Free Download - HCCREMS
Free Download - HCCREMS
Free Download - HCCREMS
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Hunter, Central & Lower North Coast<br />
Vegetation Classification & Mapping Project<br />
Volume 1<br />
Vegetation Classification<br />
Technical Report
Acknowledgements<br />
Report Author & Co-Authors<br />
Main Author: Michael Somerville<br />
Data Audit Chapter & Report: Kim Duncan &<br />
Michael Somerville<br />
Core Project Team<br />
Michael Somerville<br />
Angela McCauley<br />
Kim Duncan<br />
Project Management Team<br />
Anna Ferguson (HCRCMA)<br />
Meredith Laing (Director, Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division & <strong>HCCREMS</strong>)<br />
Jeff Palmer (HCRCMA)<br />
Michael Somerville (Project Coordinator, Hunter<br />
Councils Environment Division Vegetation)<br />
Project Steering Committee<br />
Meredith Laing (Hunter Councils Environment<br />
Division)<br />
Michael Somerville (Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
Angela McCauley (Hunter Councils Environment<br />
Division, until January 2008)<br />
Jeff Palmer (HCRCMA)<br />
Anna Ferguson (HCRCMA)<br />
Andrew Paget (HCRCMA)<br />
Dominic Sivertsen (DECC)<br />
Ashley Love (DECC)<br />
Paul Sheringham (DECC)<br />
David Tierney (Local Government Representative,<br />
Wyong Shire Council)<br />
Botanical Classification Team<br />
Doug Binns (Forests NSW)<br />
Phil Gilmour (EcoLogical Australia)<br />
Paul Sheringham (DECC)<br />
Michael Somerville (Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
iii<br />
Botanical Field Surveys<br />
John Hunter & Dorothy Bell (Consultants)<br />
Robert Payne (Consultant, Ecological Surveys and<br />
Management)<br />
Doug Binns (Forests NSW)<br />
Liz Broese & Colin Bale (Consultants, EA<br />
Systems)<br />
Mark Robinson (Consultant, Bioregen)<br />
Simon Tweed & Liz Norris (Consultants,<br />
EcoLogical)<br />
Teressa James (Consultant)<br />
Site Selection Expert Review Panel<br />
Matthew Bell (Great Lakes Council)<br />
Steven Griffith (Consultant and Research Fellow,<br />
University of New England, Armidale)<br />
Terry Evans (DECC)<br />
Paul Sheringham (DECC)<br />
Data Audit Expert Review Panel<br />
Steve Bell (Consultant, Eastcoast Flora Survey)<br />
Travis Peake (Consultant, Umwelt)<br />
Steven Griffith (Consultant and Research Fellow,<br />
University of New England, Armidale)<br />
Matthew Bell (Ecologist, Great Lakes Council)<br />
Andrew Paget (HCRCMA)<br />
Paul Sheringham (DECC)<br />
Daniel Connolly (DECC)<br />
John Hunter (Consultant)<br />
Steve Lewer (DECC)<br />
Terry Evans (DECC)<br />
Doug Binns (Forests NSW)<br />
Robert Payne (Consultant, Ecological Surveys and<br />
Management)
Classification Expert Review Panel<br />
Dominic Sivertsen (Convenor, DNR)<br />
Michael Somerville (Presenter, Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
Doug Binns (Presenter, Forests NSW)<br />
David Tierney (Ecologist, Wyong Shire Council)<br />
John Hunter (Consultant)<br />
Steven Griffith (Consultant and Research Fellow,<br />
University of New England, Armidale)<br />
Travis Peake (Consultant, Umwelt)<br />
Steve Bell (Consultant, Eastcoast Flora Survey)<br />
Steve Lewer (DECC)<br />
Robert Payne (Consultant, Ecological Surveys and<br />
Management)<br />
Liz Broese (Consultant, EA Systems)<br />
Andrew Paget (HCRCMA)<br />
Native Grasslands Expert Workshop<br />
Participants<br />
Michael Somerville (Facilitator, Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
Charles Huxtable (DECC)<br />
Surrey Jacob (Principal Research Scientist, Botanic<br />
Gardens Trust)<br />
Travis Peake (Consultant, Umwelt)<br />
Steve Lewer (DECC)<br />
Dave Russell (HCRCMA)<br />
Paul Melehan (HCRCMA)<br />
Neil Nelson (Consultant)<br />
Ross Watson (Consultant)<br />
John Benson (Senior Plant Ecologist, Botanic<br />
Gardens Trust; although unable to attend John<br />
provided valuable input prior to the workshop)<br />
Database Development<br />
Michael Somerville (Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
Bob Sewell (Llewes Partners)<br />
Administrative Support<br />
Meredith Laing (Director, Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
Michelle Avice-Demay (Director, Hunter<br />
Councils Environment Division)<br />
Samantha King (Director, Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division)<br />
iv<br />
Additional Support<br />
The project team would also like to acknowledge<br />
and thank a number of other people and<br />
organisations who provided support and advice to<br />
various stages of this project, including:<br />
Robert and Maggie Payne: provided additional<br />
survey data and advice at their own expense<br />
Andrew Paget: provided considerable information<br />
on specific plant species and communities,<br />
and on relationships between vegetation<br />
communities<br />
John Hunter: provided advice on various aspects<br />
of the project as well as additional survey data<br />
Bob Sewell: acted as the unofficial project<br />
database expert, providing considerable advice<br />
and expertise<br />
Field assistants: various people acted as field<br />
assistants to the botanists, in particular, Adam<br />
Cavallaro and Tasman Willis, as well as a<br />
number of students from the University of New<br />
England<br />
Hunter Water Corporation: provided access to<br />
their landholdings for botanical surveys<br />
Private landholders: a number of landholders<br />
allowed botanical teams access to their<br />
properties for the purposes of carrying out<br />
surveys and for that data to be used in the<br />
current study<br />
DECC: staff from various sections provided<br />
valuable support, data and advice to this project<br />
Botanical illustrators and Botanic Gardens<br />
Trust: provide an invaluable resource to a<br />
project such as this, including assisting with<br />
species identifications, maintaining up-todate<br />
botanical resources such as PlantNET. In<br />
addition, high-quality species line drawings<br />
used in the vegetation community profiles<br />
were sourced from the BGT and produced by<br />
their staff. In particular, Catherine Wardrop and<br />
Lesley Elkin were very helpful in preparing and<br />
supplying line drawings at short notice.
Contents<br />
Acknowledgements ..............................................................iii<br />
List of abbreviations ............................................................ viii<br />
Chapter 1: IntroduCtIon to the projeCt ................................. 1<br />
1.1 Background to the project ..................................................... 1<br />
1.2 Project aims and objectives .................................................... 1<br />
1.3 Structure of reporting for the project ............................................ 2<br />
1.4 The project’s study area ....................................................... 2<br />
1.4.1 Geographical extent ................................................... 2<br />
1.4.2 Natural regions of the study area ....................................... 3<br />
1.4.3 Landforms and climate of the study area ................................. 4<br />
Chapter 2: VegetatIon of the Study area ................................ 8<br />
2.1 Broad vegetation formations and classes. ........................................ 8<br />
2.1.1 Rainforests ........................................................... 8<br />
2.1.2 Wet sclerophyll forests. ................................................ 9<br />
2.1.3 Dry sclerophyll forests. ............................................... 10<br />
2.1.4 Grassy woodlands ................................................... 11<br />
2.1.5 Grasslands .......................................................... 12<br />
2.1.6 Heathlands ......................................................... 12<br />
2.1.7 Freshwater wetlands ................................................. 13<br />
2.1.8 Forested wetlands ................................................... 13<br />
2.1.9 Saline wetlands. ..................................................... 14<br />
2.2 Previous studies of the region’s vegetation. ..................................... 14<br />
2.2.1 Major studies covering the study area .................................. 14<br />
2.2.2 Subregional studies within the study area ............................... 16<br />
2.2.3 Location-specific or species-specific studies within study area ............. 18<br />
Chapter 3: MethodS of data ColleCtIon and analySIS ................ 20<br />
3.1 Data audit and evaluation .................................................... 20<br />
3.1.1 Background ........................................................ 20<br />
3.1.2 Data audit objectives . ................................................ 21<br />
3.1.3 Data collation ....................................................... 21<br />
3.1.4 Data integration ..................................................... 21<br />
3.1.5 Data evaluation. ..................................................... 22<br />
3.2 Gap analysis and site selection ................................................ 22<br />
3.2.1 Addressing minimum standards ....................................... 22<br />
3.2.2 Three-tiered approach to gap analysis .................................. 22<br />
3.2.3 Expert panel review of site selection .................................... 26<br />
3.2.4 Site-selection rule set ................................................. 27<br />
3.2.5 Landholder liaison ................................................... 27<br />
3.3 Botanical survey methodology . ............................................... 27<br />
3.3.1 Background ......................................................... 27<br />
3.3.2 Botanical survey teams ............................................... 28<br />
3.3.3 Botanical survey methods. ............................................ 28<br />
3.3.4 Quality assurance check of the surveys ................................. 29<br />
v
3.4 Vegetation community analysis ............................................... 29<br />
3.4.1 Introduction. ........................................................ 29<br />
3.4.2 Exploratory analyses . ................................................ 31<br />
3.4.3 Expert review of collated dataset ...................................... 31<br />
3.4.4 The analysis dataset .................................................. 31<br />
3.4.5 Classification of the survey data ....................................... 32<br />
3.3.6 Interpretation and refinement of classification ........................... 33<br />
3.4.7 Expert review of draft classification scheme . ............................ 34<br />
3.4.8 Finalisation of vegetation classification scheme .......................... 35<br />
3.4.9 Expert grasslands communities workshop .............................. 35<br />
3.4.10 Development of vegetation community profiles. ......................... 36<br />
3.4.11 Development of a regional vegetation classification database .............. 36<br />
Chapter 4: reSultS. ......................................................... 38<br />
4.1 Data audit and evaluation ................................................... 38<br />
4.1.1 Vegetation survey datasets within the region (geography) ................. 38<br />
4.1.2 Summary of profiled vegetation survey datasets ......................... 38<br />
4.1.3 Preliminary data assessment .......................................... 42<br />
4.1.4 Summary of vegetation community analysis datasets ..................... 43<br />
4.1.5 Plant species inventory ............................................... 45<br />
4.1.6 Discussion .......................................................... 46<br />
4.2 New field surveys for this project. ............................................. 48<br />
4.2.1 Overview of the survey effort. ......................................... 48<br />
4.2.2 Significant taxa ...................................................... 49<br />
4.2.3 Naturalised species .................................................. 49<br />
4.2.4 Contribution to sampling targets. ...................................... 53<br />
4.3 Vegetation community classification ........................................... 54<br />
4.3.1 Expert review of the draft classification scheme .......................... 54<br />
4.3.2 Outcomes of the expert review. ........................................ 54<br />
4.3.3 Final classification scheme ............................................ 55<br />
4.3.4 Expert review of grasslands workshop. ................................. 55<br />
4.3.5 Brief vegetation community descriptions. ............................... 62<br />
4.3.5.1 Rainforests. ................................................ 62<br />
4.3.5.2 Wet sclerophyll forests. ...................................... 70<br />
4.3.5.3 Dry sclerophyll forests. ...................................... 82<br />
4.3.5.4 Grassy woodlands ......................................... 114<br />
4.3.5.5 Grasslands. ............................................... 120<br />
4.3.5.6 Heathlands andshrublands. ................................. 121<br />
4.3.5.7 Forested wetlands ......................................... 125<br />
4.3.5.8 Freshwater wetlands ....................................... 132<br />
4.3.5.9 Saline wetlands. ........................................... 136<br />
Chapter 5: reCoMMendatIonS ........................................... 137<br />
BIBlIography .............................................................. 138<br />
vi
appendICeS ................................................................. 143<br />
Appendix 1: Systematic vegetation survey proforma ................................ 144<br />
Appendix 2: Quality assurance proforma .......................................... 147<br />
Appendix 3: Data vetting proforma ............................................... 151<br />
Appendix 4: Hierarchical classification dendrogram ................................ 165<br />
Appendix 5: Classification expert review workshop: Terms of reference ............... 170<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review. .................................................... 171<br />
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys .................................... 204<br />
Appendix 8: Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification ................... 209<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study ................................... 212<br />
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes. ............ 284<br />
lISt of taBleS and fIgureS<br />
Table 3.1 Vegetation survey dataset proforma ....................................... 23<br />
Table 3.2 Sampling strategies for other vegetation survey and mapping projects ......... 24<br />
Table 3.3 Structure of the Quarternary Geology Classification Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
Table 3.4 Conversions for common cover/abundance score schemes ................... 32<br />
Table 3.5 Species fidelity calculations. .............................................. 37<br />
Table 4.1 Headings used to profile vascular plant species within the HCLNC study area .. 45<br />
Table 4.2 Threatened species within the HCLNC study area .......................... 48<br />
Table 4.3 List of rare or threatened species recorded during field surveys ............... 49<br />
Table 4.4 List of naturalised species recorded during field surveys ..................... 50<br />
Table 4.5 Overview of outcomes of the expert review of the classification scheme ........ 55<br />
Table 4.6 List of vegetation communities and sources ................................ 56<br />
Figure 1.1 Geographical extent of study area ......................................... 2<br />
Figure 1.2 Bioregions of the study area . ............................................. 3<br />
Figure 1.3 Botanical subdivisions of the study area ................................... 3<br />
Figure 1.4 Major catchments of the study area ....................................... 4<br />
Figure 3.1 Hunter Central Lower North Coast study area ............................ 21<br />
Figure 3.2 Expert panel review identified areas ..................................... 26<br />
Figure 4.1 Summary of age of surveys. ............................................. 39<br />
Figure 4.2 Summary of floristic data information recorded ............................ 39<br />
Figure 4.3 Summary of survey plot type ........................................... 39<br />
Figure 4.4 Summary of plot size .................................................. 40<br />
Figure 4.5 Summary of cover/abundance scoring systems ............................ 41<br />
Figure 4.6 Summary of vegetation strata height and percentage cover .................. 42<br />
Figure 4.7 Summary of dominant species per stratum cover. .......................... 42<br />
Figure 4.8 Summary of the preliminary data assessment ............................. 43<br />
Figure 4.9 Possible application of plot site data ..................................... 43<br />
Figure 4.10 Plot site intensity for the HCLNC study area ............................. 44<br />
Figure 4.11 Plot site intensity for LGAs within the HCLNC study area ................. 44<br />
Figure 4.12 a. area coverage b. plot site intensity for the different land<br />
tenures in the HCLNC study area ................................................. 45<br />
Figure 4.13 Recorded frequency of species at plot sites within the HCLNC study area .... 46<br />
Figure 4.14 Locations of survey sites completed for current study ..................... 49<br />
vii
List of abbreviations<br />
API aerial photograph interpretation<br />
CANRI Community Access to Natural Resources Information<br />
CRA Comprehensive Regional Assessments<br />
DECC Department of Environment and Climate Change<br />
EPBC Act Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act<br />
<strong>HCCREMS</strong> Hunter and Central Coast Regional Environmental Management Strategy<br />
HCED Hunter Councils Environment Division<br />
HCMT Hunter Catchment Management Trust, now HCRCMA<br />
HCRCMA Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority<br />
LGA local government area<br />
L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> Lower Hunter and Central Coast Regional Environmental Management<br />
Strategy<br />
NP national park<br />
NR nature reserve<br />
NSW NPWS NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service<br />
TSC Act Threatened Species Conservation Act (NSW)<br />
NVMP Native Vegetation Mapping Program<br />
RBG Royal Botanic Gardens<br />
SF state forest<br />
FNSW Forests New South Wales (formerly State Forests NSW)<br />
SRA<br />
UPGMA unweighted pair groups with mean averaging<br />
VCA vegetation classification assessment<br />
VCL Voluntary Conservation Lands<br />
WRA Western Regional Asessment<br />
YETI Yet Another Survey Database<br />
viii
CHaPTeR 1<br />
Introduction to the project<br />
1.1 Background to the project<br />
This publication was commissioned by the Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management<br />
Authority (HCRCMA) to report on the second stage of the Hunter, Central and Lower North<br />
