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Part I: The need for action ch1 The global biodiversity crisis and related policy challenge ch2 framework and guiding principles for the policy response Part II: Measuring what we manage: information tools for decision-makers ch3 strengthening indicators and accounting systems for natural capital Ch4 Integrating ecosystem and biodiversity values into policy assessment Part III: Available solutions: instruments for better stewardship of natural capital ch5 rewarding benefits through payments and markets ch6 reforming subsidies ch7 Addressing losses through regulation and pricing ch8 recognising the value of protected areas ch9 Investing in ecological infrastructure Part IV: The road ahead ch10 responding to the value of nature T h E E c o N o M I c s o f E c o s y s T E M s A N D B I o D I v E r s I T y TEEB for National and International Policy Makers
Chapter 4: Integrating ecosystem and biodiversity values into policy assessment Chapter Coordinating Lead Author: stephen White (European commission) Lead authors: Ben simmons, Patrick ten Brink Contributing author: vera Weick Editing and language check: clare shine Acknowledgements for comments and inputs from samuela Bassi, Deanna Donovan, helen Dunn, sonja Gantioler, clive George, Pablo Gutman, Bernd hansjürgens, Julian harlow, Peter hjerp, Ninan Karachepone, Markus Lehmann, Paul Morling, Alastair Morrison, rosimeiry Portela, Matt rayment, Alice ruhweza, clare shine, James vause, Madhu verma and Jaime Webbe and many others. Disclaimer: „The views expressed in this chapter are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the organisations involved“. Citation: TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers (2009). URL: www.teebweb.org TEEB for Policy Makers Team TEEB for Policy Makers Coordinator: Patrick ten Brink (IEEP) TEEB for Policy Makers Core Team: Bernd hansjuergens (UfZ), sylvia Kaplan (BMU, Germany), Katia Karousakis (oEcD), Marianne Kettunen (IEEP), Markus Lehmann (cBD), Meriem Bouamrane (UNEsco), helen Mountford (oEcD), Alice ruhweza (Katoomba Group, Uganda), Mark schauer (UNEP), christoph schröter-schlaack (UfZ), Benjamin simmons (UNEP), Alexandra vakrou (European commission), stefan van der Esch (vroM, The Netherlands), James vause (Defra, United Kingdom), Madhu verma (IIfM, India), Jean-Louis Weber (EEA), stephen White (European commission) and heidi Wittmer (UfZ). TEEB Study Leader: Pavan sukhdev (UNEP) TEEB communications: Georgina Langdale (UNEP)
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Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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ThE EcoNoMIcs of EcosysTEMs AND BIo
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THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS AND
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1.2 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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• Enough food could be produced o
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MArINE sysTEMs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERS
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1.2.3 WHAT IS DRIVING THESE LOSSES?
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1.4 THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
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EfErENcEs THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY C
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THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIO
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10.1 WHY VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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RESPONDING TO THE VALUE OF NATURE B
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10.2.2 BETTER LINKS TO MACRO- ECONO
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10.3 Investing in natural capital s
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as well as the value for money and
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Global National or Regional Local T
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10.4 By taking distributional issue
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has origins and impacts beyond bord
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The ‘Nobel Prize’*-winning econ
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10.5 Biodiversity and ecosystem ser
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Rewarding the provision of services
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Making this a reality will require
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GHK, CE and IEEP - GHK, Cambridge E
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Torras, M. (2000) The Total Economi
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ThE ECoNoMICS of ECoSySTEMS AND BIo
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FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES FO
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2.3 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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2.3.4 BASE POLICIES ON GOOD GOVERNA
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2.4 FRAMEWORK AND GUIDING PRINCIPLE
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Page 101 and 102: Part I: The need for action Ch1 The
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REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYMENTS
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5.2 REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH PAYM
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could have adverse consequences for
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• some contained an element of te
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• ancillary provisions e.g. possi
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5.4.2 GREENING INTERGOVERNMEN- TAL
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financial flows involved. Building
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considerable patience as such optio
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CERTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FISHER
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While certification systems can sig
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Endnotes REWARDING BENEFITS THROUGH
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44 http://www.mekongtourism.org/sit
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Chapter 6: Reforming Subsidies Chap
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REFORMING SUBSIDIES Key Messages of
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6 Chapter 6 addresses the need for
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6.1.2 HOW BIG ARE EXISTING SUBSIDIE
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6.2 6.2.1 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN
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through provision of water and ener
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6.3 6.3.1 AGRICULTURE Subsidies to
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Box 6.4: The EU Common Agricultural
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Second, it has to be borne in mind
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• increases the producer price of
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REFORMING SUBSIDIES Box 6.9: Removi
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In the agriculture sector, the pric
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Some consumer energy subsidies may
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6.4 “People who love soft methods
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6.4.2 RESISTANCE TO CHANGE Subsidie
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The multiple policy objectives ofte
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REFORMING SUBSIDIES Social impacts
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The G-20 Heads of State have recent
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REFERENCES Agnew, D.J.; Pearce, J.;
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OECD - Organisation for Economic Co
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Bernd hansjürgens, Christoph Schr
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Key Messages of Chapter 7 Rewarding
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7.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES FoR hALTING oN
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7.2 REGULATING To AvoID DAMAGE: ENv
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y reducing the release of pollutant
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y reducing uncertainties with respe
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This equivalence can involve the sa
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PoTENTIAL BENEFITS oF oFFSETS AND B
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A biodiversity offset should be des
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7.4 SETTING MoRE ACCURATE PRICES: M
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Market-based instruments can be des
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China’s first water use rights sy
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PoTENTIAL CoST SAvINGS ThRoUGh MBIS
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Despite the potential described abo
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Non-market valuation studies can he
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PoLLUTIoN AND oThER DAMAGING ACTIvI
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The 1973 CITES treaty (Convention o
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7.6 MAKING IT hAPPEN - PoLICy MIxES
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has shown the critical need to stre
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Gutman, P. and Davidson, S. (2007)
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· ·· · · · · · · · · ·
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T H E E C O N O M I C S O F E C O S
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