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GSI – Global Subsidies Initiative (2009b) Energy page of the website of the Global Subsidies Initiative, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). URL: www.globalsubsidies.org/ (last access 26 Oct 2009). Hannesson, R. (2001) Effects of Liberalizing Trade in Fish, Fishing Services and Investment in Fishing Vessels. OECD Papers Offprint No. 8. OECD, Paris. ICTSD – International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development (2006) Fisheries Access Agreements. Trade and Development Issues. ICTSD, Geneva. IEA – International Energy Agency (2008) World Energy Outlook 2008. OECD Publications, Paris. IEEP et al. (2007) Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies. A report to the European Commission’s DG Environment. Institute for European Environmental Policy, Ecologic, FEEM, and IVIEA. URL: http://www.ieep.eu/publications/pdfs/2007/report_on_ ehs_ 23_03_07.pdf (last access 26 Oct 2009). IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute (2009) Land Grabbing by Foreign Investors in Developing Countries: Risks and Opportunities, IFPRI Policy Brief 13, April 2009. IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) AR4 Synthesis Report, Summary for Policy makers. IPPC Fourth Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, New York. Juncosa B. (2008) Suffocating seas, Climate change may be sparking new and bigger "dead zones". Sci Am 299(4): 20-22. Kettunen, M.; Terry, A.; Tucker, G. and Jones, A. (2007) Guidance on the maintenance of landscape connectivity features of major importance for wild flora and fauna. Institute for European Environmental Policy, Brussels. Kirkinen, J.; Kari, M.; Penttiläb, T.; Soili, K.; Risto, S; Jukka, A.; Sanna, S.; Niko, S.; Jukka, L.; and Ilkka, S. (2007) Greenhouse impact due to different peat utilisation chains in Finland — a life-cycle approach. Boreal Environment Research 12: 221-223. Komives, K.; Foster, V.; Halpern, J. and Wodon, Q. (2005) Water, Electricity, and the Poor: Who Benefits from Utility Subsidies? World Bank, Washington, D.C. Kloezen, W.H. (2002) Accounting for water. Institutional viability and impacts of market-oriented irrigation interventions in Central Mexico. University of Wageningen, The Netherlands. Koh, L.P. (2007) Potential habitat and biodiversity losses from intensified biodiesel feedstock production. Conservation Biology 21: 1373-1375. Larson, B. and Shah, A. (1992) World energy subsidies and global carbon dioxide emissions. World Development Report 1992 (Background Paper No. 25). World Bank, Washington, D.C. McAllister, D.; Craig, J.F. Davidson, N.; Delany, S. and Seddon, M. (2001) Biodiversity impacts of large dams. IUCN/UNEP/WCD. REFORMING SUBSIDIES Munro, G.S. and Sumaila, U.S. (2002) The impact of subsidies upon fisheries management and sustainability: The case of the North Atlantic. Fish and Fisheries 3: 233-290. Myers, N. and Kent, J. (1998) Perverse Subsidies - Tax Dollars Undercutting our Economies and Environments Alike. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Myers, N. and Kent, J. (2002) Perverse Subsidies: how tax dollars can undercut the environment and the economy. Island Press, Washington, D.C. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1998), Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries (Volumes I and II). Paris, OECD Publications. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000) Transition to Responsible Fisheries: Economic and Policy Implications. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000b) Decoupling. A Conceptual Overview. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000c) Domestic and International Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003a) Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003b) Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries. Monitoring and Evaluation. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003c) Farm Household Incomes in OECD Countries. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003d) Perverse Incentives in Biodiversity Loss. Document submitted to the ninth meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) of the Convetion on Biological Diversity. UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/9/INF/34. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005) Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: Challenges for Reform. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006a) Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Economic, environmental and social aspects. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006b) financial support to fisheries: implications for sustainable development. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2007a) Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political economy aspects. OECD, Paris. <strong>TEEB</strong> FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 6: PAGE 37
OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2007b) Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008a) Environmentally Harmful Subsidies in the Transport Sector. Paper ENV/EPOC/WPNEP/T(2007)1/FINAL. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008b) Biofuel Support Policies. An Economic Assessment. OECD, Paris. OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009) Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries. Monitoring and Evaluation. OECD, Paris. Oreade-Breche (2005) Evaluation of Agri-environmental Measures in the European Union. Executive Summary. URL: http://www. cbd.int/doc/case-studies/inc/cs-inc-eur-agrienv-execsumworkshop2009-en.pdf (last access 26 Oct 2009). Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (2007) State of Europe’s Common Birds 2007. CSO/RSPB. Prague, Czech Republic. Pieters, J. (2003) When removing subsidies benefits the environment: Developing a checklist based on the conditionality of subsidies, In OECD (2003). Porter, G. (2001) Fisheries Subsidies and Overfishing: Towards a Structured Discussion. United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva. Rijal, K. (2007) Energy Subsidies in Developing Countries: Can we make it for those whom it is intended? Presentation at the Joint UNEP and UNECE Expert Meeting on Energy Subsidies. 15 November 2007. Geneva, Switzerland. United Nations Development Programme, New York. Scharlemann, J.P.W. and Laurance, W.F. (2008) How green are biofuels? Science 319: 43 - 44. Searchinger, T.; Heimlich, R.; Houghton, R. A.; Dong, F.; Elobeid, A.; Fabiosa, J.; Tokgoz, S.; Hayes, D. and Yu, T. (2008) Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases through Emissions from Land-Use. Science 319: 1238. Steenblik, R. (2007) Biofuels—At What Cost? Government Support for Ethanol and Biodiesel in Selected OECD Countries. Global Subsidies Initiative, International Institute for Sustainable Development (GSI/IISD), Geneva. Stern N. (2006) Stern review: the economics of climate change. HM Treasury, UK. Sumaila, U.R.; Khan, A.; Teh, L.; Watson, R.; Tyedmers, P. and Pauly, D. (2006) Subsidies to high seas bottom trawl fleet and the sustainability of deep sea benthic fish stocks. In Sumaila, U.R., Pauly, D. (eds.), Catching more bait: a bottom-up re-estimation of global fisheries subsidies. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(6): 49-53. Sumaila, U.R.; Khan, A.; Watson, R.; Munro, G.; Zeller, D.; Baron, N. and Pauly, D. (2007) The World Trade Organization and global fisheries sustainability. Fisheries Research 88: 1-4. REFORMING SUBSIDIES Sumaila, U.R. and Pauly, D. (eds.) (2007) Catching More Bait: A Bottom-up Re-estimation of Global Fisheries Subsidies. Fisheries Centre Research Reports vol. 14(6). University of British Columbia, Vancouver. UNEP – United Nations Environmental Programme (2003) Fisheries Subsidies and Marine Resources Management: Lessons Learned from Studies in Argentina and Senegal. UNEP, Geneva. UNEP – United Nations Environmental Programme (2004a) Analyzing the Resource Impact of Fisheries Subsidies: A Matrix Approach. UNEP, Geneva. UNEP – United Nations Environmental Programme (2004b) Energy Subsidies: Lessons Learned in Assessing Their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms. UNEP, Geneva. UNEP/Eurobats – United Nations Environmental Programme (2005) Report of the Intersessional Working Group on wind turbines and bat populations. 10th Meeting of the Advisory Committee; 25–27 Apr 2005; Bratislava, Slovak Republic. UNEP/Eurobats. UNEP – United Nations Environmental Programme (2008a) Fisheries Subsidies: A Critical Issue for Trade and Sustainable Development at the WTO: An Introductory Guide. UNEP, Geneva. UNEP – United Nations Environmental Programme (2008b) Reforming Energy Subsidies - Opportunities to Contribute to the Climate Change Agenda. UNEP, Geneva. UNEP and WWF – United Nations Environmental Programme and World Wildlife Fund (2007) Sustainability Criteria for Fisheries Subsidies: Options for the WTO and beyond. UNEP, Geneva. van Beers, C. and de Moor, A. (2001). Public Subsidies and Policy Failure: How Subsidies Distort the Natural Environment, Equity and Trade and How to Reform Them. Ambio 38(6): 339-341. World Bank (2005) Environmental Fiscal Reform. What Should be Done and How to Achieve It. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, D.C. World Bank and FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization 2008. The sunken billions: The economic justification for fisheries reform. Agriculture and Rural Development Department. The World Bank: Washington DC WRI – World Resoureces Institute (2009) World Hypoxic and Eutrophic Coastal Areas. URL http://www.wri.org/map/worldhypoxic-and-eutrophic-coastal-areas (last access 28 Oct 2009). WTO – World Trade Organization (2000) Environmental Benefits of Removing Trade Restrictions and Distortions: The Fisheries Sector. WT/CTE/W/167. WTO, Geneva. WTO – World Trade Organization (2004) Doha Work Programme - Decision Adopted by the General Council on 1 August 2004. Document WT/L/578. WTO, Geneva. WWF – World Wildlife Fund (1998) The Footprint of Distant Water Fleets on World Fisheries. WWF International, Godalming, Surrey, United Kingdom. <strong>TEEB</strong> FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 6: PAGE 38
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Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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ThE EcoNoMIcs of EcosysTEMs AND BIo
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THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS AND
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1.2 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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• Enough food could be produced o
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MArINE sysTEMs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERS
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1.2.3 WHAT IS DRIVING THESE LOSSES?
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1.4 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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EfErENcEs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY C
