Download (PDF, 6.71MB) - TEEB

REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS AND MARKETS
and enforcement is critical to ensure delivery of the intended
services and their measurement. Payments
must be clearly linked to service provision and may be
withdrawn if resource users abandon management
practices associated with the service. Monitoring data
on the quality and quantity of site services can help improve
the targeting of payments or make other refinements
(see also Chapter 3).
As noted, PES will not work everywhere. It may be difficult
to secure sufficient support for PES in situations
where competing (destructive) resource uses are highly
lucrative. Weak governance, unclear resource tenure
and high transaction costs can also be major barriers.
Box 5.8: Phased performance payments
under PES schemes in Tanzania
On Mafia Island, Tanzania, a two-part payment
scheme was set up to encourage the mainly poor
local population to conserve sea turtles. It consists
of 1) a fixed payment for finding and reporting a nest
and 2) a variable payment that is a function of the
nest’s hatching success. The initial payment provides
immediate recompense for not harvesting nests
(important as poor residents apply high discount
rates to future payments) and also makes the overall
payment scheme less risky for poor residents than if
all payment were solely dependent upon successful
hatchings. The post-hatching variable payment then
provides an incentive not to poach eggs once the
nest has been reported.
There are around 150 turtle nests on the island and
41,000 residents. Participation in the scheme is
agreed directly between volunteers and villagers and
based on oral agreements. About half a dozen individuals
actively searching for nests account for the
majority of payments. The scheme reduced poaching
rates of turtle nests dramatically, from 100% at the
year of its introduction in 2001 to less than 1% in
2004. Moreover, from 2001 to 2004, the number of
hatchlings increased in both absolute terms (from
about 1200 to a little over 10,000) and relative terms
(from 55% to 71% of the eggs remaining at hatching
time).
Source: Ferraro 2007
As with any innovation, a critical step is to secure support
from leaders at various levels who can communicate
the importance of ecosystem services and the
potential of PES to both providers and beneficiaries.
There is also a need for careful analysis and effective
communication of experiences, both positive and negative,
to replicate and scale up successful initiatives.
Copyright: Ianaré Sévi. Licensed under
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
TEEB FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 5: PAGE 21