Coast Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project.<br />
The first stage involved vegetation survey and mapping using SPOT5 satellite imagery of the<br />
study area; systematic surveys of priority areas; regionally significant vegetation mapping of<br />
the Central Coast; and a SPOT5 Pilot Study (McCauley 2006a, 2006b; McCauley et al. 2006).<br />
This second stage expands on the work of stage 1, with a particular focus on gap-filling surveys,<br />
the development of a regional vegetation community classification scheme, and data inputs for<br />
an anticipated third stage.<br />
It is expected that stage 3 of the project will use the outputs from stages 1 and 2 in the development<br />
of pre-clearing and extant vegetation community mapping of the Hunter, Central and Lower<br />
North Coast of New South Wales.<br />
1.2 Project aims and objectives<br />
The overall aims of the vegetation classification and mapping project are to:<br />
➜ compile baseline data<br />
➜ develop a regional vegetation community classification scheme<br />
➜ produce vegetation community mapping<br />
The specific objectives of this second stage of the project were to:<br />
➜ collate data<br />
➜ conduct additional systematic surveys within poorly sampled environments to fill<br />
information gaps<br />
➜ develop a regional vegetation community classification scheme that cross-references<br />
wherever possible to other existing schemes that have currency in the region<br />
1
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
1.3 Structure of reporting for the project<br />
The reporting of this second stage of the vegetation classification and mapping project has been<br />
completed as three stand-alone volumes which together provide the detail of the methods and<br />
outcomes of the various project elements. The three volumes are:<br />
➜ Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report (this publication)<br />
➜ Volume 2: Vegetation Community Profiles (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008a)<br />
➜ Volume 3: Vegetation Survey Data Audit (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008b)<br />
1.4 The project’s study area<br />
1.4.1 Geographical extent<br />
The project's study area is the Hunter, Central and Lower North Coast region of New South<br />
Wales, Australia. The area was selected to encompass the geographical boundaries of the<br />
Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority and of the 14 member councils of<br />
the Hunter and Central Coast Regional Environment Strategy (<strong>HCCREMS</strong>). A 1.5 km buffer<br />
zone was generated around the most external boundary for the purpose of data collation and<br />
integration (See Figure 1.1).<br />
The study area referred to within this document includes the 1.5 km buffer and will be termed<br />
the Hunter, Central Coast and Lower North Coast (HCLNC) study area. The geographical extent<br />
of the HCLNC is between latitudes 31°16' to 33°35' south, and longitudes 149°40' to 152°48' east,<br />
encompassing a total land area of 4 026 761 ha.<br />
Figure 1.1. Geographical extent of the study area<br />
2
Study boundary Area (ha)<br />
Hunter–Central Rivers CMa 3 592 596<br />
Hunter and Central Coast (HCC) 3 902 172<br />
HCC and 1.5 km buffer 4 026 761<br />
1.4.2 Natural regions of the study area<br />
3<br />
CHaPTeR 1 Introduction to the project<br />
The present study area can be divided into natural regions using various approaches. In this<br />
section an overview is provided of the study area’s constituent bioregions (Environment<br />
Australia 2000), botanical subdivisions (Anderson 1961) and major catchments. Various sources<br />
are available which provide detailed descriptions of each of these landscape divisions and are<br />
included in the bibliography. This section is only intended to provide a brief description of the<br />
extent and composition of the study area in terms of each of these systems.<br />
1.4.2.1 Bioregions of the study area<br />
Bioregions are natural regions defined on the<br />
basis of various environmental parameters,<br />
including climate, topography, geology and<br />
lithology. Eighty-five bioregions are currently<br />
recognised in Australia and these have been<br />
further subdivided into 430 subregions<br />
(Environment Australia 2000). The study area<br />
is dominated by the North Coast (47.4%) and<br />
Sydney Basin (39.8%) bioregions (see Figure 1.2).<br />
Making up smaller but significant areas are the<br />
Brigalow Belt South (9.4%) and New England<br />
Tableland (3.0%) bioregions. The study area<br />
also includes parts of the South Western Slopes<br />
(0.3%) and Nandewar (0.1%) bioregions.<br />
1.4.2.2 Botanical subdivisions of the study<br />
area<br />
The study area includes significant areas of five<br />
botanical subdivisions as described by Harden<br />
(1990), and a small area of a sixth subdivision<br />
(see Figure 1.3). The majority of the area is<br />
made up of the North Coast (44.1%) and<br />
Central Western Slopes (32.2%) subdivisions<br />
along with significant areas of the Central<br />
Coast (11.8%), Northern Tablelands (9.4%) and<br />
Central Tablelands (2.3%) subdivisions. The<br />
study area, including the 1500 m buffer, also<br />
includes a small area of the North-Western<br />
Slopes subdivision.<br />
Figure 1.2. Bioregions of the study area<br />
Figure 1.3. Botanical subdivisions of the study area
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
1.4.2.3 Major catchments of the study area<br />
The study area is dominated by the Hunter<br />
River catchment (53.3% of the study area)<br />
with a large portion of the Manning River<br />
catchment (20.3%) to the north (see Figure<br />
1.4). The Port Stephens / Wallis Lake (11.1%)<br />
and Lake Macquarie / Tuggerah Lakes (3.9%)<br />
catchments are wholly within the study area,<br />
and significant areas of the Hawkesbury River<br />
catchment (7.9%) are also included. Smaller<br />
areas of the Hastings River (1.5%), Macquarie<br />
River (1.0%), Namoi River (0.8%) and Macleay<br />
River (0.2%) catchments areas are included on<br />
the margins of the study area (mostly within the<br />
study’s 1500 m buffer zone).<br />
1.4.3 Landforms and climate of the study area<br />
4<br />
Figure 1.4. Major catchments of the study area<br />
The distribution of vegetation is determined by a range of environmental factors, such as<br />
geology and soils (texture, structure and nutrient levels, etc.), climatic factors and topography,<br />
as well as by various stochastic processes, such as fire history (Keith 2004). Any of these factors<br />
may be more or less important in relation to the distribution of specific vegetation communities<br />
and may also be more or less important depending on the scale at which vegetation patterns are<br />
considered (Keith 2004). For example, soil nutrients have been shown to be important factors in<br />
the distribution of vegetation types in areas where moisture and temperature are not limiting<br />
factors (as in coastal areas); however, nutrient levels may have little influence in arid or highaltitude<br />
areas where moisture and temperatures are major limiting factors to the growth of<br />
vegetation (Beadle 1981).<br />
The study area has very diverse landforms and climates. These include moist, warm, coastal<br />
lowlands; semi-arid inland areas; and reasonably high-altitude montane areas. The study area<br />
is additionally significant as the Hunter Valley represents the only major break in the north–<br />
south continuity of the Great Dividing Range and, therefore, provides a link between coastal<br />
areas and the arid inland. A major study carried out by the CSIRO in the 1960s (Story et al. 1963)<br />
identified 43 different land systems based on a range of factors, including topography, geology<br />
and soils, in the Hunter Valley alone.<br />
This diversity of habitats has resulted in a high diversity of plant species and vegetation<br />
communities within the study area. A number of previous studies have identified areas of<br />
particularly high levels of species diversity and endemism within the study area. In a major<br />
study of Australian phytogeography, Burbidge (1960) described a zone of overlap between the<br />
tropical and temperate zones centred on the area between the MacPherson Ranges of South-<br />
East Queensland and the Macleay River. Throughout this area the range of northern tropical<br />
species and southern temperate species overlap with tropical species occupying moister gullies,<br />
and temperate species occupying more open sites. The limits of many taxa are found within this<br />
area which is known as the MacPherson–Macleay Overlap; it has been shown to extend into<br />
the Barrington Tops. The area has been identified as a centre of biodiversity and endemism in<br />
a number of other studies (Boden & Given 1995; Crisp et al. 2001). In a study of distributional
5<br />
CHaPTeR 1 Introduction to the project<br />
patterns in Australian Acacia Maslin and Pedley (1988) have demonstrated that many groups of<br />
Acacia reach their limits of distribution within the MacPherson–Macleay Overlap.<br />
Other areas of high levels of species diversity and endemism within the study area have also<br />
been identified, including the Sydney Basin sandstone region (Boden & Given 1995; Crisp et al.<br />
2001) and the New England–Dorrigo region (Crisp et al. 2001), part of which is in the north of<br />
the study area.<br />
The discussion of the major landforms and climatic trends of the study area that follows is, for<br />
convenience, broken into major bioregions. This discussion is meant to provide an overview<br />
only and the various references to this section should be consulted for more detailed information<br />
on the landforms and climate of the area. Information on bioregions used here has been sourced<br />
from the report The bioregions of New South Wales: their biodiversity, conservation and history (NPWS<br />
2003b).<br />
1.4.3.1 North Coast bioregion<br />
The North Coast bioregion for the most part has a relatively warm, moist climate with a mean<br />
annual temperature of 8 to 20˚ C and mean annual rainfall of around 800 to 2900 mm. Rainfall<br />
tends to be evenly distributed throughout the year and generally increases in the north (reaching<br />
a maximum outside the study area) and inland to the escarpment. The overall climate varies<br />
from tropical along the coast to subtropical in the hinterland and temperate in the western<br />
parts with isolated areas of montane climate in the higher altitude areas of the escarpment. The<br />
general topographical sequence moves from sand barriers along the coast to low foothills and<br />
ranges in the hinterland to steep escarpment and gorges along the eastern edge of the Great<br />
Dividing Range.<br />
Geologically, the North Coast bioregion is dominated by Devonian and Permian sedimentary<br />
bedrocks which have been dramatically uplifted and faulted as they were thrust over the Sydney<br />
Basin. Smaller areas of granite and granodiorite intrusions also occur, along with isolated areas<br />
of basalt flows. In addition, smaller, isolated areas of serpentinite occur, often resulting in<br />
distinct floral assemblages.<br />
The basalt flows form nutrient-rich, typically red clay loams and these areas have been<br />
extensively cleared for agricultural purposes. The granitic rocks tend to form yellow earths on<br />
hillcrests and ridges, while on the slopes they form yellow or brown, texture contrast soils, and<br />
organic or sandy loams on alluvial areas. On the coastal dune systems deep sands and podsols<br />
develop.<br />
In the coastal and northern parts of the bioregion subtropical and warm temperate rainforests<br />
develop on the richer, basalt-derived soils, while drier sclerophyll forest–types dominate on the<br />
granite-derived soils. On the coastal dunes various woodlands and shrublands predominate.<br />
The bioregion also contains significant areas of both freshwater and saline wetlands: the margins<br />
of freshwater wetlands support various swamp forests, and the margins of saline wetlands<br />
support mangrove communities.<br />
1.4.3.2 Sydney Basin bioregion<br />
The Sydney Basin bioregion has a typically temperate climate with a mean annual temperature<br />
of 10 to 17˚ C and mean annual rainfall of 522 to 2395 mm, with no distinct dry season. A<br />
subtropical climate occurs in the north-east parts of the bioregion and small areas of montane
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
climate occur on the Blue Mountains where some snow may fall. The topography of the bioregion<br />
is dominated by a broad basin of sandstone and shales, uplifted in places during the formation<br />
of the Great Dividing Range. The sandstones have been heavily eroded by coastal rivers to<br />
form a landscape of dissected plateaux and steep-sided gorges. In contrast to these uplifted<br />
areas, low-lying areas occur outside the study area around the Cumberland Plains and within<br />
the study area in the Hunter Valley. These areas were flooded by rising sea waters during the<br />
last post-glacial period, forming estuaries and harbours edged along the coast by barrier sands<br />
which are well developed within the study area (DECC 2008a).<br />
As mentioned, the geology of the bioregion is dominated by Permian to Triassic age<br />
sandstones and shales which are separated by the above mentioned fault from the extensively<br />
faulted Carboniferous rocks to the north which form the rugged country of the foothills of<br />
the Barrington Tops. Large coal deposits accumulated in the upper parts of the basin and<br />
in the south these were covered by Triassic age sandstone deposits of the Hawkesbury. The<br />
broad Hunter Valley was formed by erosion of the Permian rocks which, being derived from<br />
marine sediments, were relatively high in salt. This has resulted in many of the central Hunter<br />
Valley streams having naturally high levels of salinity. During the Jurassic period additional<br />
sedimentation covered much of the basin, however, the majority of these younger deposits<br />
have subsequently eroded with only a thin stratum of older shales remaining over the moreresistant<br />
quartz sandstones.<br />
The soils of the coastal areas of the bioregion consist of frontal dune systems of deep sands<br />
with the dunes behind accumulating organic materials and producing podsols (DECC 2008a)<br />
Depending on parent materials and rainfall, the floodplains of the bioregion develop sandy<br />
alluvial soils, podsolics and cracking clays. Various sandy soils have formed on the Hawkesbury<br />
sandstones and these support a very high diversity of plant species. The richer soils which have<br />
developed on the isolated outcrops of basalt flows support various forms of relatively lowdiversity<br />
rainforests.<br />
1.4.3.3 Brigalow Belt South bioregion<br />
The south-eastern parts of the Brigalow Belt South bioregion which lie within the study area<br />
have a typically sub-humid climate, with small areas of temperate climate. The mean annual<br />
temperature of the bioregion ranges from 10 to 19˚ C with typically hot summers. The mean<br />
annual rainfall ranges between 449 and 1015 mm and is relatively evenly distributed throughout<br />
the year with no marked dry season.<br />
The geology of the bioregion is dominated by Jurassic and younger sedimentary deposits<br />
(mainly sandstones and shales) of the Great Artesian Basin. Much of this pre-existing landscape<br />
has been covered by extensive basalt flows of the Liverpool Range which make up the largest<br />
areas of lava flows in New South Wales. These basalts are continuously eroded to expose the<br />
more resistant sediments beneath.<br />
1.4.3.4 New england Tableland bioregion<br />
The New England Tableland bioregion makes up a smaller portion of the study area than the<br />
three bioregions discussed above (see Figure 1.2). The southern end of this bioregion extends<br />
into the north of the study area and is mainly represented by a steep section of the Great Eastern<br />
Escarpment and ranges climbing up to the tableland with a small area of tableland around<br />
Nowendoc.<br />
6
7<br />
CHaPTeR 1 Introduction to the project<br />
This bioregion has a generally temperate to cool temperate climate with smaller areas of<br />
montane climate at higher altitudes. Mean annual temperatures range from 9 to 17˚ C. Annual<br />
rainfall averages between 653 and 1765 mm and is generally summer dominant, although in the<br />
montane areas it is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.<br />
The geology of the bioregion is characterised by mainly Permian sedimentary rocks which<br />
have undergone extensive uplifting and faulting. Extensive basalt flows cover large parts of<br />
the tablelands and granite intrusions occur in many areas. The topography is one of stepped<br />
plateaux which extend east and south to the escarpment where coastal streams form deep,<br />
steep-sided gorges. The granite intrusions form steep country with numerous boulders and tors<br />
in the surrounding plains of level basalt flows.<br />
Soils vary depending on parent material, topography and rainfall, with the granite-derived soils<br />
forming sandy, low-fertility soils of generally poor structure which tend to be highly erosive.<br />
The basalt-derived soils tend to form shallow loams on steeper sites and richer clay loams on<br />
flatter sites ranging from red-brown to brown to black depending on topographic position.<br />
Where the Permian sedimentary rocks are exposed these tend to form relatively infertile, texture<br />
contrast soils.<br />
1.4.3.5 Other bioregions within the study area<br />
Of the remaining bioregions included within the study area the Nandewar bioregion occurs<br />
only as a narrow strip in the north within the 1500 m buffer used for data collation and survey<br />
purposes (see Figure 1.2) and is not considered in this section. The New South Wales South<br />
Western Slopes bioregion extends into a small area in the far west of the study area around the<br />
township of Mudgee (see Figure 1.2). The climate of this bioregion is sub-humid with mean<br />
annual temperature ranging from 11 to 17˚ C, reaching its maximum in the west outside of the<br />
study area. Mean annual rainfall is variable across the bioregion, decreasing to the west, and is<br />
highest (up to around 1200 mm) within the study area but decreasing to around 400 mm west<br />
of the study area.<br />
Topographically the bioregion consists of low ranges and slopes of the western fall country<br />
of the Great Dividing Range. The geology of the bioregion is dominated by Cambrian to<br />
Carboniferous meta-sediments and granites which have been extensively folded in a northwesterly<br />
direction. Soils range from shallow, stony soils on the ridges and texture contrast soils<br />
on the slopes with sandy or loamy alluvial soils on the valleys. The alluvial soils are frequently<br />
poorly drained and subsoils may accumulate salts.
