Download (PDF, 6.71MB) - TEEB

REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS AND MARKETS
be monitored consistently. Participatory resource assessments
and valuation can help ensure that PES schemes
take account of traditional knowledge and practices and
the interests of all stakeholders. Capacity-building and,
where needed, adequate institutional measures are important
to ensure that weaker stakeholders are able to
participate in PES negotiations and share their insights
on ecosystem conservation. In Costa Rica and Mexico,
‘collective contracting’ was introduced to facilitate the
participation of poorer small farmers after it was realised
that they would otherwise be excluded.
PES schemes are not generally designed to reduce poverty
but they can offer new opportunities for the rural
poor to earn additional income (see Box 5.8). Many rural
people earn their living from activities such as forestry
and farming in which income fluctuates by season and
year. PES based on ecosystem restoration or improved
land management could provide a stable source of additional
income and employment in rural areas.
OVERARCHING CONDITIONS FOR
SUCCESS
Effective PES requires – and can help to strengthen –
certain ‘enabling conditions’ such as:
• reliable scientific information (e.g. sources of ecosystem
services, their spatial distribution and beneficiaries);
• economic data (start-up and implementation costs,
including opportunity costs of managing resources
for ecosystem services, non-market values and
incentive effects of alternative PES arrangements);
• identification and participation of key stakeholders.
Successful PES schemes typically demonstrate transparency,
reliability (of payments etc.), appropriate cultural
conditions (e.g. acceptance of differential
payments for environmental stewardship, trust) and
strong commitment by all parties. Effective monitoring
Figure 5.7: Institutional actors involved in PES deals
Source: adapted from Bracer et al. 2007
TEEB FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 5: PAGE 20