semmelweis university 2 0 1 2 / 2 0 1 3

SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY / FACULTY OF PHARMACY
426
BIOCHEMISTRY
Department of Medical Biochemistry
Lecturer: Dr. György Szabados
Tutor: Dr. Attila Ambrus
Second Semester
Lectures (3 hours per week)
Proteins. The amino acids building blocks of proteins.
Determination of amino acid composition and primary
structure of proteins.
Ordered conformations of polypeptide chains. Four levels
of protein structure. Determination of secondary and
tertiary structure. Oxygen transporting proteins.
Myoglobin and hemoglobin. Structure of myoglobin and
hemoglobin.
Fetal hemoglobin. Molecular pathology of hemoglobin.
Purification and characterization of proteins.
Separation procedures based on molecular size, solubility
differences, electric charge and selective adsorption.
Enzymes. Identification of functional groups essential
for catalysis. Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions:
The Michaelis-Menten equation. Transformation of the
Michaelis-Menten equation.
Enzyme inhibition. Regulatory enzymes: allosteric enzymes,
covalently modulated regulatory enzymes.
Fine mechanism of enzyme action. Three-dimensional
structure of chymotrypsin, a serine protease.
Mechanism of acetylcholinesterase catalysis.
Bioenergetics. Introductory remarks. High energy
compounds. Glycolysis.
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Citric acid cycle.
Metabolic transport through the mitochondrial membranes.
Respiratory chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial import and
export of reductive equivalents.
Energetics of glucose oxidation. Pasteur effect. Heat
production by the brown adipose tissue.
Carbohydrate metabolism. Cellular uptake and production
of glucose. Gluconeogenesis. Regulation of glycolysis
and gluconeogenesis.
Glycogen metabolism. Blood glucose and regulation of
glycogenolysis and glycogenesis. Hexose interconversions.
Galactosemia and galactosuria. Fructosuria and fructose
intolerance.
The phosphogluconate oxidative pathway. Significance and
regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Biosynthesis of hexosamines. Biological role and synthesis
of glycoproteins and glycolipids