CHaPter 2<br />
Vegetation of the study area<br />
The overview of the region’s vegetation provided below in Section 2.1 is of the major formations<br />
and classes recognised in the study area according to Keith’s classification of the vegetation<br />
of New South Wales (Keith 2004). This information is provided to give an introduction to the<br />
variation in vegetation across the region. It is then used as the broader basis for the classification<br />
undertaken by this project. It should be noted that the overview of the region’s vegetation is not<br />
comprehensive as there may be communities within the study area that are not recognised by<br />
this classification scheme.<br />
Section 2.3 provides a summary of the various vegetation studies which have been carried<br />
out within, or over an area covering part of the study area. It is intended only to provide an<br />
overview of those studies relevant to the current project and is not a comprehensive account of<br />
all studies completed.<br />
2.1 Broad vegetation formations and classes<br />
2.1.1 Rainforests<br />
These are forests with a closed canopy generally dominated by non-eucalypt species with soft,<br />
horizontal leaves, although various eucalypt species may be present as emergents. Rainforests<br />
tend to be restricted to relatively fire-free areas of consistently higher moisture and nutrient<br />
levels than the surrounding sclerophyllous forests. Of the nine classes of rainforest recognised<br />
in this classification five are predicted to occur within this region.<br />
➜ Subtropical rainforests: Mainly confined to more protected sites in the north-east of the<br />
study area (North Coast bioregion) this rainforest is typically dominated by tropical species<br />
including Ficus macrophylla, Dendrocnide excelsa and Toona ciliata and is structurally and<br />
floristically diverse with a range of lifeforms including lianes and epiphytes. Originally<br />
occurring on large areas of the fertile coastal floodplains in the north, much has now been<br />
cleared for timber and agriculture.<br />
➜ northern warm temperate rainforests: Mainly restricted to the north-east of the study<br />
8
9<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
area this rainforest tends to be less structurally diverse than more tropical rainforests,<br />
although epiphytes and lianes as well as palms may still be common. This forest is<br />
typically dominated by species such as Acmena smithii (Lilly Pilly), Ceratopetalum apetalum<br />
(Coachwood) and Doryphora sassafras (Sassafras).<br />
➜ Cool temperate rainforests: Restricted to the montane areas of the Barrington Tops and<br />
eastern escarpment above around 900 m where orographic effects ensure relatively high<br />
moisture levels. This rainforest is generally of low structural and floristic diversity and is<br />
commonly dominated by Nothofagus moorei (Antarctic Beech) and Elaeocarpus holopetalus<br />
(Black Olive Berry). The understorey may be dominated by tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica)<br />
and may have a scattering of shrubs and small trees including Tasmannia spp., Trochocarpa<br />
montana and Coprosma quadrifida.<br />
➜ dry rainforests: This rainforest occurs sporadically across the study area where soil<br />
fertility is moderately high but annual rainfall is between around 600 mm and 1100 mm.<br />
Dominant canopy species within the study area include Alectryon subcinereus, Backhousia<br />
myrtifolia, B. sciadophora, Streblus brunonianus and Ficus rubiginosa.<br />
➜ littoral rainforests: Restricted to remnant patches on sand dunes and headlands along<br />
the coast, this rainforest includes a range of species including Cupaniopsis anacardioides,<br />
Ficus spp., Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia and Acmena smithii.<br />
2.1.2 Wet sclerophyll forests<br />
The sclerophyll forests are dominated by trees of the Myrtaceae family, particularly of the<br />
genera Eucalyptus, Angophora, Corymbia, Syncarpia and Lophostemon, and dominate much of the<br />
landscape of the study area. The dominant tree species tend to have smaller, hard leaves and<br />
be adapted to varying extents to the occurrence of wild fires (Keith 2004). The wet sclerophyll<br />
forests are restricted to areas of higher rainfall and moderate fertility and often include a dense<br />
understorey of soft-leaved rainforest shrubs and small trees in moister situations (shrubby subformation).<br />
In drier situations these forests may have an open, grassy understorey (grassy subformation)<br />
with a sparse, sclerophyllous shrub layer. Seven classes of wet sclerophyll forest are<br />
recognised as occurring in this region (Keith 2002):<br />
➜ northern tablelands wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation): Restricted to<br />
the tablelands above around 800 m in the north-east of the area, these open forests are<br />
dominated by species such as Eucalyptus cameronii, E. campanulata and E. obliqua.<br />
➜ Southern tablelands wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation): Within the study<br />
area these forests are restricted to isolated patches in the central tablelands of the southwest.<br />
This class is typically dominated by Eucalyptus bridgesiana, E. bicostata and E.<br />
viminalis.<br />
➜ northern hinterland wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation): Relatively<br />
common over much of the north-east and parts of the Central Coast in the south-east<br />
on low ranges and foothills on the coastal hinterland of the study area. This canopy<br />
is dominated by a range of species including Eucalyptus microcorys, E. pilularis and<br />
Syncarpia glomulifera.<br />
➜ Southern lowland wet sclerophyll forests (grassy subformation): Restricted to a small<br />
area on the Central Coast in the far south-east of the study on coastal sands and sandstone.<br />
This forest is dominated by species including Corymbia maculata, E. botryoides and Syncarpia<br />
glomulifera, and often includes an understorey dominated by Macrozamia communis.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
➜ north Coast wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to the northeast,<br />
near coastal part of the study area. The canopy is dominated by species such as<br />
Eucalyptus saligna, E. microcorys and E. acmenoides.<br />
➜ northern escarpment wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to the<br />
escarpment and ranges in the north-east of the study area. The canopy is dominated by<br />
species including Eucalyptus campanulata, E. laevopinea and E. microcorys.<br />
➜ Southern escarpment wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to a<br />
small area of escarpment on the central tablelands in the far south-west of the study area.<br />
This class is typically dominated by species such as Eucalyptus fastigata, E. cypellocarpa and<br />
E. viminalis.<br />
2.1.3 Dry sclerophyll forests<br />
These open forests occur over large areas of the study area and include a wide range of structural<br />
and floristic types. In general they occur on poorer substrates and relatively drier situations<br />
than the wet sclerophyll forests. On moderately poor soils these forests may develop a dense,<br />
grassy understorey with a more open shrub layer (shrub / grass subformation) while on the<br />
poorest substrates (sands and sandstones) a dense, sclerophyllous shrub layer dominates. Fire<br />
often plays an important role in the ecology of these forests (Keith 2004). Fourteen classes of dry<br />
sclerophyll forest are recognised by this classification within the study area:<br />
➜ north-West Slopes dry sclerophyll woodlands (shrub / grass subformation): Restricted<br />
in the study area to hilly country on the Liverpool Range and Western Slopes in the<br />
north-west and west, this class is dominated by Eucalyptus albens, Callitris glaucophylla<br />
and Brachychiton populneus.<br />
➜ Sydney Coastal dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to the<br />
Sydney sandstone areas in the south-east of the study area, this class is dominated by<br />
Angophora costata, Eucalyptus piperita and Corymbia gummifera and often develops a highly<br />
diverse, dense, heathy understorey.<br />
➜ Sydney hinterland dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Also restricted to<br />
Sydney sandstone but in less coastal, drier situations, this class has a more open, less<br />
diverse shrub layer and a canopy dominated by Angophora bakeri, Corymbia eximia and<br />
Eucalyptus sparsifolia among other species.<br />
➜ Sydney Montane dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to higher<br />
altitude areas on Sydney sandstone in the south-west of the study area, canopy dominants<br />
include Eucalyptus oreades, E. piperita and E. sieberi.<br />
➜ Coastal dune dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to coastal<br />
dunes, this class is typically dominated by Angophora costata, Eucalyptus pilularis and<br />
Corymbia gummifera.<br />
➜ northern escarpment dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to<br />
the escarpment and higher slopes to the north of the study area, this class is typically<br />
dominated by Eucalyptus cameronii, E. campanulata and E. calliginosa.<br />
➜ northern tableland dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted in the<br />
study area to higher altitude sites on the Northern Tablelands and Liverpool Range in<br />
the north. The characteristic canopy species include Eucalyptus andrewsii, E. dealbata and<br />
Callitris endlicheri.<br />
➜ Southern tablelands dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted within<br />
10
11<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
the study area to a small area in the south-west, this class is dominated by a range of<br />
species including Eucalyptus rossii, E. dalrypleana, E. blakelyi and E. goniocalyx.<br />
➜ Western Slopes dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Found over a relatively<br />
wide area in the west of the study area, particularly around the Goulburn River and<br />
northern Wollemi areas. The indicative canopy species found in this class include<br />
Eucalyptus dealbata, E. sideroxylon, Callitris endlicheri and E. crebra.<br />
➜ Sydney Sand flats dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby subformation): Restricted to old<br />
alluvial and aeolian sand deposits on the Hawkesbury, Hunter and Goulburn river valleys;<br />
canopy dominants include Eucalyptus parramattensis, Angophora bakeri and E. sclerophylla,<br />
and the shrubby understorey often includes species of Banksia and Hakea.<br />
➜ northern gorge dry sclerophyll forests (shrub / grass subformation): Mainly restricted<br />
to the gorge country of the escarpment in the north of the study area; canopy dominants<br />
include Eucalyptus eugenioides and Corymbia intermedia on the steeper slopes and<br />
E. tereticornis and E. mollucana on lower slopes.<br />
➜ new england dry sclerophyll forests (shrub / grass subformation): Restricted to the New<br />
England Tableland and slopes in the north of the study area, this class is dominated by a<br />
range of species including Eucalyptus calliginosa, E. nobilis and E. pauciflora.<br />
➜ hunter–Macleay dry sclerophyll forests (shrub / grass subformation): This class is<br />
common across much of the study area and is represented by a number of different<br />
communities; common dominant canopy species include Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus<br />
crebra, E. fibrosa, E. propinqua and E. punctata.<br />
➜ upper riverina dry sclerophyll forests (shrub / grass subformation): Restricted to a very<br />
small area in the western Blue Mountains in the far south-west of the study area, the canopy<br />
dominants include Eucalyptus albens, E. nortonii and E. polyanthemos subsp. polyanthemos.<br />
2.1.4 Grassy woodlands<br />
This formation is a prominent feature of the landscape over much of the drier (500 to 900 mm)<br />
parts of the study area on soils of medium to high fertility, and is characterised by an open to<br />
very open canopy dominated by eucalypts, particularly various box and red gum species. The<br />
ground layer is typically dense and composed of a diverse range of tussock grasses and other<br />
grasses and herbs. Much of the original extent of this formation has been cleared, primarily for<br />
agricultural purposes (Keith 2004).<br />
➜ tableland Clay grassy woodlands: Restricted within the study area to the higher altitude<br />
areas of the Barrington Tops, Northern Tablelands and Liverpool Range.<br />
➜ new england grassy woodlands: Restricted in the study area to the New England area<br />
in the north and scattered occurrences on higher sites in the Wollemi area to the south.<br />
➜ Western Slopes grassy woodlands: Common across much of the western parts of the<br />
study area including the Merriwa Plateau, Goulburn River and northern Wollemi areas.<br />
➜ Subalpine woodlands: Restricted to elevations between 1000 m and the physiological<br />
limit of tree growth around 1800 m, these woodlands occur within the study area only<br />
on the higher altitude areas of the Northern Tablelands and Barrington Tops to the north.<br />
The canopy is generally dominated by Eucalyptus pauciflora with E. stellulata and E.<br />
dalrympleana also common.<br />
➜ Coastal Valley grassy woodlands: Restricted to drier (700 to 1000 mm) near-coastal valleys<br />
this class is made up of a range of communities. Dominant canopy species commonly
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
include Eucalyptus tereticornis, Angophora floribunda and Corymbia maculata.<br />
➜ Southern tableland grassy woodlands: Restricted to a similar small zone in the southwest<br />
of the study area as the Southern Tablelands dry sclerophyll forests at elevations<br />
over 600 m, and with similar dominants, but a more low, open canopy. Dominant canopy<br />
species often include Eucalyptus blakelyi, E. melliodora and E. macrorhyncha.<br />
2.1.5 Grasslands<br />
Native grasslands predominate in areas of lower rainfall, moderately to highly fertile clay<br />
soils and low topographical relief (Keith 2004). These communities are characterised by a<br />
predominance of tussock grass species and a relative absence of woody species. Grasslands<br />
occur from the coastal plain to the drier inland and into montane areas; however, they become<br />
more common and widespread in the more inland parts of the study area. Only two classes of<br />
natural, native grasslands are recognised by Keith (2002) within the region:<br />
➜ Western Slopes grasslands: Restricted within the study area to the heavy clay plains<br />
of the Liverpool Plains region in the north-west, this class is characterised by dense<br />
growth of tall tussock grasses and is commonly dominated by Austrostipa aristiglumis as<br />
well as a number of other species, including Dichanthium sericeum and Austrodanthonia<br />
bipartite.<br />
➜ Maritime grasslands: Restricted to coastal headlands, dunal systems and off-shore<br />
islands, these grasslands may occur as closed tussock grasslands on rocky headlands<br />
and islands or as sparse, open grasslands on areas of sand. Dominant species in this class<br />
include Themeda australis, Sporobolus virginicus and Lomandra longifolia.<br />
2.1.6 Heathlands<br />
Ecologically similar to the shrubby subformation of dry sclerophyll forests, heathlands are,<br />
however, characterised by a general lack of tree species. This formation occurs typically on<br />
low-nutrient, silica-rich soils and many of the common species have adapted in various ways<br />
to acquiring trace amounts of nutrients and water from these soils. One such adaptation is the<br />
presence of proteoid root structures in many heathland shrubs which allow them to capture<br />
phosphorus and other nutrients unavailable to other plants. Within the study area four classes<br />
of heathland have been recognised by Keith (2002) and occur in isolated patches from the coastal<br />
sands and sandstone areas to rocky montane areas. Heathlands have often been left relatively<br />
intact as they tend to occur on less productive lands.<br />
➜ Wallum Sand heaths: Restricted to near coastal sand masses and more common in<br />
the north of the study area this class is dominated by shrubs such as Banksia aemula,<br />
Leptospermum spp., Melaleuca spp. and Monotoca scoparia. A range of low mallee trees or<br />
tall shrubs may also occur as emergents.<br />
➜ Sydney Coastal heaths: Restricted to the Sydney sandstone coastal plateaux in the southeast<br />
of the study area, this highly diverse heath is dominated by a range of shrub species<br />
including Allocasuarina distyla, Banksia oblongifolia and Hakea teretifolia.<br />
➜ Sydney Montane heaths: Restricted within the study area to a small area of the western<br />
Blue Mountains on sandstone in the far south-west, this class is typically dominated by<br />
shrubs including Allocasuarina nana, Leptospermum trinervium and Banksia ericifolia.<br />
➜ Coastal headland heaths: Restricted to exposed coastal headlands within the salt-<br />
12
13<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
spray zone, this class is less floristically diverse than other heathlands classes. Common<br />
dominant shrubs include Leptospermum laevigatum, Allocasuarina distyla and Banksia<br />
integrifolia subsp. integrifolia.<br />
2.1.7 Freshwater wetlands<br />
Freshwater wetlands occur on areas where perennial or permanent inundation by water, either<br />
still or moving, dominates ecological processes. They occur in a range of environments where<br />
local relief and drainage result in open surface water at least part of the time and often play a<br />
range of vital roles in the functioning of ecosystems. The periodicity and duration of inundation<br />
in wetlands often determines to a large extent the suite of species present as do the extent<br />
and depth of water. Within the study area, three separate classes of freshwater wetlands are<br />
recognised as occurring by Keith (2002):<br />
➜ Coastal heath swamps: Restricted to local depressions of impeded drainage on coastal<br />
sands or sandstone areas this class may include some similar species to the drier coastal<br />
heathlands, however, they differ in the predominance of sedge species. Common species<br />
associated with this class include Banksia spp., Gleichenia dicarpa, Baumea rubiginosa and<br />
Leptocarpus tenax.<br />
➜ Montane bogs and fens: Restricted to the montane areas of the Barrington Tops and<br />
Northern Tablelands in the north of the study area, bogs occur typically on poorly<br />
drained, acidic soils derived from siliceous parent materials. They are often dominated<br />
by sclerophyllous shrubs such as Leptospermum spp., Callistemon spp., Hakea spp. and<br />
sedges including Carex spp. Fens, conversely, commonly occur on richer soils derived<br />
from basalts or shales and are dominated by grasses and sedges with few shrubs.<br />
➜ Coastal freshwater lagoons: Restricted to near-coastal floodplains and sandplains this<br />
class is commonly made up of a mosaic of open water, sedgeland and herbfield. Common<br />
species include sedges such as Baumea articulata, Cladium procerum, Eleocharis sphacelata<br />
and floating aquatic herbs such as Azolla filiculoides and Spirodella punctata.<br />
2.1.8 Forested wetlands<br />
This formation is made up of various wetlands dominated by tree species occurring on major<br />
riverine corridors and floodplains. These communities are dominated by sclerophyllous species<br />
similar to those in drier sclerophyll communities, but with hydrophilic species dominating an<br />
inundated understorey. Three classes of forested wetlands are recognised as occurring within<br />
the study area:<br />
➜ Coastal swamp forests: Restricted to low-lying coastal areas, this class is characterised<br />
by the predominance of paperbark species. Typical canopy species include Melaleuca<br />
quinquenervia, Eucalyptus robusta and Callistemon salignus with ferns species including<br />
Blechnum spp. and sedges often common in the understorey.<br />
➜ Coastal floodplain wetlands: Restricted to remnants on wide coastal floodplains this<br />
class may be dominated by a range of eucalypt species including Eucalyptus grandis, E.<br />
robusta and Angophora floribunda and the understorey tends to be dominated by sedge-like<br />
species.<br />
➜ eastern riverine forests: Restricted to the larger riverine corridors on the hinterland and<br />
further inland this class is dominated by Casuarina cunninghamiana, although in partially
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
saline areas such as parts of the Hunter Valley this species may be replaced by Casuarina<br />
glauca. Common understorey shrubs include Melicytus denatatus, Glochidion ferdinandi and<br />
Tristaniopsis laurina.<br />
2.1.9 Saline wetlands<br />
These wetlands occur on areas of impeded drainage with high levels of salt, such as estuarine<br />
areas or inland lakes where high levels of evaporation lead to the accumulation of surface<br />
salts, and are dominated by halophilic species. Three classes of saline wetlands, all coastal, are<br />
recognised as occurring within the study area:<br />
➜ Seagrass meadows: Restricted to permanently inundated parts of coastal estuaries and<br />
bays this class is dominated (often in monotypic stands) by the sea grasses Posidonia<br />
australis and Zostera capricorni.<br />
