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EU industrial structure 2011 — Trends and Performance TAbLE IV.5: EU imports of manufactured goods by origin (2009 in %) 102 usa Japan Bric Brazil china india russia low income low medium upper medium high income nacE cOdE income income non Eu‑27 c10 Food 21.5 41.3 33.0 5.3 4.9 0.2 22.7 12.2 6.7 2.5 1.4 c11 Beverages 51.6 45.4 3.8 0.2 20.1 0.4 3.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.7 c12 Tobacco 19.5 58.2 17.4 6.5 7.9 0.2 19.4 10.0 4.6 1.7 3.1 c13 Textiles 14.4 20.2 54.7 11.8 3.7 1.5 47.3 0.3 35.2 11.6 0.3 c14 Clothing 3.5 16.1 67.2 14.8 0.6 0.1 52.6 0.0 45.1 7.5 0.0 c15 Leather & footwear 5.3 8.7 72.0 14.7 1.0 0.1 62.9 3.2 52.2 7.1 0.3 c16 Wood & wood products 20.3 32.3 44.4 3.6 7.3 0.1 46.3 7.4 27.0 0.6 11.4 c17 Paper 52.6 30.1 17.5 0.2 20.0 1.4 31.0 13.7 12.1 0.6 4.5 c18 Printing 71.3 5.5 23.4 0.0 6.4 13.6 23.3 0.9 21.1 0.4 0.9 c19 Refined petroleum 35.7 55.0 9.5 0.1 11.9 1.0 43.1 0.6 0.7 4.4 37.4 c20 Chemicals 66.5 16.5 17.0 0.4 26.8 8.4 19.7 2.3 8.8 3.1 5.5 c21 Pharmaceuticals 91.3 2.0 6.9 0.0 47.3 3.3 7.2 0.6 4.6 1.9 0.0 c22 Rubber & plastics 44.9 15.3 39.1 1.3 15.2 7.8 33.8 0.9 29.7 2.4 0.9 c23 Non‑metalic mineral products 29.0 18.7 52.6 1.7 11.7 4.6 49.5 1.5 42.9 4.1 1.1 c24 Basic metals 41.9 40.9 16.2 3.1 7.1 3.3 24.8 2.3 6.4 2.2 13.9 c25 Metal products 40.0 11.5 48.1 1.1 11.4 5.3 46.1 0.6 41.1 3.7 0.7 c26 Computers, electronic & optical 44.1 7.9 47.7 0.4 12.4 11.0 41.9 0.1 41.1 0.6 0.1 c27 Electrical equipment 37.8 10.9 51.8 0.2 11.1 7.8 46.6 0.6 44.1 1.6 0.3 c28 Machinery n.e.c. 64.9 9.5 25.9 0.3 24.5 18.4 24.6 1.3 21.3 1.6 0.4 c29 Motor vehicles 56.6 27.6 16.3 0.1 11.4 32.2 12.4 1.9 5.3 4.9 0.3 c30 Other transport eq. 83.4 5.7 9.5 1.6 52.9 2.8 10.9 2.0 8.0 0.3 0.6 c31 Furniture 11.6 16.0 66.1 7.2 2.3 0.4 59.0 2.4 53.6 2.1 0.9 c32 Other manufacturing 46.5 5.5 47.0 1.2 23.7 5.2 41.7 0.2 37.3 3.8 0.4 Note: Intra‑EU regional trade is excluded. The shares do not add up to 100 since the US, Japan and the BRIC countries are included in the aggregates by income. Source: own calculations using Comtrade database
iv22 Export market shares Export market shares provide insight into the position relative to international competitors. Gains or loss of market share indicates whether an EU industry is gaining competitiveness, or not, on the world market, cf. Box IV.1. box IV.1: Share in world markets The share of sector ‘i’in world markets is defined as: Share of sector ‘i’ = EU exports to world market in sector ‘i’/ Total world exports in sector ‘i’ where, ‘world’ is defined as EU‑27 + US, Japan, and a selected group of countries. For the EU the share is calculated including and excluding intra‑EU trade. Largest EU export shares in 2009, when intra‑regional trade is included) were recorded for printing and reproduction of recorded media, beverages, tobacco products, pharmaceuticals, paper and paper products and furniture. When intra‑regional trade in the EU is excluded, US industries hold larger shares than the EU of world exports of computer, electronic and optical products and other manufacturing. Japanese industries held large shares of world exports of motor vehicles, trailers and semi‑trailers and machinery and equipment; however, EU industries (excluding intra‑regional trade) had even larger shares of world exports. China, besides having the largest shares of clothing, leather and footwear and textiles, holds relatively Chapter IV — International competitiveness of EU industry large market shares in computer, electronic and optical products, furniture, and electrical equipment and fabricated metal products, cf. Table IV.6. 68 68 The market share approach favours large countries; therefore, it is more relevant to compare the EU as a whole with the US, Japan, China, India, Brazil and Russia. The initial size of an economy may matter in its ability to seek foreign markets. Larger countries may benefit from more resources as far as capital, labour or other factors of production are concerned. Large countries may also benefit from economies of scale as they have larger domestic markets. 103
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EU industrial structure 2011 Trends
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ENTERPRISE & INDUSTRY MAGAZINE The
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EU industrial structure 2011 — Tr
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Chapter I The aftermath of the cris
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The impact of the last downturn in
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The impacts of the latest recession
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The previous figures imply that the
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i12 services recession and recovery
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Chapter I — The aftermath of the
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nacE rev 2 growth 2009 Chapter I
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The third step in assessing future
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The business survey indicator used
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Chapter II Changes in EU Industrial
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While there is some variety in the
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developments. This is confirmed by
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Looking at the overall specialisati
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TAbLE II.2: Sectoral specialisation
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For countries as a whole, it should
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Chapter II — Changes in EU Indust
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technology scale. They are less and
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Page 109 and 110: FIgURE IV.3: EU-27 RCA index in 200
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