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REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS AND MARKETS
Figure 5.6: Strategies for marketing biodiversity joint service provision
• with respect to technical information, it is important
to understand the ecosystem service, who provides
it and how, who benefits (using spatial mapping),
historical and expected future trends in demand
and supply and other contextual factors. Such
information is necessary for appropriate targeting of
payments to those who can actually deliver the
desired service; and
• in terms of governance, trust between beneficiaries
and suppliers (or the potential to build trust) is
essential, along with appropriate legal and institutional
support for monitoring and contract enforcement,
clarity on resource tenure and mechanisms for
redress.
Source: Wunder and Wertz-Kanounnikoff 2009
NEGOTIATION OF PES DEALS
In principle, PES initiatives should be financially selfsustaining
to secure ecosystem services over the long
term. However, where continuous payments by beneficiaries
are not feasible, it may be possible to convert a
one-off payment (e.g. a grant) into long-term flows by
setting up trust funds or to pool payments from different
beneficiaries (see the ‘layering’ strategy in Figure 5.6).
PES have distributional consequences so it is critical to
address issues of ownership, reward and distribution explicitly
to ensure that they do not aggravate existing inequities.
Wide participation in decisions relating to
PES design and implementation can help ensure
transparency and acceptance and avoid the
covert privatisation of common resources. The
distribution of costs and benefits in PES schemes should
TEEB FOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLICY MAKERS - CHAPTER 5: PAGE 19