➜ Mangrove swamps: Restricted to coastal estuaries this class is typically a low, closed<br />
forest dominated within the study area by one or sometime two species of mangrove tree.<br />
The dominant mangrove tree species within the study area are Avicennia marina subsp.<br />
australasica and Aegicerus corniculatum. Various saltmarsh species may also be common<br />
within mangrove communities.<br />
➜ Saltmarshes: Mainly restricted to estuarine mudflats which are periodically inundated<br />
and where evaporation levels cause salts to accumulate at the surface these communities<br />
are dominated by various halophilic species including Sarcocornia quinqueflora, Samolus<br />
repens, Suaeda australis and Sporobolus virginicus.<br />
2.2 Previous studies of the region’s vegetation<br />
Numerous vegetation studies, some including classification and mapping, have been carried<br />
out either on large areas including part or whole of this study’s area or on smaller areas partly<br />
or wholly included in this study’s area. A comprehensive overview of this literature is beyond<br />
the scope of this study, however, those of particular importance are briefly outlined below.<br />
These studies have either been used to assist in interpretation of the classification work described<br />
in this report or have gained general acceptance in some areas and hence it was important to<br />
attempt to investigate equivalencies with the communities described in the current study.<br />
2.2.1 Major studies covering the study area<br />
australian Native Vegetation assessment 2001 (Cofinas & Creighton 2001)<br />
The Australian Native Vegetation Assessment, carried out in 2001 as a part of the National<br />
Land and Water Resource Audit, identified 22 major vegetation groups (MVGs) in New South<br />
Wales, further divided into 67 major vegetation subgroups (MVSs) (Cofinas & Creighton 2001).<br />
An update of this classification, carried out in 2005, revised this to 23 MVGs. This vegetation<br />
assessment process also resulted in the development of the National Vegetation Information<br />
System (NVIS), which includes a database of over 9000 distinct vegetation types (Cofinas<br />
& Creighton 2001). The NVIS developed standards for classifying and naming vegetation<br />
communities at various scales, as well as standards for the type and format of information to<br />
be included in vegetation classifications. This study uses the NVIS as the basis for defining and<br />
naming communities at an appropriate scale.<br />
14
15<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
Forests Types in New South Wales: Research Note 17 (Forestry Commission of NSW 1989)<br />
The New South Wales forest types study was based on a floristic classification of over-storey<br />
species and describes a total of 184 native vegetation types as well as six non-native and three<br />
non-vegetated units. The study has limitations for use in the present study as it was developed<br />
primarily for timber production and focuses mainly on forest communities and less on shrublands<br />
and non-woody communities. However, the forest types scheme has been widely used and forms<br />
the basis for many of the communities identified through the New South Wales Comprehensive<br />
Regional Assessment (see below). That scheme has been used in the current study to assist in the<br />
interpretation of woody communities and the relationships between them.<br />
New South Wales Comprehensive Regional assessment: Forest ecosystem<br />
classification and mapping for Upper and Lower North east CRa regions (NPWS CRa<br />
Unit 1999a)<br />
A classification of forest ecosystems was carried out by the NPWS CRA Unit in 1999 as a part<br />
of the Comprehensive Regional Assessment study. The study identified a total of 157 forest<br />
ecosystems, 141 of which were eucalypt dominated. Many of these eucalypt-dominated<br />
communities were identified by splitting or amalgamating forest types; 43 forest types were<br />
included without modification (NPWS 1999a). As the methodology of the study relied heavily<br />
on the data and classification of forest types, the forest ecosystem classification has limited<br />
application for non-commercial forest types and non-woody ecosystems in general. However,<br />
as with forest types, many subsequent, finer scale studies have used the forest ecosystems<br />
classification as a basis for further division of vegetation communities; therefore, the current<br />
study had to take forest ecosystems classification into account when analysing relationships<br />
with communities identified through other studies.<br />
a Compliation Map of Native Vegetation for New South Wales (Keith 2002)<br />
The compilation map of native vegetation is developing a consistent vegetation classification<br />
for New South Wales based on a compilation of numerous regional studies and is periodically<br />
updated. It lists 16 vegetation formations, which are further divided into 99 classes. The work<br />
is described in detail in Ocean shores to desert dunes: the native vegetation of New South Wales and<br />
the ACT (Keith 2004). The vegetation classification is currently the most widely used state-wide<br />
and, therefore, has been used as a broad-scale basis for the current vegetation classification<br />
and mapping project. Where possible communities described in the current study have been<br />
equated to formations and classes described in the compilation map, however, in some cases<br />
this has not been possible and some suggested equivalencies are more precise than others.<br />
New South Wales Vegetation Classification and assessment (Benson 2006)<br />
New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment (NSWVCA) is an ongoing project,<br />
being carried out by staff at the Botanic Gardens Trust, which aims to develop a comprehensive<br />
classification of native vegetation across the state as well as an assessment of the conservation<br />
significance of vegetation communities. The project also aims to compile this state-wide<br />
classification into a database to allow the information to be conveniently accessed and analysed<br />
(Benson 2000). Work on this large project has been divided into four parts:<br />
part 1 (largely completed): covers the New South Wales Western Plains<br />
part 2 (currently in early stages of development): to cover the New South Wales Western<br />
Slopes
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
part 3: to cover the New South Wales Tablelands<br />
part 4: to cover the Eastern Escarpment and coastal zone of New South Wales<br />
Classifications are being developed for each area based on existing available classifications and<br />
mapping, or from new surveys and analyses where information is insufficient. Although the<br />
NSWVCA has not yet undertaken work in the current vegetation classification and mapping<br />
project area, the current study has tried to achieve consistency in its naming and describing of<br />
communities with the database of the NSWVCA project.<br />
australian Rainforests in New South Wales (Floyd 1990)<br />
In this work Floyd completed a rainforest classification for New South Wales which intuitively<br />
divided rainforests into four subformations based on structure and physiognomy and further<br />
delineates 13 alliances and 57 suballiances based on florisitcs. This work has gained considerable<br />
acceptance as a rainforest classification and was taken into account in interpreting rainforest<br />
communities in the present study. Where possible rainforest communities in the present study<br />
have been related to alliances or suballiances within Floyd’s scheme.<br />
2.2.2 Subregional studies within the study area<br />
General Report on the Lands of the Hunter Valley (Story et al. 1963)<br />
A study of the geology, landforms, climate and vegetation of the Hunter Valley was carried<br />
out by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and published in<br />
General Report on the Lands of the Hunter Valley, Land Research Series No. 8 (Story et al. 1963). This<br />
study included the Hunter Valley and Lake Macquarie area and divided the region up into 43<br />
‘Land Systems’. As a part of this study, Story undertook a detailed assessment of the region’s<br />
native vegetation (Story 1963). The report identifies 16 broad ‘vegetation types’ occurring in<br />
the region and provides a description of the composition, structure and distribution of each.<br />
This report was used mainly to provide a broad overview of the region’s vegetation to assist in<br />
understanding the relationships between communities.<br />
Vegetation Survey, Classificiation and Mapping, Lower Hunter and Central Coast<br />
Region (NPWS 2000)<br />
A vegetation classification and mapping project was undertaken by the NSW NPWS CRA Unit<br />
on behalf of Hunter Councils Environment Division as part of the Lower Hunter and Central<br />
Coast Regional Environmental Management Strategy (L<strong>HCCREMS</strong>). Originally carried out in<br />
2000 and updated in 2003, the study area included the seven local government areas involved<br />
in the development of the L<strong>HCCREMS</strong>: Maitland, Cessnock, Port Stephens, Newcastle, Lake<br />
Macquarie, Wyong and Gosford. The classification analysed 2360 sites and the final scheme<br />
recognised 55 vegetation communities.<br />
The L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> classification and mapping are currently widely used by local governments<br />
and other organisations and individuals in the area covered by the project. The current study<br />
area includes the entire L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> area, and it was considered essential, given the level of<br />
acceptance of the L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> scheme, that the relationships between vegetation units in this<br />
study and those of the L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> study be investigated.<br />
16
17<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
The Vegetation of the Central Hunter Valley, New South Wales (Peake 2006)<br />
The Vegetation of the Central Hunter Valley study was carried out on behalf of the HCRCMA.<br />
The project conducted vegetation surveys, classification and mapping and recognised 36 units<br />
(including plantations) across that area. As with the L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> classification, this scheme has<br />
achieved wide usage over the area that it covers, and an analysis of relationships between this<br />
scheme and the regional classification was seen as an important element of the current study.<br />
The Natural Vegetation of the Gosford Local Government area (Bell 2004c)<br />
A study of the vegetation of the Gosford LGA was carried out on behalf of the Gosford<br />
City Council. Surveys, classification and mapping were conducted. A total of 46 vegetation<br />
communities and subcommunities were identified through cluster analyses, with a further 12<br />
subsequently delineated. This work has gained a degree of acceptance and usage in the Gosford<br />
LGA and consideration was given to its classification in the current work.<br />
The Natural Vegetation of the Wyong Local Government area (Bell 2002)<br />
As with the Gosford vegetation study described above, this project was carried out on behalf<br />
of the Wyong Shire Council and covers its local government area. This study delineated 42<br />
vegetation communities based on cluster analyses of floristic data. This work was important to<br />
understanding vegetation community relationships in the Wyong area revealed by the present<br />
study.<br />
Vegetation of Regional Significance on the New South Wales Central Coast (McCauley et<br />
al. 2006)<br />
This project was undertaken under stage 1 of the current vegetation classification and mapping<br />
project. Vegetation surveys, classification and mapping were carried out for the three Central<br />
Coast council areas of Lake Macquarie, Gosford and Wyong. A total of 58 vegetation communities<br />
were delineated. This classification work was taken into consideration during interpretation of<br />
the current work.<br />
The Vegetation of the Western Blue Mountains (DeCC 2006)<br />
This project was carried out by the Information and Assessment Section, Metropolitan Branch,<br />
Environment Protection and Regulation Division of the Department of Environment and<br />
Conservation (now the Department of Environment and Climate Change). Fifty-eight vegetation<br />
communities were delineated and described for the western Blue Mountains area. As significant<br />
amounts of that area are included within the present study and a number of unique vegetation<br />
communities occur there, this work was important to the present study.<br />
Other subregional scale studies<br />
Vegetation mapping and classification carried out on various other parts of the study area<br />
were taken into account when working on the present classification scheme. These include<br />
the National Vegetation Mapping Program (NVMP) managed by the Department of Natural<br />
Resources, which has mapped several areas at a scale of 1:100 000, including areas in the northwest<br />
of the current study area. The Royal Botanic Gardens has undertaken similar classification<br />
and mapping projects, for example, the 1:100 000 vegetation map series covering the Merriwa,<br />
Howes Valley and Gosford–Lake Macquarie mapsheets (Benson 1986; Benson & Howell nd;<br />
McRae & Cooper 1985). The local government areas of Greater Taree and Great Lakes have
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
conducted vegetation mapping projects based on divisions of the forest ecosystems classification<br />
(NPWS 1999a).<br />
2.2.3 Location-specific or species-specific studies within the<br />
study area<br />
A number of studies of vegetation patterns have been undertaken over the years—in particular<br />
in small areas such as nature reserves—on specific vegetation types such as Wallum or on<br />
specific species. Data from these studies was used often in the current classification work and<br />
such studies often provide a useful context to the floristic data studied. In addition, information<br />
on fine-scale vegetation patterns, disturbance regimes and other factors can often be found in<br />
fine-scale studies such as these. Although a detailed discussion of such studies is beyond the<br />
scope of this work some of the key reports are listed below (full references are included in the<br />
bibliography):<br />
➜ Vegetation survey of Brisbane Water National Park and environs (Benson & Fallding<br />
1981)<br />
➜ The vegetation of the Eurunderee Sand Mass, headlands and previous islands in the<br />
Myall Lakes area, NSW (Myerscough & Carolin 1986)<br />
➜ Preliminary report on the vegetation of Yengo National Park and Parr State Recreation<br />
Area (Sanders et al. 1988)<br />
➜ Classification of Nothofagus moorei communities in Northern New South Wales (Bale &<br />
Williams 1993)<br />
➜ Yengo National Park and Parr State Recreation Area: for use in fire management (Bell et<br />
al. 1993)<br />
➜ Vegetation map of Munmorah State Recreation Area (Payne 1994)<br />
➜ Flora survey Gloucester and Chichester Management Areas, Central Region, New South<br />
Wales (Binns 1995)<br />
➜ Flora survey, Morisset Forestry District, Central Region, New South Wales (Binns 1996)<br />
➜ Vegetation survey for Wamberal Lagoon Nature Reserve, Wyrrabalong National Park<br />
and Munmorah State Recreation Area (Payne 1997)<br />
➜ Tomaree National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document (Bell 1997a)<br />
➜ Vegetation survey and mapping of Crown Land, south of Manobalai Nature Reserve,<br />
Upper Hunter Valley (Bell 1997b)<br />
➜ Dungog biological diversity study (ERM Mitchell McCotter 1997)<br />
➜ Wollemi National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document (Bell 1998c)<br />
➜ Lake Macquarie SRA, Pulbah Island Nature Reserve, Tingira Heights NR: vegetation<br />
survey: a fire management document (Bell 1998a)<br />
➜ Popran National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document (Bell 1998b)<br />
➜ Unpublished field survey data completed for Persoonia pauciflora undertaken for NPWS<br />
(NPWS 1999b)<br />
➜ Dungog vegetation and biodiversity study (Greenwood 1999)<br />
➜ Vegetation and flora of Booti Booti National Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve, Lower<br />
North Coast of New South Wales (Griffith et al. 2000)<br />
➜ Ecological significance of Bow-Wow Creek Gorge, Mulbring, Hunter Valley, New South<br />
Wales: a nationally significant site (Bell & Murray 2001)<br />
➜ Vegetation assessment for the Thornton Master Plan, Maitland (Bell 2003)<br />
18
19<br />
CHaPTeR 2 Vegetation of the study area<br />
➜ Vegetation of Werakata National Park, Hunter Valley, New South Wales (Bell 2004d)<br />
➜ Distribution and habitat of the vulnerable tree species, Angophora inopina (Myrtaceae),<br />
Central Coast of New South Wales (Bell 2004b)<br />
➜ Vegetation of montane bogs in east-flowing catchments, Northern New England, New<br />
South Wales (Hunter & Bell 2007)<br />
➜ Wallum and related vegetation on the NSW North Coast: description and phytosociological<br />
analysis, North Coast of New South Wales (Griffith et al. 2003) & Wallum on the Nabiac<br />
Pleistocene barriers, Lower North Coast of New South Wales (Griffith & Wilson 2007)<br />
➜ The native vegetation of Yengo and Parr Reserves and surrounds (DECC 2008b)
CHaPTeR 3<br />
Method of data collection<br />
and analysis<br />
3.1 Data audit and evaluation<br />
3.1.1 Background<br />
Historically, vegetation has been classified and mapped using various techniques. Sun et al.<br />
(1997) found that four main classification systems have been used in Australia; they include:<br />
➜ plant physiognomy: the general external appearance such as tree, shrub and fern<br />
➜ plant structure: the vertical height and horizontal cover<br />
➜ species composition<br />
➜ environmental variations<br />
However, regardless of which vegetation classification system is used most are informed by<br />
floristic records which have resulted from vegetation surveys. Vegetation surveys provide a<br />
snapshot of the environment: the plant species that occur at a particular place and a particular<br />
time. Such information provides quantitative data that can be numerically analysed by<br />
sophisticated software programs to detect vegetation patterns that may not be easily<br />
recognised by the human eye. Expert opinion often guides the analyses but the end product<br />
relies on the quality of the data: the accuracy and completeness of species records, as well<br />
as the even distribution and density of surveys across an area. Hence, in order to generate a<br />
vegetation classification system and map, a comprehensive data audit is required; when all<br />
existing datasets that meet minimum standards are collated, areas that require further survey<br />
work can be identified.<br />
This section outlines the methodology used to collate and evaluate existing vegetation surveys<br />
conducted in the Hunter Central Lower North Coast (HCLNC) region. The data audit will<br />
directly contribute towards the development of a regional vegetation classification and map.<br />
The full results of the survey data audit are presented in volume 3 of this report (<strong>HCCREMS</strong><br />
2008b).<br />
20
3.1.2 Data audit objectives<br />
The objectives of the data audit were to:<br />
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
➜ expand on vegetation survey data collated and evaluated by previous <strong>HCCREMS</strong> and<br />
HCRCMA vegetation mapping projects<br />
➜ gain access to new or previously unavailable vegetation survey work completed in the<br />
HCLNC region<br />
➜ evaluate vegetation survey datasets and determine possible application to the Hunter,<br />
Central and Lower North Coast Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project<br />
➜ identify vegetation survey data gaps for future survey work<br />
➜ develop a preliminary plant species inventory for the region<br />
3.1.3 Data collation<br />
The aim of the data audit was<br />
to collate all existing vegetation<br />
data (e.g. maps and surveys) and<br />
related documentation applicable<br />
to an area within the coordinates of<br />
a bounding box that encapsulated<br />
the HCLNC study area (Figure 3.1).<br />
However, the main focus was on<br />
digital systematic vegetation survey<br />
datasets. A systematic vegetation<br />
survey is a survey that records all<br />
vascular plant species in addition to<br />
providing a detailed account of the<br />
vegetation diversity and condition<br />
within a defined plot. This type of<br />
data was sought as it provides the<br />
quantitative data needed to classify<br />
Figure F igur e 3.1. 3.1. Hunter Hu nter Central C entra Lower l L North ower Coast N ort h study C oast area st udy<br />
vegetation communities.<br />
ar ea<br />
Compilation was initially assisted by audits completed by previous <strong>HCCREMS</strong> vegetation<br />
classification and mapping projects (NPWS 2000 & McCauley 2006b). Additional datasets were<br />
sourced from biological databases (NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change<br />
(DECC) and HCRCMA version of the YETI database (see below)), data directories (Community<br />