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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10.1 WHY VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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RESPONDING TO THE VALUE OF NATURE B
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10.2.2 BETTER LINKS TO MACRO- ECONO
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10.3 Investing in natural capital s
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as well as the value for money and
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Global National or Regional Local T
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10.4 By taking distributional issue
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has origins and impacts beyond bord
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The ‘Nobel Prize’*-winning econ
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10.5 Biodiversity and ecosystem ser
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Rewarding the provision of services
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Making this a reality will require
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GHK, CE and IEEP - GHK, Cambridge E
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Torras, M. (2000) The Total Economi
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ThE ECoNoMICS of ECoSySTEMS AND BIo
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FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES FO
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2.3 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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2.3.4 BASE POLICIES ON GOOD GOVERNA
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2.4 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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REfERENCES FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PR
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND ACCOUN
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3.1 STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND AC
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Endnotes STRENGTHENING INDICATORS A
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Chapter 4: Integrating ecosystem an
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INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERS
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4.1 INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODI
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Endnotes INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND
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Economic valuation methods INTEGRAT
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ANNEx 2: sTAGEs of A PoLIcy AssEssM
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Chapter 5: Rewarding benefits throu
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REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
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5.1 REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYM
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REGULATORY BASELINES AND ADDITIONAL
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could have adverse consequences for
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• some contained an element of te
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• ancillary provisions e.g. possi
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5.4.2 GREENING INTERGOVERNMEN- TAL
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financial flows involved. Building
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considerable patience as such optio
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CERTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FISHER
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While certification systems can sig
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Page 247 and 248: REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
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Page 253 and 254: 44 http://www.mekongtourism.org/sit
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Page 265 and 266: 6 Chapter 6 addresses the need for
Page 267 and 268: 6.1.2 HOW BIG ARE EXISTING SUBSIDIE
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Page 291 and 292: The multiple policy objectives ofte
Page 293 and 294: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Social impacts
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Page 297: REFERENCES Agnew, D.J.; Pearce, J.;
Page 301 and 302: Bernd hansjürgens, Christoph Schr
Page 303 and 304: Key Messages of Chapter 7 Rewarding
Page 305 and 306: 7.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES FoR hALTING oN
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Page 309 and 310: y reducing the release of pollutant
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Page 325 and 326: PoTENTIAL CoST SAvINGS ThRoUGh MBIS
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Page 331 and 332: PoLLUTIoN AND oThER DAMAGING ACTIvI
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Page 335 and 336: 7.6 MAKING IT hAPPEN - PoLICy MIxES
Page 337 and 338: has shown the critical need to stre
Page 339 and 340: Gutman, P. and Davidson, S. (2007)
Page 341: Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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· ·· · · · · · · · · ·
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T H E E C O N O M I C S O F E C O S
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