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T H E E C O N O M I C S O F E C O S Y S T E M S A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y TEEB for National and International Policy Makers Part I: The need for action Ch1 The global biodiversity crisis and related policy challenge Ch2 Framework and guiding principles for the policy response Part II: Measuring what we manage: information tools for decision-makers Ch3 Strengthening indicators and accounting systems for natural capital Ch4 Integrating ecosystem and biodiversity values into policy assessment Part III: Available solutions: instruments for better stewardship of natural capital Ch5 Rewarding benefits through payments and markets Ch6 Reforming subsidies Ch7 Addressing losses through regulation and pricing Ch8 Recognising the value of protected areas Ch9 Investing in ecological infrastructure Part IV: The road ahead Ch10 Responding to the value of nature
Chapter 6: Reforming Subsidies Chapter Coordinator: Markus Lehmann (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity) Lead authors: Markus Lehmann (SCBD) and Patrick ten Brink (IEEP) Contributing authors: Samuela Bassi, David Cooper, Alexander Kenny, Sophie Kuppler, Anja von Moltke and Sirini Withana Editing and language check: Clare Shine Acknowledgements: for comments and input from David Baldock, Koen Van Den Bossche, Tamsin Cooper, Anthony Cox, Marcus Gilleard, Bernd Hansjürgens, Celia Harvey, Markus Knigge, Wilfrid Legg, Indrani Lutchman, Helen Mountford, Jerzy Pienkowsky, Manfred Rosenstock, Alice Ruhweza, Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft, Benjamin Simmons, Claudia Dias Soares, Ronald Steenblik, Rashid Sumaila, Graham Tucker, Carolina Valsecchi, Madhu Verma, Vaclav Vojtech, Stephen White, Peter Wooders, Heidi Wittmer and many others. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this chapter are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the organisations involved. Citation: TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers (2009). URL: www.teebweb.org TEEB for Policy Makers Team TEEB for Policy Makers Coordinator: Patrick ten Brink (IEEP) TEEB for Policy Makers Core Team: Bernd Hansjuergens (UFZ), Sylvia Kaplan (BMU, Germany), Katia Karousakis (OECD), Marianne Kettunen (IEEP), Markus Lehmann (SCBD), Meriem Bouamrane (UNESCO), Helen Mountford (OECD), Alice Ruhweza (Katoomba Group, Uganda), Mark Schauer (UNEP), Christoph Schröter-Schlaack (UFZ), Benjamin Simmons (UNEP), Alexandra Vakrou (European Commission), Stefan van der Esch (VROM, The Netherlands), James Vause (Defra, United Kingdom), Madhu Verma (IIFM, India), Jean-Louis Weber (EEA), Stephen White (European Commission) and Heidi Wittmer (UFZ). TEEB Study Leader: Pavan Sukhdev (UNEP) TEEB communications: Georgina Langdale (UNEP)
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Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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ThE EcoNoMIcs of EcosysTEMs AND BIo
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THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS AND
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1.2 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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• Enough food could be produced o
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MArINE sysTEMs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERS
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1.2.3 WHAT IS DRIVING THESE LOSSES?
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1.4 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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EfErENcEs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY C
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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10.1 WHY VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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RESPONDING TO THE VALUE OF NATURE B
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10.2.2 BETTER LINKS TO MACRO- ECONO
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10.3 Investing in natural capital s
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as well as the value for money and
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Global National or Regional Local T
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10.4 By taking distributional issue
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has origins and impacts beyond bord
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The ‘Nobel Prize’*-winning econ
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10.5 Biodiversity and ecosystem ser
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Rewarding the provision of services
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Making this a reality will require
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GHK, CE and IEEP - GHK, Cambridge E
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Torras, M. (2000) The Total Economi
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ThE ECoNoMICS of ECoSySTEMS AND BIo
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FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES FO
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2.3 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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2.3.4 BASE POLICIES ON GOOD GOVERNA
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2.4 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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REfERENCES FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PR
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND ACCOUN
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3.1 STRENGTHENING INDICATORS AND AC
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Endnotes STRENGTHENING INDICATORS A
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Chapter 4: Integrating ecosystem an
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INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERS
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4.1 INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND BIODI
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Endnotes INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM AND
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Economic valuation methods INTEGRAT
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ANNEx 2: sTAGEs of A PoLIcy AssEssM
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Chapter 5: Rewarding benefits throu
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REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
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5.1 REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYM
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REGULATORY BASELINES AND ADDITIONAL
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Page 263 and 264: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Key Messages of
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Page 291 and 292: The multiple policy objectives ofte
Page 293 and 294: REFORMING SUBSIDIES Social impacts
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Page 297 and 298: REFERENCES Agnew, D.J.; Pearce, J.;
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Page 303 and 304: Key Messages of Chapter 7 Rewarding
Page 305 and 306: 7.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES FoR hALTING oN
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y reducing uncertainties with respe
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This equivalence can involve the sa
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PoTENTIAL BENEFITS oF oFFSETS AND B
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A biodiversity offset should be des
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7.4 SETTING MoRE ACCURATE PRICES: M
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Market-based instruments can be des
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China’s first water use rights sy
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PoTENTIAL CoST SAvINGS ThRoUGh MBIS
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Despite the potential described abo
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Non-market valuation studies can he
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PoLLUTIoN AND oThER DAMAGING ACTIvI
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The 1973 CITES treaty (Convention o
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7.6 MAKING IT hAPPEN - PoLICy MIxES
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has shown the critical need to stre
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Gutman, P. and Davidson, S. (2007)
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· ·· · · · · · · · · ·
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T H E E C O N O M I C S O F E C O S
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