Access to Natural Resources Information), local government agencies, botanists, and relevant<br />
scientific literature. Previous audits undertaken by Bell (2002, 2004d, 2004c), Bell and Palmer<br />
(2000), NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (2002, 2003a), Palmer and Bonjer (1998) and<br />
Peake (2006) were also cited.<br />
3.1.4 Data integration<br />
All vegetation survey datasets collated were integrated into Hunter Councils Environment<br />
Division (HCED) YETI database, which is underpinned by Microsoft Office Access ‘Yet Another<br />
Vegetation Survey Database’, also known as ‘YETI’ (Bedward et al. 2007). The YETI database is<br />
a relational database that stores all systematic vegetation surveys in six main tables:<br />
21
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
1. Survey table: provides a general description of the survey, such as date, organisation<br />
responsible for data collation, survey methodology used and who to contact to obtain<br />
access to the data<br />
2. Sites table: provides mainly locality and spatial information, such as geographic and<br />
projected coordinates<br />
3. Site Sample table: provides information on the physical environment as well as any<br />
evidence of disturbance<br />
4. floristic data table: contains information on the species recorded at a plot site, including<br />
strata, growth form, cover and abundance<br />
5. Vegetation Structure detail table: records the dominant species per strata<br />
6. Vegetation Structure Summary table: provides information on vegetation strata height<br />
and percentage cover at a plot site<br />
The data were integrated into the HCED YETI database and then imported into a Geographical<br />
Information System (GIS) excluding all plot sites located outside the HCLNC study area<br />
(Figure 3.1). Only vegetation survey datasets that contained plot sites within the HCLNC study<br />
area were profiled according to a format used by NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service<br />
to evaluate vegetation survey datasets during its Comprehensive Coastal Assessment (NPWS<br />
2003a) (Table 3.1).<br />
3.1.5 Data evaluation<br />
All data collated in the data audit process were screened for suitability for the gap analysis and<br />
final classification scheme. The following was carried out to produce a dataset, suitable for the<br />
classification process, which would then go to the expert review panel:<br />
➜ removal of sites without full floristic information<br />
➜ removal of all duplicate sites (a complicated process given that many site names had been<br />
changed during previous compilations of survey datasets)<br />
➜ identification of sites with no, or incorrect, coordinates—these sites were retained for the<br />
classification work but will be withheld from any future mapping or modelling work<br />
➜ identification of all non-standard surveys (i.e. non-systematic, non-quadrat–based or<br />
different quadrat size, etc.)<br />
➜ identification of repeat surveys<br />
3.2 Gap analysis and site selection<br />
3.2.1 Addressing minimum standards<br />
The primary aim of site selection for vegetation community classification and mapping is to<br />
sample the full range of floristic variability within a study area and within the constraints of<br />
access, time and funding. The process typically involves a scheme of environmental stratification<br />
based on variables considered to be key determinants of vegetation patterns (i.e. climate, soil<br />
fertility, aspect, etc.). It is important to note, however, that the sampling approach will also be<br />
influenced by the scale of the vegetation mapping or classification: more or less data will be<br />
required to address fine-scale or coarse-scale outputs, respectively. Table 3.2 lists examples of<br />
previous vegetation surveys of varying scales for comparing to the approach described in this<br />
report.<br />
22
Table 3.1. Vegetation survey dataset proforma<br />
Survey ID: [Code for the flora survey dataset]<br />
Description: [a brief overview of the flora survey<br />
dataset]<br />
Survey year(s): [Year or years the survey was conducted]<br />
Total plots: [the total number of survey sites collated<br />
for the study]<br />
CMAVEG2 plots: [the number of survey sites in the<br />
dataset that lie within the CmaVeG2<br />
study area]<br />
Custodian: [the person or organisation who is the<br />
first point of contact for those wishing to<br />
access the data]<br />
Principal(s): [the person or organisation/s responsible<br />
for collecting the data]<br />
Reference: [reports or journal articles that relate to<br />
the flora survey dataset]<br />
Survey methodology<br />
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
23<br />
[Map outlining the distribution of plots<br />
within the HCLNC study area]<br />
Survey type: [the bounding outline of the survey area, e.g. quadrat, circular, traverse]<br />
Method notes: [method used to sample vegetation at a plot site]<br />
Plot size: [Dimensions of the plot site where applicable]<br />
Location accuracy: [accuracy of the plot location]<br />
Floristic data<br />
Spp. recorded: [Species recorded, e.g. full floristics, canopy species only]<br />
Av. spp. per site: [the mean number of species calculated based on total plot sites collected]<br />
Min. spp. per site: [the minimum number of species calculated based on total plot sites collected]<br />
Max. spp. per site: [the maximum number of species calculated based on total plot sited collected]<br />
Score system: [States the cover-abundance scoring system used for the survey effort]<br />
Scores used: [the actual scores used]<br />
Data application<br />
[States the possible application of the plot sites in the vegetation classification and mapping project]<br />
Veg. comm. analysis: [Number of plot sites that could be used in vegetation community analysis. these<br />
plot sites had full floristics but did not require specific locations (i.e. eastings and<br />
northings).]<br />
Veg. modeling: [Number of plot sites that could be used in vegetation modeling. these plot sites had<br />
full floristics and specific locations.]<br />
Other: [Number of plots that may be used for validating analysis results. these plot sites did<br />
not require full floristics or specific locations.]<br />
Structural Information [Calculation based on CmaVeG2 plot sites]<br />
Dom. spp. per strata: [Number of plot sites with dominant species information data]<br />
Stratum height / % cover: [Number of plots sites with vegetation strata height and % cover data]
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 3.2. Sampling strategies for other vegetation survey and mapping projects<br />
Project Intended scale Method<br />
This project Regional Three-tiered approach:<br />
1. Regional scale based on environmental variables (aspect,<br />
rainfall, solar radiation, slope, substrate fertility and<br />
temperature)<br />
2. Subregional scale based on canopy variability as determined by<br />
unsupervised classification of SPOT5 imagery<br />
3. Local (coastal) scale based on Quaternary geology<br />
Native<br />
Vegetation<br />
Mapping<br />
Project<br />
North Coast<br />
(Sherringham<br />
et al. 2008<br />
Regional<br />
1:100 000<br />
LHCCReMS Subregional<br />
1:25 000<br />
Landscape was stratified by intersecting the following three strata<br />
layers within arcview 3.2 GIS:<br />
1. Geology<br />
2. elevation<br />
3. Terrain unit: combination of aspect and slope variables<br />
a digital layer distinguishing areas of ‘woody’, ‘non-woody’ and<br />
‘non-native vegetation’ was used as a mask to exclude non-woody<br />
and non-native vegetation from the stratification process.<br />
Regional Sites were randomly selected from an overlay of the following<br />
three strata layers:<br />
1. a broad vegetation formation layer (12 vegetation formation)<br />
2. Near-surface Quaternary geology classification layer<br />
(depositional age such as Quaternary or Pleistocene,<br />
depositional system such as alluvial, coastal barrier, estuarine<br />
and individual unit type, such as gravel beach, dune, swamp<br />
and channel)<br />
3. Strata-geology layer<br />
The LHCCReMS mapping projecting comprised 800 sites from<br />
existing survey work and 300 new sites. Much of the existing<br />
survey work had already sampled major environmental variation<br />
by intersecting five data layers: rainfall, temperature, dominant<br />
lithology, aspect and broad forest structure. Thus, new sites were<br />
selected from an overlay of two additional environmental factors:<br />
soil fertility and aspect.<br />
Wyong Local Sites were selected using a two-step stratification method:<br />
1. Intersecting existing site data with a vegetation layer consisting<br />
of 41 vegetation units<br />
2. Intersecting existing site data with a soil landscape layer<br />
in addition to giving consideration to other environmental<br />
characteristics, such as aspect and slope<br />
Wallum Local The Wallum project mapped the area using aPI and the resulting<br />
mapped vegetation units (considered to be analogous to plant<br />
associations) were used to stratify the area.<br />
24<br />
Sites / ha<br />
x 10 000 Ha / site<br />
10<br />
(approx.)<br />
14 723<br />
7 1431<br />
976<br />
(approx.)<br />
20 418<br />
54 185<br />
64 156<br />
A site-selection methodology was developed for sampling regional-scale vegetation patterns<br />
throughout the Hunter, Central Coast and Lower North Coast of New South Wales for the<br />
HCRCMA’s vegetation survey and mapping project (McCauley 2006b). The method involved<br />
intersecting existing systematic vegetation survey site locations with plant-habitat mapping to<br />
identify poorly sampled environments. The plant-habitat mapping was developed using an<br />
unsupervised classification of aspect, rainfall, solar radiation, slope, temperature, and substrate<br />
fertility raster surfaces.This same site-selection method has been used for the current project.<br />
It had previously been recognised that coastal floristic variability may need to be specifically<br />
targeted. This was addressed during stage 1 of the current project when looking at the Central<br />
Coast when a minimum sampling density of three sites per L<strong>HCCREMS</strong> map unit was sought.
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
For stage 2, however, there is no equivalent, complete floristic map of the coastal parts of the<br />
study area, although work is continuing on developing a mosaic of best-available mapping<br />
for the entire region, including high-resolution mapping for the coastal zone. Therefore, an<br />
alternative method was required for sampling coastal floristic variability to meet regionalscale<br />
survey priorities. The methodology used in this study involved three tiers of gap analysis<br />
and site selection, as described below, in order to address the various scales of variation to be<br />
sampled.<br />
3.2.2 Three-tiered approach to gap analysis<br />
3.2.2.1 Overview<br />
The three-tiered approach to completing site selection for systematic vegetation surveys within<br />
the study area was aimed at addressing regional-scale priorities based on environmental<br />
domain analysis, while subregional priorities were analysed according to canopy diversity,<br />
and local-scale priorities for the coastal zone were studied using environmental stratification<br />
(Sheringham et al. 2008). The three different approaches are described below.<br />
3.2.2.2 Regional-scale survey priorities<br />
As noted above, regional-scale survey priorities were based on intersecting environmental<br />
domain map units with existing systematic survey site locations to identify those areas that<br />
were relatively poorly sampled at this scale. Three measures of survey priority were considered,<br />
with the highest priority given to map units which met all of the following three criteria:<br />
➜ Number of sites per map unit (priority given to units with less than 50 sites)<br />
➜ Number of sites per hectare of each map unit (priority given to units with less than six<br />
sites per 10 000 ha)<br />
➜ Number of sites per extant vegetated hectare for each map unit (priority given to units<br />
with less than 10 sites per vegetated 10 000 ha)<br />
3.2.2.3 Subregional-scale survey priorities<br />
Survey priorities at the subregional scale were identified based on an assessment of existing<br />
site locations intersected with classified SPOT5 satellite imagery (unsupervised) which had<br />
been interpreted for broad vegetation type. Priorities for survey were based on the number<br />
of existing sites per map unit and overall sites per vegetated hectare for each map unit. This<br />
sampling approach was applied to each of the individual classified scenes in an attempt to<br />
maximise the floristic variability sampled throughout the region. Individual scenes were chosen<br />
in preference to the catchment-wide classified image generated from merged SPOT5 scenes<br />
due to the resultant loss of resolution and discernability of individual units across their entire<br />
geographic extent (Siggins et al. 2006).<br />
3.2.2.4 Local-scale (coastal zone) survey priorities<br />
For the purposes of this project, the coastal zone was considered to be that area used for the<br />
New South Wales Comprehensive Coast Assessment (CCA) vegetation and fauna data audits<br />
(NPWS 2003a). The site-selection method for sampling local-scale, coastal variability aimed to<br />
be consistent with the approach used by DECC for the North Coast coastal vegetation survey<br />
(Sheringham et al. 2008), specifically, the inclusion of the Quaternary geology layer produced for<br />
the CCA. While the stratification approach used by DECC also included vegetation formation,<br />
strata-geology and landform relief, these additional variables were already targeted by the<br />
regional-scale and subregional-scale survey priorities used for this project. As such, this third<br />
25
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
tier of survey priorities for sampling coastal variability for this study targeted sites based on the<br />
near-surface layer of the Quaternary geology mapping (Table 3.3). Existing survey site locations<br />
were intersected with this layer to determine the total number of sites, and sites per hectare, for<br />
each map unit. Sites were allocated to the resulting priority units based on the rule set above.<br />
It should be noted, however, that the Quaternary geology layer has incomplete coverage of<br />
the study area, omitting coastal areas of Newcastle and the Central Coast. Sampling priorities<br />
for the Central Coast were addressed in the previous stage of this project (McCauley 2006b),<br />
leaving only Newcastle LGA to be considered for additional surveys. In this regard, there were<br />
few areas of remnant vegetation remaining to be sampled and it was proposed that existing<br />
sites be intersected with local-scale vegetation mapping to achieve a minimum of three sites per<br />
map unit (as per the approach used for the first stage of this project for the Central Coast).<br />
Table 3.3: Structure of the Quaternary Geology Classification Scheme<br />
Age Age division Depositional systems Subdivisions (examples)<br />
Quaternary Holocene<br />
Pleistocene<br />
Undifferentiated<br />
Barrier<br />
estuarine<br />
alluvial<br />
Undifferentiated<br />
anthropogenic<br />
3.2.3 Expert panel review of site selection<br />
26<br />
Beach<br />
Gravel beach<br />
Dune<br />
Channel<br />
Sand flat<br />
Swamp<br />
abandoned channel<br />
Subsequent to completion of the gap analysis and site-selection process, the proposed sites and<br />
the methods used to select sites were presented to an expert panel for review. They discussed<br />
any major sampling priorities not addressed by the process. The panel identified a number<br />
of areas which were known to be poorly sampled but had not been adequately addressed in<br />
the current project. Areas that the panel felt were already adequately sampled were identified<br />
Figure 3.2. Expert panel review identified areas
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
as possible areas where the proposed sampling effort could be reduced in order to improve<br />
sampling of the identified under-sampled areas. These areas are presented in Figure 3.2.<br />
3.2.4 Site-selection rule set<br />
Within the resulting priority map units, sites were selected based on the following criteria:<br />
➜ Sites should be located within 2 km of an access road.<br />
➜ Sites should be centrally located within a map unit with sufficient contiguous area<br />
(minimum contiguous areas for regional-scale priorities were greater than 100 ha, or<br />
20 ha for more fragmented units).<br />
➜ Sites selected from all tenure, including Crown Land and private tenure, where access<br />
could be arranged by the HCRCMA (see 3.2.5 below).<br />
➜ Sites should be in clusters to minimise travel and maximise survey efficiency.<br />
➜ Site locations should be spatially configured in such a way as to represent the geographical<br />
extent of the priority map unit.<br />
➜ Sites should be located within areas of relatively low survey density (as per site density<br />
map) and no closer than 500 m to an existing site.<br />
➜ Sites should be located away from areas that may pose obvious safety concerns, such as<br />
extremely steep slopes and cliff lines.<br />
➜ Site locations should be cross-checked with SPOT5 satellite image to ensure placement is<br />
within vegetated areas and has relatively homogenous canopy cover.<br />
➜ Sites near boundaries of selection units should be avoided to reduce effects of sampling<br />
ecotones.<br />
3.2.5 Landholder liaison<br />
There is a recognised tenure bias in systematic vegetation survey data towards Crown Lands,<br />
including national parks, state forests and stock reserves. For this reason a landholder liaison<br />
process was developed to gain access to private lands for carrying out botanical surveys. This<br />
was undertaken by HCRCMA using contacts developed through their various incentives<br />
schemes and property vegetation plans. In addition a mail drop was used to seek landholder<br />
partipation in targetted areas. After initial contact was made, landholders were asked to sign an<br />
agreement stating that surveys could be carried out, and the uses, if any, that could be made of<br />
the collected data beyond the current project.<br />
Properties under these agreements were considered for site selection at various stages and, where<br />
they included target areas, were surveyed. Field botanists were supplied with landholders’<br />
contact details and made contact to discuss matters such as access prior to making any visits<br />
to undertake work. Summary reports were produced for each property that was surveyed and<br />
these will be provided to the landholders.<br />
3.3 Botanical survey methodology<br />
3.3.1 Background<br />
Mostly surveys were carried out by suitably qualified field botanists using the methods outlined<br />
in Flora and fauna survey guidelines: Lower Hunter and Central Coast region 2002 (Murray et al. 2002).<br />
27
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
These, or similar methods, are widely used and have been adopted to achieve consistency with<br />
as broad a range of floristic survey datasets as possible.<br />
3.3.2 Botanical survey teams<br />
In order to select field botanists with appropriate experience to carry out the survey work<br />
expressions of interest were sought from botanists and consultancies. Prospective field botanists<br />
were asked to submit evidence of their qualifications and experience, as well as a summary of<br />
their particular geographic area of expertise. Where possible field botanists were matched to<br />
selected sites that matched their area of expertise.<br />
Botanists were required to carry out work with a field assistant in remote and inaccessible survey<br />
sites. A total of five botanical survey teams were engaged to carry out the autumn / winter<br />
surveys (78 sites). This smaller round of surveys was also used to assess the survey methods<br />
and assist in standardising the approach to the methods taken by each of the teams. For the<br />
larger round of surveys in spring / summer, six botanical teams were engaged.<br />
3.3.3 Botanical survey methods<br />
The main factors to determine survey methods for the project were, firstly, compatibility with<br />
the majority of the data sources being considered for inclusion in the analysis and, secondly, the<br />
need to maximise the overall utility of the data collected. Survey data also had to be in a format<br />
which was suitable for entry into the project’s database system (the NSW NPWS vegetation<br />
survey database YETI (Bedward et al. 2007)). Similar survey methods have been employed in<br />
many previous studies.<br />
The general approach taken was to record all vascular plant species in a 20 m by 20 m quadrat<br />
centred on the selected site coordinates. All species were identified to a subspecies level where<br />
possible and cover / abundance scores and stratum were recorded for each species present.<br />
Initially, for the winter surveys, cover / abundance scores were collected as percentage projected<br />
cover values (i.e. 1 to 100%) and absolute abundance values (i.e. actual observed counts). It was<br />
