EU industrial structure - EU Bookshop - Europa

EU industrial structure 2011 — Trends and Performance
Before the results of analyses are presented it should be
noted that the RCA measure for services trade cannot be
114
compared directly with the RCA measure for goods trade,
cf. Box IV.5.
box IV.5: differing interpretation of rca in manufacturing and services 71
i Unlike manufacturing goods, services are not only supplied through cross‑border trade. There are other modes of
supply, such as movements of consumers to producers, commercial presence abroad or movement of physical persons.
ii Domestic polices rather than trade policies are more likely to have an impact on trade in services.
iii Services supplied via factor movements are traded between residents and non‑residents in the same country
and not between countries.
As was discussed in section III.2, specialisation in services
industries differs markedly between the Member States.
Cyprus, Luxembourg and the UK have very strong revealed
comparative advantages in financial services. Ireland,
Luxembourg and the UK have high RCAs in insurance
services. Ireland also has a high RCA in computer and
information services together with Finland. As with
manufacturing, the RCA measure is sensitive to the relative
distribution of services industries in a country. In relatively
small economies relatively large service industries which
account for a large share of exports can give rise to high
RCAs. This is the case for Cyprus and Malta with regard to
financial services and personal, cultural and recreational
services respectively, cf. Table IV.9. 72 71 72
TAbLE IV.9: RCA in services activities in 2009: EU countries, US, Japan and brazil, China and Russia
communi‑
cation
computer
and infor‑
mation
construc‑
tion
Finance insurance
Other
business
services
personal,
cultural
and rec‑
reational
transpor‑
tation
Austria 1.17 0.63 0.88 0.26 0.94 1.08 0.45 0.80 1.52
Belgium 2.00 0.91 0.63 0.52 0.68 1.61 0.67 0.97 0.54
Bulgaria 1.30 0.40 2.02 0.07 0.82 0.37 0.70 0.73 2.31
Cyprus 0.40 0.26 0.34 2.79 0.35 0.71 0.40 1.34 0.77
Czech Republic 0.82 0.84 0.58 0.03 0.26 0.86 0.46 1.51 1.07
Denmark 0.47 0.56 0.24 0.16 0.35 0.77 0.73 2.17 0.47
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71 See Langhammer (2004) for a detailed presentation.
72 Personal, cultural and recreational services involve transactions
in (i) audiovisual and related services and (ii) other personal,
cultural and recreational services. Other personal, cultural and
recreational services comprise services such as those associated
with museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural, sporting,
and recreational activities. Also included are fees for services,
including provision of correspondence courses, rendered abroad
by teachers or doctors. Construction services cover work performed
on construction projects and installations by employees of an
enterprise in locations outside the economic territory of the
enterprise. Goods imported by the enterprise for use in the
projects are included in the value of these services rather than
under goods. Projects carried out by foreign subsidiaries or
branches of enterprises (direct investors) and certain site offices
are excluded because such projects are part of the production
of the host economy. See http://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_
Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx?Dataset=TIS&Coords=[SER].
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