5.1 REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYM
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REGULATORY BASELINES AND ADDITIONAL
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could have adverse consequences for
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• some contained an element of te
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• ancillary provisions e.g. possi
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5.4.2 GREENING INTERGOVERNMEN- TAL
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financial flows involved. Building
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considerable patience as such optio
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CERTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FISHER
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While certification systems can sig
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Page 249 and 250: REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
Page 251 and 252: Endnotes REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH
Page 253 and 254: 44 http://www.mekongtourism.org/sit
Page 261 and 262: Chapter 6: Reforming Subsidies Chap
Page 263 and 264: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Key Messages of
Page 265 and 266: 6 Chapter 6 addresses the need for
Page 267 and 268: 6.1.2 HOW BIG ARE EXISTING SUBSIDIE
Page 269 and 270: 6.2 6.2.1 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
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Page 273 and 274: 6.3 6.3.1 AGRICULTURE Subsidies to
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Page 277 and 278: Second, it has to be borne in mind
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Page 281 and 282: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Box 6.9: Removi
Page 283 and 284: In the agriculture sector, the pric
Page 285 and 286: Some consumer energy subsidies may
Page 287 and 288: 6.4 “People who love soft methods
Page 289 and 290: 6.4.2 RESISTANCE TO CHANGE Subsidie
Page 291 and 292: The multiple policy objectives ofte
Page 293 and 294: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Social impacts
Page 295 and 296: The G-20 Heads of State have recent
Page 297 and 298: REFERENCES Agnew, D.J.; Pearce, J.;
Page 299: OECD - Organisation for Economic Co
Page 303 and 304: Key Messages of Chapter 7 Rewarding
Page 305 and 306: 7.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES FoR hALTING oN
Page 307 and 308: 7.2 REGULATING To AvoID DAMAGE: ENv
Page 309 and 310: y reducing the release of pollutant
Page 311 and 312: y reducing uncertainties with respe
Page 313 and 314: This equivalence can involve the sa
Page 315 and 316: PoTENTIAL BENEFITS oF oFFSETS AND B
Page 317 and 318: A biodiversity offset should be des
Page 319 and 320: 7.4 SETTING MoRE ACCURATE PRICES: M
Page 321 and 322: Market-based instruments can be des
Page 323 and 324: China’s first water use rights sy
Page 325 and 326: PoTENTIAL CoST SAvINGS ThRoUGh MBIS
Page 327 and 328: Despite the potential described abo
Page 329 and 330: Non-market valuation studies can he
Page 331 and 332: PoLLUTIoN AND oThER DAMAGING ACTIvI
Page 333 and 334: The 1973 CITES treaty (Convention o
Page 335 and 336: 7.6 MAKING IT hAPPEN - PoLICy MIxES
Page 337 and 338: has shown the critical need to stre
Page 339 and 340: Gutman, P. and Davidson, S. (2007)
Page 341: Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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· ·· · · · · · · · · ·
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T H E E C O N O M I C S O F E C O S
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