initially considered that this approach would generate the most information for the resulting<br />
dataset. In practice field botanists found this to be very time consuming and the resulting data<br />
were considered unlikely to contain any further information beyond that collected using ranges<br />
for both parameters. The approach was subsequently altered (see survey proforma, Appendix<br />
1).<br />
Structural data were collected within a 20 m by 20 m quadrat, including the height, cover and<br />
dominant species of each stratum. A Specht structural class was also recorded for each site.<br />
Information on ground cover, disturbance factors and levels, soils, geology, aspect, slope and<br />
elevation were also collected. Data on habitat values, including counts of hollows, growth stages<br />
and bark types, were collected within a 50 m by 50 m area centred on the smaller quadrat. The<br />
survey proformas is included in Appendix 1.<br />
Survey site coordinates were collected in GIS as projected coordinates (i.e. Eastings & Northings)<br />
in Australian Map Grid 1966 coordinates (datum = Australian Geodetic Datum 1966; AMG<br />
Zone 56). These coordinates were then given to field botanists in a spreadsheet along with<br />
location, land tenure and access information. Contact information for the owners of private<br />
property sites was also supplied where necessary.<br />
28
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
Teams located sites as closely as possible to the supplied coordinates using hand-held GPS units.<br />
The actual coordinates and the GPS accuracy were recorded on the survey proforma. Most GPS<br />
units currently are able locate a point to an accuracy of 10 m or better, but this is only under ideal<br />
circumstances. Where satellite reception is limited, such as under dense canopy, actual margins<br />
of error can be closer to 50 m. This level of accuracy may have implications for distribution<br />
modelling, where many of the input layers may have resolutions of 25 m or better.<br />
All sites were marked, where appropriate, with a marker at either the centre point or at one<br />
of the corners of the survey quadrat. This potentially will allow sites of particular interest to<br />
be used for longer term research purposes. In previous studies sites have often been marked<br />
using star pickets, however, this option is cumbersome, particularly in steep country, and may<br />
present a safety hazard in some circumstances. For these reasons sites were marked using a<br />
type of engineering survey marker which is a metal peg hammered into the ground and to<br />
which a durable plastic makers is attached to the top and which sits flush with the ground.<br />
Field botanists entered the majority of data into an empty copy of the YETI database; this was<br />
then returned, checked and imported into a central version of the database (see below section<br />
3.3.4). Some data collected could not be entered into this database, either due to the way the<br />
information was collected or simply the lack of a relevant field of information in the YETI<br />
database. For entry and storage of such data a separate database was developed and empty<br />
copies also distributed to field botanists. This database can be linked easily to the YETI database<br />
for analysis of both datasets.<br />
3.3.4 Quality assurance checks of the surveys<br />
All data collected during the project were given quality assurance checks for both errors of<br />
omission and commission. This included checks on whether data had been collected and entered<br />
in the correct procedure and that all sections had been filled out (the quality assurance proforma<br />
is included in Appendix 2). In addition, a random check of 10% of all returned data against the<br />
original datasheets was undertaken to assess the accuracy of the data entry process.<br />
3.4 Vegetation community analysis<br />
3.4.1 Introduction<br />
The main purpose of classification is to simplify complex sets of information by reducing a<br />
large number of objects under consideration to a smaller set of groupings based on similarities<br />
between objects. For vegetation community classification this means reducing the complexity of<br />
a large number of floristic survey sites by grouping them together into ‘communities’ of species<br />
which tend to occur together in the landscape. This in turn allows decisions to be made, or<br />
analyses undertaken, on the basis of this reduced number of communities without having to take<br />
into consideration the full diversity of the individual sites which make up those communities.<br />
Such simplification is necessary to understand and describe complex environmental processes<br />
and relationships. It should be noted, however, that, as stated by Beadle and Costin (1952) ‘any<br />
attempt to classify a continuously varying system into several categories must necessarily be<br />
somewhat arbitrary’.<br />
In deciding on an approach to vegetation community classification consideration must be<br />
given to the nature of the available dataset. Classification is often (particularly in the case of<br />
29
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
larger studies such as that described elsewhere in this report) carried out using both new and<br />
‘legacy’ data, that is, data that have been collected previously by other studies. This means<br />
that the datasets to be analysed may differ in the information collected, although increasingly<br />
standardised methods are being adopted by many government agencies and other organisations.<br />
An important way in which datasets may differ is in the use of scores for species occurring at a<br />
site. The simplest approach is to collect data as presence or absence of a species, however, a range<br />
of systems for scoring species have been developed which attempt to capture the abundance<br />
and / or cover of a species at a site, allowing additional information to be used in the association<br />
of sites. Where the scoring system varies between datasets, decisions must be made as to which<br />
system is to become the standard. However, as data collected in a lower number of classes<br />
cannot meaningfully be converted to a higher number of classes this means either choosing<br />
the system with the lowest number of classes (e.g. presence / absence with only two classes) or<br />
discarding any data with a lower number of classes than the system chosen.<br />
Other decisions to be made about the dataset are questions of whether to include all taxa in<br />
the analysis or to exclude certain subsets. For example, previous studies in the project’s area<br />
have varied in the inclusion or exclusion of introduced species. Other studies have restricted<br />
the analysis dataset to overstorey species in order to derive canopy-based alliances of species<br />
(Forestry Commission of New South Wales 1989), while some studies have included all<br />
species, allowing the delineation of finer-scale variations between communities than can be<br />
achieved when recording only overstorey species (DECC 2008b). Decisions need to be made<br />
with consideration to the nature of the available dataset as well as of the final purpose of the<br />
outputs.<br />
In broad terms, classification can either be carried out using a hierarchical or non-hierarchical<br />
approach to clustering sites. The first step in a hierarchical classification is the calculation of a<br />
measure of association (or dissimilarity) between sites. In this process the associations between<br />
all possible pairs of sites are calculated and a matrix of dissimilarity between each site and all<br />
others is produced. Groups are then formed either by starting with all sites as separate groups<br />
and fusing pairs of sites iteratively into groups until the desired number of groups is achieved<br />
(bottom–up) or starting with all sites as one group and dividing (top–down). Hierarchical<br />
methods have the benefit of producing a hierarchical dendrogram which may be useful in<br />
interpreting relationships between groups (Belbin 1995).<br />
In a non-hierarchical classification, using the ALOC module in PATN (Belbin 1994), a number<br />
of groups is specified and that number of sites is chosen, by the algorithm, as sufficiently<br />
dissimilar based on association measures to ‘seed’ the groups. All sites are then added to the<br />
nearest of these to form the initial groups and an iterative process of reallocating individual<br />
sites to the nearest group centroid (average of all variables) is carried out until stable groupings<br />
are achieved (Belbin?).<br />
The calculations of dissimilarity are based on all recorded species as variables and cover scores<br />
as values. Measures of association most commonly used in vegetation studies include the<br />
Bray-Curtis and Kulczynski statistics (Belbin 1995), which have both been proven to be useful<br />
measures of distance for ecological studies (Faith et al. 1987). While similar, the Bray-Curtis<br />
statistic is considered more appropriate for use in cases where differences between high values<br />
have more significance than those between low values, and is therefore possibly more suitable<br />
for use with cover / abundance scores as the higher scores are often associated with dominant<br />
and indicative species (Belbin 1995; Peake 2006).<br />
30
3.4.2 Exploratory analyses<br />
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
Prior to the final classification work, exploratory cluster analyses were carried out on the entire<br />
dataset (rather than the final analysis dataset described below) both as a means of further checking<br />
the dataset for problematic data and also to gain an understanding of the broad vegetation<br />
patterns present in the dataset. As the analyses were carried out on the entire collated dataset,<br />
presence / absence data were used as this was the only scoring system common to all surveys<br />
used. Initially the data were classified into 100 broad groups within the PATN application (Belbin<br />
1994) using the Kulczyinski association measure and the Flexible Unweighted Paired Group<br />
Mean Averaging (UPGMA) clustering approach with a beta value of -0.1 (Belbin 1995; Belbin<br />
& McDonald 1993). The same parameters were used to produce a classification of 150 groups.<br />
Similar analyses were also carried out on subsets of the data to examine specific datasets and<br />
geographical areas. The outputs of the broad preliminary classification (100 groups), including<br />
a dendrogram and species frequency tables, were supplied to the botanists who worked on the<br />
classification scheme prior to the final analyses being carried out.<br />
3.4.3 Expert review of collated dataset<br />
Subsequent to the initial collation and audit of survey-relevant data for the study area an expert<br />
review of the collated dataset was carried out. This was particularly necessary due to the large<br />
size of the dataset and the study area. Many of the expert botanists who took part in the review<br />
had been responsible for the collection of much of the collated data and provided considerable<br />
insight into the nature of the data and any issues or limitations to be considered. The review<br />
panel also looked at the botanical nomenclature used in the dataset and identified species which<br />
may have been incorrectly identified.<br />
The size of the dataset made the review difficult and a package was assembled and sent out to<br />
participating botanists. The package included a list of all surveys collated, a list of species names<br />
used and a questionnaire based on the composition and proposed treatment of the dataset (see<br />
Appendix 3).<br />
All feedback from the review was collated and used to assist in further refining the dataset,<br />
including removing problematic data, and informing the classification process.<br />
3.4.4 The analysis dataset<br />
As previously mentioned, the original collated dataset had been collected over a long period<br />
of time and was variable in terms of attributes sampled. The complete dataset is discussed in<br />
detail in the data audit section (4.1) and the accompanying Volume 3: Vegetation survey data audit<br />
(<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008b). The final dataset was arrived at through a process of both internal and<br />
external review and through refinement during the early iterations of the classification analyses.<br />
The feedback from the external review of the dataset was used to refine the dataset via the removal<br />
of problematic subsets and the standardising of cover scores and species nomenclature.<br />
The dataset which was used in the final classification included native species only and used the<br />
Braun-Blanquet type, cover / abundance scores rather than presence / absence data (resulting in<br />
the loss to the analysis of all data collected only as presence / absence). Introduced species were<br />
removed as it was considered that many of the introduced species were ubiquitous across a<br />
range of vegetation communities and would, therefore, tend to reduce the differences between<br />
groups of native species.<br />
31
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
All native species were included rather than focussing on overstorey species as it was considered<br />
that the additional information provided by understorey species would aid in the delineation<br />
of a suitably detailed classification (Keith 2004). All species identified to genus level only were<br />
removed as they would otherwise be treated as separate species where the same species had been<br />
elsewhere identified to species or subspecies level. Similarly, as so many species identifications<br />
within the dataset had only been made to species level all taxa identified to subspecies or variant<br />
level were truncated to specific level once again to avoid different occurrences of the same<br />
species being treated as separate taxa within the classification. The taxonomic nomenclature<br />
used for the analysis dataset and subsequent reporting has been standardised, based firstly<br />
on the CAPS codes and then updated where necessary based on the nomenclature used on<br />
PlantNET (Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust 2008) and based on feedback provided to the<br />
data review by expert botanists. In general nomenclature used follows that used on PlantNET<br />
at the time of writing; however, recent taxonomic revisions to Epacridaceae, which now include<br />
many species in the family Ericaceae, have not been followed. These species have been retained<br />
in Epacridaceae in this report and associated volumes. A list of all flora species along with the<br />
relevant authority and common names is provided in Appendix 9.<br />
The use of cover / abundance scores, rather than presence / absence data, for classification was<br />
considered preferable as it would provide additional information on which to discriminate<br />
communities. Cover scores also provide additional information on the contribution of a particular<br />
species to a cluster as compared to presence / absence data (Hill et al. 2005). In particular it was<br />
felt that over such a large area the use of cover / abundance scores in the classification would<br />
mean that widely distributed species would have more significance in groups where they were<br />
more abundant and had higher levels of cover.<br />
In order to make use of the cover / abundance scores, scores had to be standardised as a wide<br />
range of modifications to the basic Braun-Blanquet approach were used throughout the collated<br />
surveys (see accompanying Volume 3: Vegetation Survey Data Audit (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008b)). To<br />
achieve a best-possible consistency, a six-point scoring system was chosen as the standard.<br />
Table 3.4 demonstrates how the standardisation of cover / abundance scores was achieved.<br />
A range of other data was captured for all survey site coordinates for use in interpretation<br />
of the classification. These included elevation, slope, aspect, geology, soils, climate data and<br />
community allocations in other classification schemes. The processes used to derive these data<br />
are described below in section 3.4.10.<br />
Table 3.4. Conversions for common cover/abundance score schemes<br />
Standard 7 point Modified 7 point 6 point<br />
1: one or few individuals and up to 5% 1: up to 5% and rare or few individuals 1: present and uncommon<br />
2: uncommon up to 5% 2: up to 5% uncommon 1: present and uncommon<br />
3: common and up to 5% 3: up to 5% common 2: common and up to 5%<br />
4: very common and up to 5% OR up to 20% 4a: up to 5% very abundant 2: common and up to 5%<br />
– 4b: 5% up to 25% 3: 5% up to 25%<br />
5: 25% up to 50% 5: 25% up to 50% 4: 25% up to 50%<br />
6: 50% up to 75% 6: 50% up to 75% 5: 50% up to 75%<br />
7: over 75% 7: over 75% 6: over 75%<br />
32
3.4.5 Classification of the survey data<br />
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
Classification analyses for this study were primarily carried out within the DOS version of<br />
the PATN software package (Belbin 1994). Additional analyses, such as fidelity analysis<br />
(Keith & Bedward 1999), were carried out using queries in Microsoft Office Access (Microsoft<br />
Corporation 2003). How the analysis dataset that was used in the classification process was<br />
derived is described above in section 3.4.4.<br />
For all analyses other than the preliminary exploratory analyses, the Bray-Curtis measure of<br />
association was used due to its appropriateness when analysing cover / abundance scores (see<br />
Section 3.3.1 above).<br />
An initial agglomerative hierarchical classification of the data into groups was carried out<br />
using the FUSE module in PATN (Belbin 2005). A Flexible UPGMA strategy was applied to this<br />
classification with a beta left at the software default of -0.1. This approach was used to produce<br />
150 and 300 groups as it was felt that the final number of communities would be between these<br />
values; this allowed for an understanding of the broader patterns and relationships between<br />
the finer groups to assist in the merging of these groups.<br />
Initial analyses of the outputs of this first iteration of the classification suggested further issues<br />
with the dataset which had not previously been detected. The dataset was further refined,<br />
with some sites being removed due to suspected biases or errors, and cover scores for some<br />
data being re-standardised. In addition to these refinements, data from all groups which had<br />
been defined for sites with less than 10 species were removed before the second iteration to<br />
remove any possible effects these sites may have had on the overall classification. These groups<br />
were reintroduced to the classification once the remaining data had been interpreted. A second<br />
iteration of the hierarchical classification of 150 and 300 groups was then carried out using the<br />
FUSE module in PATN.<br />
In parallel to this approach, a non-hierarchical classification was also carried out using the ALOC<br />
module in PATN (Belbin 1995) in order to compare the outputs from these two approaches. Nonhierarchical<br />
classification has been suggested as more appropriate for use in cases where a very<br />
large dataset is to be analysed (Belbin 1995); however, in this case the groups produced were<br />
less intuitive and the outputs of this approach were only used to compare with the hierarchical<br />
classification and assist in identifying possible misclassifications.<br />
3.4.6 Interpretation and refinement of classification<br />
The outputs of the analyses outlined above were then interpreted and refined to produce a<br />
draft classification scheme to present to the expert review panel. To support the interpretation<br />
of the results dendrograms were produced at both the 300 and 150 group levels, allowing an<br />
assessment of relationships between groups (see Appendix 4). Species fidelity statistics were<br />
also produced following the approach described by Keith and Bedward (1999) to assist in<br />
interpreting and defining groups and identifying possible misclassified sites.<br />
Various environmental data were also analysed to support the interpretation of the classification<br />
outputs. Site locations were loaded into a GIS to allow the spatial distribution of sites within each<br />
group to be assessed and possible geographic outliers to be identified. A range of environmental<br />
parameters was also captured in a GIS for each site, allowing this information to be summarised<br />
for each proposed group. Parameters captured included topography (altitude, slope and<br />
aspect), climate (mean annual temperature and rainfall), geology and lithology. In addition to<br />
33
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
these environmental parameters the allocations of sites to communities within various other<br />
classification schemes (where there was an overlap in sites with the current study) were also<br />
analysed. This was a useful exercise to assess the likely nature of groups as well as to identify<br />
possible misclassifications and the appropriateness of particular groupings.<br />
Once the initial interpretation of groups had been carried out groups were either merged, split<br />
or left unchanged based on the dissimilarity of sites to their assigned group and to other groups,<br />
as well as consideration of species fidelities and other relevant information. These changes were<br />
informed in most cases by expert knowledge of the vegetation type in the field. The resulting<br />
set of groups was then further analysed and individual sites which appeared problematic were<br />
either reallocated, left unchanged, removed from the classification or left for further review<br />
based on the following rule set:<br />
1. Any plot which is very dissimilar (higher than 0.7) to all other plots will be excluded (if<br />
there appear to be data problems) or not allocated to a group, except in a few cases where<br />
the plot is the sole member of a single-plot group.<br />
2. If a plot does not have its nearest neighbour in the same group, and the dissimilarity<br />
to the next nearest neighbour which is in the group is greater than 0.05 higher than the<br />
nearest neighbour dissimilarity, then the plot is regarded as equally related to several<br />
different groups (i.e. ‘transitional’) and left unallocated.<br />
3. If a plot does not have its nearest neighbour in the same group, and the dissimilarity<br />
from the nearest neighbour is
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
the workshop was also to cover a discussion of any ecological relationships and processes<br />
relevant to any of the proposed communities with which the panel were familiar.<br />
The review panel was firstly presented with the background to the project and study area as<br />
well as the methods used during the classification process. The terms of reference of the review<br />
panel as well as workshop procedures were supplied to participants prior to the workshop (see<br />
Appendix 5). Participants were also supplied with tables of species fidelity data for all draft<br />
groups and a group-level dendrogram of the draft classification. The dendrogram used for this<br />
process was based on the group centroids of the draft groups and included groups defined<br />
for sites with less than 10 species which had been previously removed from the analyses but<br />
excluded all unallocated sites (see Appendix 4). In addition to these materials, the sites for each<br />
group were displayed in a GIS against a satellite image background to give a landscape context<br />
to the discussions. Other GIS data were also available to support this process.<br />
The discussion of groups proceeded in dendrogram order and all comments were recorded and<br />
later collated (see Appendix 6). The collated feedback on draft communities included advice<br />
from the panel on whether to accept groups as currently defined or to further refine groups<br />
by either merging, splitting or removing the data from the classification. Possible outlier sites<br />
were also identified by the panel and these were recorded as were any comments relating to the<br />
distribution of proposed communities beyond the distribution of the samples that constituted<br />
the group within the classification. As previously mentioned, unallocated sites were also<br />
reviewed and advice was recorded on whether the sites should be removed, included within<br />
one of the existing groups or defined as a poorly sampled group (see Appendix 6).<br />
3.4.8 Finalisation of vegetation classification scheme<br />
The collated feedback from the review workshop was presented to the classification team to<br />
inform the process of finalising the classification. In principle it was decided that advice from<br />
the panel, where general agreement was reached, was to be adopted where it was seen to be<br />
in keeping with the statistical basis of the classification. However, the final decision on any<br />
changes was to reside with the classification team and the project coordinator. Most proposed<br />
changes were adopted, subject to the rule set outlined above for reallocating sites between<br />
groups.<br />
3.4.9 Expert grasslands communities workshop<br />
As the majority of the survey data collated and collected for this study sampled woody<br />
vegetation it was felt that non-woody communities, including grasslands, would possibly be<br />
poorly represented in the numerical classification. For this reason it was decided to convene<br />
an expert workshop on native grasslands of the study area to supplement the numerical<br />
classification work. The workshop involved a number of experts in the field of native grasses<br />
and grasslands and looked at both derived and natural grasslands which the experts were<br />
familiar with within the study area. The geographic range and associated environmental factors<br />
(soils, geology, topography, etc.) for each of the proposed grassland communities were also<br />
discussed. The workshop also covered issues relating to the survey and mapping of grassland<br />
communities. The results of the grasslands workshop are presented in section 4.3.4 below and<br />
the proposed grassland communities are listed with those derived from the PATN analyses as<br />
well as those proposed during the review process in Table 4.6.<br />
35
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
3.4.10 Development of vegetation community profiles<br />
A profile was developed for each of the communities in the final classification scheme to<br />
provide an overview of the floristic composition, structure, abiotic variables, relationship to<br />
other vegetation types and other related information (see accompanying Volume 2: Vegetation<br />
Community Profiles (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008a)). The information contained in the profiles was derived<br />
from a variety of sources, including the original survey data, species fidelity analyses, data<br />
captured in GIS and other vegetation studies. The information included in each profile and the<br />
sources of information for each is outlined below:<br />
➜ Map unit number and community name.<br />
➜ Brief community description, including a structural-class label based on the Specht<br />
structural classification and derived from sample structural data, where available, as well<br />
as an overview of the floristic composition and distribution of the community.<br />
➜ Site and species counts.<br />
➜ Distribution information based on the distribution of associated sites.<br />
➜ Landform information (elevation, slope and aspect) derived from 25 m grids based on a<br />
digital elevation model and captured for each sites in GIS.<br />
➜ Climate parameters (precipitation and temperature) based on 25 m grid Bioclim layers<br />
developed for stage 1 of the current project.<br />
➜ Relationships to other schemes based on analyses of floristic compositions and, where<br />
available, the allocations of sites common to both the scheme of interest and the current<br />
scheme.<br />
➜ Conservation significance, including relationships to Endangered Ecological Communities<br />
(based on analyses of floristics) and recorded presence of rare or threatened flora<br />
species.<br />
➜ Common naturalised species (recorded in more than 25% of sites in a community) based<br />
on floristic data. Although naturalised species were not included in the classification the<br />
frequencies of these species for each community were subsequently calculated.<br />
➜ Common native species listed based on fidelity statistics and including all species occurring<br />
in more than 35% of sites in a community or those that were unique to a community.<br />
➜ Graphics, including a site distribution map generated in a GIS, site photographs where<br />
available and line drawings of diagnostic species (sourced from the Royal Botanic<br />
Gardens).<br />
Species fidelity statistics used in the classification analyses and included in the community<br />
profiles were calculated based on frequencies and cover / abundance values following the<br />
method used by Keith and Bedward (1999), with modifications to identify ‘unique’ species<br />
following Bell (2004a). The calculations used are shown in Table 3.5. The resulting ‘diagnostic’<br />
species are those species that can be used to discriminate one assemblage of species from<br />
another and, therefore, help to define the delineated communities (Keith & Bedward 1999).<br />
A more comprehensive overview of the vegetation community profiles is provided in the<br />
accompanying Volume 2: Vegetation community profiles (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008a).<br />
3.4.11 Development of a regional vegetation classification database<br />
A relational database was developed using Microsoft Office Access (Microsoft Corporation<br />
2003) to store the outputs of the vegetation community classification and interpretation. This<br />
was done to allow information to be stored in a dynamic state which could be easily updated<br />
36
Table 3.5. Species fidelity calculations<br />
Values within the<br />
target community<br />
C/a = cover / abundance<br />
CHaPTeR 3 Method of data analysis and collection<br />
Frequency > 35%<br />
and C/A > 2<br />
in the case of any future refinements of the classification scheme. A number of requirements of<br />
the development of the database had to be considered:<br />
➜ Storage of all data associated with the classification, including community descriptions,<br />
site environmental information, floristics and diagnostic information, and information on<br />
equivalencies with other, relevant classification schemes.<br />
➜ Presentation of key information and graphics relating to each community in the form of<br />
profile reports which were dynamically linked to the underlying data.<br />
➜ Storage and maintenance of spatial data associated with each community for future<br />
mapping and / or modelling work.<br />
➜ Ability to link to existing database elements, such as the floritics data and sites tables in<br />
YETI (Bedward et al. 2007), the CAPS codes database and the HCLNC Flora List Database<br />
(in development) maintained outside of the database.<br />
➜ Ability to link to associated graphics (distribution maps, community-type photographs,<br />
botanical illustrations) also stored outside of the database to minimise size.<br />
➜ Ability to be expanded to include data generated through the mapping process, such as<br />
extant areas and areas in conservation reserves, etc.<br />
37<br />
Values across all other communities<br />
Frequency < 35% OR<br />
C/A < 2 Frequency = 0<br />
Frequency > 35% and C/a > 2 Constant Positive Unique<br />
Frequency < 35% OR C/a < 2 Uninformative Uninformative Unique<br />
Frequency = 0 Negative Uninformative
CHaPTeR 4<br />
Results<br />
4.1 Data audit and evaluation<br />
4.1.1 Vegetation survey datasets within the region (geography)<br />
A total of 209 surveys representing 12 089 individual sites were identified within the bounding<br />
box used to compile vegetations surveys completed within the HCLNC study boundary (Figure<br />
3.1, page 21) (see Appendix 7). The majority of survey data was obtained from NSW DECC, who<br />
were at that time collating all vegetation surveys completed within New South Wales for their<br />
centralised vegetation survey data repository (P. Gleeson, pers. comm., October 2007). Data<br />
was also sourced from other state organisations such as Forests NSW and NSW Royal Botanic<br />
Gardens, regional organisations such as HCRCMA and <strong>HCCREMS</strong>, local government areas and<br />
individual botanists. The data search and collation process was comprehensive, however, it is<br />
not a complete inventory of all vegetation surveys within the study area, as it does not include<br />
legacy data recorded in a non-digital format and data with data licence agreement restrictions.<br />
In addition, some datasets were not available or the project team were not aware of them until<br />
after the audit process was completed. These data may have been used, where appropriate, in<br />
the classifiation process but do not appear in the data audit report.<br />
Approximately, 40% of the original data collated using the bounding box was removed as it<br />
did not contain plot sites within the confines of the HCLNC study area. A total of 183 surveys<br />
and 7240 plot sites were evaluated and profiled for the vegetation classification project (see<br />
accompanying Volume 3: Vegetation Survey Data Audit (<strong>HCCREMS</strong> 2008b)).<br />
4.1.2 Summary of profiled vegetation survey datasets<br />
The profiles provide an overview of the vegetation survey datasets that exist within the HCLNC<br />
study area. Information included in the profiles was sourced from various YETI databases, journal<br />
articles, reports and past vegetation classification and mapping projects (Bell 2004c, 2004d; Bell<br />
& Palmer 2000; NPWS 2002, 2003a; Palmer & Bonjer 1998; Peake 2006). In addition, the profiles<br />
were reviewed by an expert panel of botanists to fill in any data gaps and ensure correctness. The<br />
38
39<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
following summarises information contained in the vegetation survey profiles, such as survey<br />
age, floristics, survey plot type and size as well as cover / abundance score systems used.<br />
4.1.2.1 age of surveys<br />
The vegetation surveys collated date from<br />
1975 (Alex Floyd, rainforest surveys) to<br />
2007. The age of the surveys could not be<br />
ascertained for over half of the datasets<br />
(51%). For the surveys where the survey age<br />
is known, the majority (26%) were within six<br />
to 10 year age. A small percentage of surveys<br />
were within 0 to five and 11 to 20 year age.<br />
Only 2% of surveys were between 20 to 30<br />
year age (Figure 4.1).<br />
4.1.2.2 Floristics data<br />
The majority of surveys (69%) have full<br />
floristic data (i.e. records all species within a<br />
designated survey site). A small proportion<br />
of surveys (3%) have recorded either a<br />
comprehensive species list (i.e. records<br />
species within and outside a designated<br />
plot site) or canopy-only species. Details of<br />
the floristic data recorded were unknown<br />
for approximately one-third of the surveys<br />
collated (28%) (Figure 4.2).<br />
4.1.2.3 Survey plot type<br />
Survey plot type refers to the bounding<br />
outline of the survey area. There are four<br />
main plot types: quadrats, circular, transect<br />
lines and dimensionless plots. Square<br />
and rectangular quadrats are the most<br />
commonly used plots as they are easy to set<br />
up and conform to New South Wales State<br />
Government standard practice (Keith &<br />
Bedward 1999). Circular plots are round in<br />
shape and are used to obtain particular types<br />
of measurement such as tree density. Transect<br />
lines (also known as line intercept) are used<br />
to survey narrow bands of vegetation such<br />
as riparian zones or roadside environments.<br />
Dimensionless plots (also known as traverse<br />
or random walks) are conducted in dense<br />
vegetation types as they allow greater access<br />
(Hnatiuk et al. in. press).<br />
Figure 4.1. Summary of age of surveys<br />
Figure 4.2. Summary of floristic data<br />
information recorded<br />
Figure 4.3. Summary of survey plot type
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
The majority of surveys (69%) used quadrats. A small proportion of surveys used transect<br />
(7%) and dimensionless plots (2%). A total of 5% of the vegetation surveys collated used a<br />
combination of plot types. Survey plot type could not be established for approximately onefifth<br />
of the vegetation surveys profiled (Figure 4.3).<br />
4.1.2.4 Plot size<br />
Plot size refers to the physical dimensions or area (hectares) covered by the survey plot. Plot<br />
sizes vary according to the vegetation type being sampled. For example, a vegetation community<br />
with an upper stratum height greater than 20 m will be sampled using a larger plot size than<br />
a vegetation community whose upper stratum is less than 1 m in height (e.g. grasslands).<br />
Nested plots (e.g. smaller plots located in a larger plot) may be required to sample vegetation<br />
communities that have many stratums such as rainforest communities.<br />
Hnatiuk et al. (in press) provides the following general guide for plot dimensions:<br />
➜ >20 m high, use 0.09 ha<br />
➜
41<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
(6%), concentric plots that were 11 m in size (1%), as well as 10 m radius circular plots (1%).<br />
The most common plot size (61%) was the 0.04 ha single plot per survey effort (Figure 4.4).<br />
The 0.04 ha single plot is the standard method used by the National Herbarium of New South<br />
Wales, NSW NPWS and Forests NSW (Keith & Bedward 1999).<br />
4.1.2.5 Cover / abundance score system<br />
Recording the occurrence and frequency of species at a plot assists in classifying vegetation<br />
patterns (Keith & Bedward 1999). The method used to record species is referred to as the<br />
cover / abundance scoring system. There are three types of scoring systems used:<br />
1. Noting only the presence of a species at a plot.<br />
2. Estimating the cover / abundance of a species on a predetermined scale (e.g six-point<br />
Braun-Blanquet scale, four-point abundance scale).<br />
3. Recording absolute measures of abundance and percentage cover (% cover). Absolute<br />
measures provide the best account of species diversity, however, this can be time<br />
consuming, especially in species diverse areas (Bannister 1966).<br />
Estimating species cover / abundance on a predetermined scale is subjective but is a commonly<br />
used method of data collection as it is quick and provides more insight into species composition<br />
than records of presence and absence (Bannister 1966).<br />
The majority of vegetation surveys (81%) collated for this project used some form of<br />
cover / abundance scale to record species occurrence and frequency at a plot site (Figure 4.5).<br />
4.1.2.6 Vegetation structure<br />
Vegetation structure is the horizontal and vertical distribution of cover and height of dominant<br />
plants. The YETI database provides tables for surveyors to record information about the dominant<br />
Figure 4.5. Summary of cover / abundance scoring systems
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Fig 4.6. Summary of vegetation strata height<br />
and percentage cover<br />
species in each stratum, as well as information on vegetation strata height and percentage cover<br />
at a plot. However, not all surveys record this information: 66% of surveys profiled recorded<br />
data in the vegetation strata height and percentage cover table (Figure 4.6) and approximately<br />
half (48%) had completed the dominate species in each stratum table (Figure 4.7).<br />
4.1.3 Preliminary data assessment<br />
All survey data was compiled and assessed in the HCED YETI database to remove duplication,<br />
as well as check for accuracy and completeness. The surveys were initially assessed to remove<br />
any inappropriate data such as duplicate sites and sites with no, or limited, floristic information.<br />
The data were then evaluated for its possible application in this vegetation classification and<br />
mapping project, such as vegetation community analysis, vegetation modelling or for validating<br />
analysis results. Possible data application was determined based on the following criteria:<br />
➜ Vegetation community analysis: must have full floristics but does not require a specific<br />
location (i.e. easting and northing)<br />
➜ Vegetation modelling: requires full floristics as well as a specific location<br />
➜ Validation: does not require full floristics or a specific location<br />
Approximately one-third (27%) of the 7240 plot sites evaluated were tagged for appraisal. A<br />
total of 1569 (22%) plot sites were removed from the analysis process as they either contained<br />
no floristic information (1%) or were duplicate sites (21%). Of the remaining plot sites tagged,<br />
255 (4%) recorded dominant or canopy species only (i.e. not full floristics) and 163 (2%) had<br />
incorrect or no easting and northing fields (Figure 4.8). The preliminary assessment process<br />
found that 5415 (75%) plot sites could possibly be applied to vegetation community analysis,<br />
5252 (73%) for vegetation modelling and 255 (4%) for validating analysis results (Figure 4.9).<br />
42<br />
Fig 4.7. Summary of dominant species per<br />
stratum cover
4.1.4 Summary of vegetation community analysis datasets<br />
43<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Fig 4.8. Summary of the preliminary data assessment Fig 4.9. Possible application of plot site data<br />
This section provides a summary of plot sites tagged for possible application in vegetation community<br />
analysis. The section illustrates the density and coverage of plots sites across the HCLNC study<br />
area as well as presenting an account of plant diversity in the region.<br />
4.1.4.1 Vegetation sampling intensity<br />
Figure 4.10 illustrates the intensity of survey effort across the region. The highest density of<br />
existing survey sites for the HCLNC study area is situated in the south-east coastal zone from<br />
Gosford to Newcastle, extending slightly west into the Hunter Valley floor. Other more restricted<br />
high-density areas are located in the central and north-west of the study area. It also shows the<br />
relatively poorly sampled areas, the largest being directly north of Newcastle.<br />
Figure 4.11 demonstrates the intensity of plot sites (sites per vegetated 1000 ha) for the 14 LGAs<br />
within the HCLNC study area. Site intensity was greater for LGAs located in the south-east of<br />
the study area, including Gosford City Council, Wyong Shire Council, Lake Macquarie City<br />
Council, Newcastle City Council, Port Stephens Council, Cessnock City Council and Maitland<br />
City Council. The most under-sampled LGAs were Dungog Shire Council, Gloucester Shire<br />
Council and Greater Taree City Council.<br />
Figure 4.12a, represents the study area overlaid with a land tenure map. Approximately twothirds<br />
of the study area is private property with the remaining area deemed as Crown tenure,<br />
such as national park, state forest estate and other Crown Land. Of the Crown tenure, national<br />
parks comprise the largest proportion, followed by state forest estate and then other Crown<br />
Land. Figure 4.12b illustrates the percentage of plot sites located per land tenure. Over half of<br />
the plot sites were completed on Crown Land (57%, 2634 plot sites). The percentage of plot sites<br />
per Crown Land tenure were 40.4% (2224 plot sites) within national parks, 10.1% (556) within<br />
state forest estate and 6.4% (354 plot sites) within other Crown Land. Private property covers<br />
two-thirds of the study area, however, at only 42.8%. it does not contain two-thirds of the plot
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
sites. The location of plot sites could not be ascertained for 0.3% (15 plot sites) as the easting and<br />
northing field was incorrect or unknown.<br />
The combination of Figures 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12 provide a regional context within which to<br />
concentrate further survey effort.<br />
Figure 4.10. Plot site intensity for the HCLNC study area<br />
Figure 4.11. Plot site intensity for LGAs within the HCLNC study<br />
area<br />
44
4.12a 4.12b<br />
4.1.5 Plant species inventory<br />
45<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Figure 4.12. a. Area coverage b. Plot site intensity for different land tenures in the HCLNC study area<br />
The HCLNC vegetation community analysis dataset contains a total of 217 729 vascular<br />
plant species records. The appended inventory lists all plant families included in the region<br />
(Appendix 8). The appended list is not guaranteed to be free from errors or omissions and<br />
should be regarded as a working inventory.<br />
Table 4.1. Headings used to profile vascular plant species within the HCLNC study area<br />
Profile of vascular plant species inventory<br />
Scientific name The published scientific name of the species.<br />
Common name/s a colloquial name/s attributed to a species.<br />
Form an assemblage with similar components e.g. trees, shrubs and herbs.<br />
exotic Specifies if a species is native to the australian continent or has been introduced.<br />
ROTaP Species listed as a Rare or Threatened australian Plants (Briggs & Leigh 1996).<br />
NSW TSC act a species listed under NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.<br />
ePBC act a species listed under Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.<br />
Records for vegetation<br />
community analysis<br />
Specifies the number of plot sites a species was recorded at within the HCLNC study area using the<br />
vegetation community analysis dataset.<br />
Status Records a species as having very few, few, some, occasional and frequent records based on the<br />
following rule set:<br />
1–5 species records: very few records<br />
6–20 species records: few records<br />
21–99 species records: some records<br />
100–499 species records: occasionally recorded<br />
>500 species records: frequently recorded
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
A summary analysis of the plant species inventory identified a total of 3647 vascular plant species<br />
from 201 family groups. This represents approximately 61% of the New South Wales state total<br />
(N = 5930) (Hnatiuk 1990). The most well represented family groups (as shown in Appendix 9)<br />
were Poaceae (N = 20 597), Myrtaceae (N = 20 161), Fabaceae–Faboideae (N = 13 861), Asteraceae<br />
(N = 12 151), Proteaceae (N = 8188), Cyperaceae (N = 7433), Fabaceae–Mimosoideae (N = 6550),<br />
and Lomandraceae (N = 6052). Figure 4.13 illustrates the recorded frequency of species at plot<br />
sites. A significant proportion of species have only been recorded at very few plot sites (one to<br />
five plot sites) (39%). Only 2% of species were frequently recorded at plots sites (>500 plot sites).<br />
The most common species, located at more than 1500 sites were Lomandra longifolia (N = 1977),<br />
Entolasia stricta (N = 1718), Pteridium esculentum (N = 1517) and Persoonia linearis (N = 1507). The<br />
majority of species recorded were native (94% of records).<br />
Approximately 4% (147 species) of the vascular plant species within the HCLNC study area<br />
were listed as threatened under either the NSW TSC Act or the Commonwealth EPBC Act or<br />
on the Briggs and Leigh (1996) ROTAP list (Table 4.1). The majority of threatened species (104<br />
species) were recorded at less than five plot sites.<br />
4.1.6 Discussion<br />
Fig 4.13. Recorded frequency of species at plot sites within the<br />
HCLNC study area<br />
Vegetation surveys have been completed by a variety of government and non-government<br />
organisations for many different purposes. This vegetation project focused on collating only<br />
full systematic vegetation surveys. A total of 183 vegetation surveys, representing over 7000<br />
plot sites, were identified and collated. The surveys collated ranged in age and used a variety<br />
of survey methodologies including different plot type and size, floristic information recorded,<br />
as well as the type of cover / abundance score system used. An overview of the vegetation<br />
survey collated for this project found that the majority of surveys conform to New South<br />
Wales State Government practice: recording all species (i.e. full floristics) on a predefined<br />
cover / abundance score system within a square or rectangular 0.04 ha dimension plot (Keith<br />
& Bedward 1999). The survey methodology does vary from one survey dataset to another as<br />
46
47<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
a result of the vegetation type being sampled and the reason for the survey being conducted.<br />
For example, a transect line may be the preferred option in dense vegetation as it provides<br />
greater access, or canopy-only species may be recorded to ground-truth remote-sensed data.<br />
Past vegetation classification studies have precluded surveys that do not conform to State<br />
standards as they have been found to cause interference with the analysis outputs (Keith &<br />
Bedward 1999).<br />
YETI, a relational database used by many organisations to store systematic vegetation survey<br />
data, has a series of tables that can hold detailed information about surveys and plot sites.<br />
Information in these tables include, whom, when and how the survey was conducted; species<br />
records; vegetation structure and dominate species information; details of the physical<br />
environment; and disturbance information. However, the level of detail filled out for each<br />
vegetation survey varies considerably. In this assessment up to half of the vegetation surveys<br />
were missing important metadata such as the year the survey was conducted, the individual or<br />
organisation responsible for collating the data and details of survey methodology. In addition,<br />
different vegetation surveys record different levels of information; for example, one-third of<br />
the surveys did not complete the vegetation strata height and percentage cover and over half<br />
did not provide information on dominant species per strata. Literature reviews were utilised to<br />
fill in metadata gaps, however, information conflicted from one report to another; for example,<br />
the same survey was documented with different dates and survey methodology. The inclusion<br />
of vegetation surveys lacking metadata and supporting documentation in the vegetation<br />
community analysis will be questionable, thus, it is recommended that vital fields (i.e. date,<br />
cover score, plot type and size) within YETI be made mandatory.<br />
Evaluating and assessing survey data for accuracy and completeness is a major and often<br />
underestimated component of any vegetation classification and mapping project. It initially<br />
involves removing inappropriate data, such as duplicate sites and sites with no floristic<br />
information, and will later require the standardisation of cover / abundance scores as well as<br />
checking individual site and species records for accuracy and correctness. An initial assessment<br />
of the data collated for this project revealed that 21% were duplicate plot sites and 1% contained<br />
no floristic information. Duplicate plot site data was the result of collating data from various<br />
sources and databases that may have altered the original survey and site identification name<br />
or code for a specific project purpose. A total of 5415 plot sites have been identified during<br />
the preliminary evaluation as having appropriate floristic information; however, they were<br />
reviewed further to determine their final application within the project. Data evaluation is<br />
a time-consuming process. An easily accessed centralised data repository that contains only<br />
correct and accurate vegetation survey plot data would streamline the evaluation process. NSW<br />
DECC is currently developing such a repository for systematic vegetation surveys conducted<br />
within New South Wales.<br />
A plant species inventory developed from plot sites collated during the data audit process<br />
identified 3647 vascular plant species: this represents 61% of the New South Wales state total<br />
(Hnatiuk 1990). Whilst this region is floristically diverse, 39% of the plant species identified<br />
are represented at less then five plot sites. Approximately 4% of these species are listed as<br />
threatened under either the NSW TSC Act, Commonwealth EPBC Act or listed as a ROTAP<br />
species; however, the remaining 35% are not accounted for. A targeted flora survey completed<br />
in the Brigalow Belt South bioregion by NSW NPWS derived a similar result (NPWS 2002).<br />
The reason for species being recorded infrequently could be due to several reasons, such as a
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
limited distribution for a species, rarity of a species, inadequate survey intensity, the HCLNC<br />
region may only include a small portion of a species distribution, or floristic errors within a<br />
database.<br />
4.2 New field surveys for this project<br />
4.2.1 Overview of the survey effort<br />
A total of 366 systematic surveys were completed during this stage of the project (see Figure 4.14).<br />
Of these 157 were based on regional targets, 69 on coastal targets (which also met subregional<br />
targets along the coastal zone), 52 on priorities developed during the expert review of the gap<br />
analysis and 31 sites were collected opportunistically by the field botanists.<br />
Table 4.2. Threatened species within the HCLNC study area (number of records in brackets)<br />
Grevillea montana (151), Macrozamia flexuosa (72), Tetratheca juncea (66), Angophora inopina (61), Melaleuca<br />
biconvexa (52), Syzygium paniculatum (51), Tasmannia purpurascens (50), Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens<br />
(43), Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora (36), Callistemon shiressii (24), Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis<br />
(24), Gonocarpus longifolius (22), Eucalyptus prominula (20), Lomandra brevis (15), Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi (14),<br />
Tetratheca glandulosa (14), Bothriochloa biloba (13), Acacia bulgaensis (12), Callistemon linearifolius (12), Persoonia<br />
pauciflora (12), Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii (11), Melaleuca groveana (11), Rutidosis heterogama (11),<br />
Tasmannia glaucifolia (11), Darwinia glaucophylla (10), Eucalyptus glaucina (10), Hibbertia procumbens (10), Acacia<br />
fulva (9), Cymbidium canaliculatum (9), Cynanchum elegans (9), Gonocarpus salsoloides (9), Homoranthus cernuus (9),<br />
Acacia barringtonensis (8), Eucalyptus camfieldii (7), Eucalyptus hypostomatica (7), Goodenia fordiana (7), Grevillea<br />
johnsonii (7), Arthrochilus prolixus (6), Eucalyptus largeana (6), Grevillea oldie (6), Homoranthus darwinioides (6),<br />
Prostanthera askania (6), Zieria adenodonta (6), Eucalyptus aenea (5), Eucalyptus michaeliana (5), Leptospermum<br />
argenteum (5), Acacia bynoeana (4), Acacia dangarensis (4), Allocasuarina defungens (4), Allocasuarina simulans<br />
(4), Boronia ruppii (4), Eucalyptus cannonii (4), Lomandra fluviatilis (4), Lomandra patens (4), Ozothamnus whitei (4),<br />
Prostanthera junonis (4), Senecio macranthus (4), Swainsona colutoides (4), Asplenium aethiopicum (3), Dillwynia<br />
tenuifolia (3), Eucalyptus bensonii (3), Lastreopsis hispida (3), Lissanthe sapida (3), Ozothamnus tesselatus (3), Pimelea<br />
curviflora var. curviflora (3), Pimelea spicata (3), Platysace clelandii (3), Pultenaea glabra (3), Boronia serrulata (2),<br />
Cryptostylis hunteriana (2), Darwinia peduncularis (2), Darwinia procera (2), Daviesia suaveolens (2), Eucalyptus<br />
elliptica (2), Kennedia retrorsa (2), Leionema elatius subsp. beckleri (2), Macadamia tetraphylla (2), Marsdenia liisae (2),<br />
Maundia triglochinoides (2), Olearia cordata (2), Picris evae (2), Pomaderris costata (2), Pomaderris queenslandica (2),<br />
Prasophyllum fuscum (2), Prostanthera cryptandroides subsp. cryptandroides (2), Rulingia procumbens (2), Senecio<br />
linearifolius var. dangarensis (2), Senecio squarrosus (2), Abutilon leucopetalum (1), Acacia costiniana (1), Acacia<br />
matthewii (1), Amperea xiphoclada var. pedicellata (1), Ancistrachne maidenii (1), Asperula asthenes (1), Asperula<br />
charophyton (1), Asterolasia buxifolia (1), Astrotricha crassifolia (1), Budawangia gnidioides (1), Chiloglottis platyptera<br />
(1), Clematis fawcettii (1), Corchorus cunninghamii (1), Daphnandra sp. C Illawarra (1), Derwentia blakelyi (1), Dillwynia<br />
crispii (1), Discaria pubescens (1), Diuris venosa (1), Doodia maxima (1), Endiandra muelleri subsp. bracteata (1),<br />
Epacris muelleri (1), Eucalyptus apiculata (1), Eucalyptus conjuncta (1), Eucalyptus fusiformis (1), Euphrasia ciliolate (1),<br />
Euphrasia orthocheila subsp. orthocheila (1), Genoplesium despectans (1), Grevillea granulifera (1), Grevillea obtusiflora<br />
(1), Hakea archaeoides (1), Hibbertia hermanniifolia (1), Hibbertia nitida (1), Indigofera baileyi (1), Indigofera efoliata<br />
(1), Lepidium hyssopifolium (1), Leucopogon confertus (1), Lindsaea incise (1), Melaleuca deanei (1), Melichrus hirsutus<br />
(1), Micromyrtus blakelyi (1), Monotaxis macrophylla (1), Ozothamnus adnatus (1), Persoonia brevifolia (1), Persoonia<br />
hirsuta subsp. hirsuta (1), Phebalium obcordatum (1), Philotheca ericifolia (1), Philotheca obovalis (1), Plectranthus<br />
suaveolens (1), Pomaderris bodalla (1), Prostanthera discolor (1), Prostanthera hindii (1), Pseudanthus divaricatissimus<br />
(1), Pterostylis gibbosa (1), Thesium australe (1), Tinospora tinosporoides (1), Tylophora woollsii (1), Velleia perfoliata (1),<br />
Viola cleistogamoides (1), Wilsonia backhousei (1).<br />
Grand Total (1147)<br />
48
49<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
A total of 1555 individual species were<br />
recorded during the new surveys (see<br />
Appendix 9) with the most common<br />
being Lomandra longifolia (46% of sites)<br />
and Breynia oblongifolia (39% of sites).<br />
A total of 595 different genera were<br />
represented, with the most common<br />
being Eucalyptus (81% of sites), Lomandra<br />
(74% of sites), and Acacia (67% of sites).<br />
The families recorded were spread over<br />
159 different taxa, with the most common<br />
plant families being Myrtaceae (98% of<br />
sites), Poaceae (85% of sites), Fabaceae<br />
(84% of sites) and Cyperaceae (77% of<br />
sites). Figure 4.14. Locations of survey sites completed for<br />
current study<br />
4.2.2 Significant taxa<br />
For the purposes of this report the conservation status of plant species has been taken from<br />
schedule 1 of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, the Commonwealth<br />
Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Rare or threatened Australian<br />
plants list (ROTAP; Briggs & Liegh 1996). A total of 57 individuals from 27 different species of<br />
threatened plants were recorded during the new surveys carried out for this project. Table 4.2<br />
below lists all threatened species recorded along with their TSC Act, EPBC Act and ROTAP status<br />
and counts. For definitions of the ROTAP codes see Briggs and Liegh (1996). A single new taxon<br />
was recorded during the field surveys and confirmed by staff at the Royal Botanic Gardens,<br />
Sydney. This new taxon was confirmed as a hybrid grevillea G. speciosa X shiressii.<br />
4.2.3 Naturalised species<br />
During the field surveys a total of 129 naturalised species were recorded from 41 different<br />
families with the majority of species belonging to Asteraceae (26.4% of species recorded),<br />
Poaceae (13.2%) and Fabaceae (10.9%). The most common naturalised species recorded as a<br />
percentage of the total number of individual weeds recorded were Lantana camara (18.4% of<br />
weed species recorded), Hypochaeris radicata (6.3%) and Cirsium vulgare (4.5%). Table 4.3 below<br />
lists all naturalised species recorded during the field surveys along with the total number of<br />
sites in which they were recorded.<br />
Table 4.3. List of rare or threatened species recorded during field surveys<br />
Family Genus Botanical name TSC Act EPBC Act ROTAP Count<br />
asclepiadaceae Cynanchum Cynanchum elegans endangered endangered 3eCi 2<br />
Davalliaceae Arthropteris Arthropteris palisotii endangered 1<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia Hibbertia procumbens endangered 1<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis Lastreopsis hispida endangered 1<br />
Fabaceae Acacia Acacia terminalis subsp.<br />
terminalis<br />
endangered endangered 2RCi 1<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia Goodenia fordiana 2RC- 6
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 4.3. List of rare or threatened species recorded during field surveys continued<br />
Family Genus Botanical name TSC Act EPBC Act ROTAP Count<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora Angophora inopina Vulnerable Vulnerable 2<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon Callistemon acuminatus 3RC- 4<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp.<br />
fergusonii<br />
50<br />
3KC- 6<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus glaucina Vulnerable Vulnerable 3VCa 1<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus largeana 3R 5<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus oblonga endangered<br />
population<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus oresbia Vulnerable 4<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalyptus seeana endangered<br />
population<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium Syzygium paniculatum Vulnerable Vulnerable 3VCi 1<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago Plantago palustris 2RC- 1<br />
Poaceae Bothriochloa Bothriochloa biloba Vulnerable 3V 1<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea Grevillea guthrieana endangered endangered 3V 1<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea Grevillea montana 2KC- 1<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea Grevillea shiressii Vulnerable Vulnerable 2VCit 2<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris Pomaderris queenslandica endangered 2<br />
Rutaceae Boronia Boronia rubiginosa 2RCa 3<br />
Rutaceae Boronia Boronia umbellata Vulnerable Vulnerable 2VC- 1<br />
Santalaceae Santalum Santalum obtusifolium 3VCi+ 3<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca Tetratheca juncea Vulnerable Vulnerable 3VCa 1<br />
Winteraceae Tasmannia Tasmannia purpurascens Vulnerable Vulnerable 2VC-t 2<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia Macrozamia flexuosa 2K 1<br />
Table 4.4. List of naturalised species recorded during field surveys<br />
Family Genus Botanical name Count<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus Amaranthus powellii 1<br />
anacardiaceae Schinus Schinus areira 1<br />
apiaceae Cyclospermum Cyclospermum leptophyllum 3<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle Hydrocotyle bonariensis 1<br />
araceae Zantedeschia Zantedeschia aethiopica 2<br />
asclepiadaceae Araujia Araujia sericifera 8<br />
asclepiadaceae Gomphocarpus Gomphocarpus fruticosus 11<br />
asclepiadaceae Gomphocarpus Gomphocarpus spp. 1<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 1<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus Asparagus officinalis 1<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus Asparagus plumosus 1<br />
asteraceae Ageratina Ageratina adenophora 2<br />
asteraceae Ageratina Ageratina riparia 1<br />
asteraceae Bidens Bidens pilosa 9<br />
asteraceae Bidens Bidens subalternans 6<br />
asteraceae Bidens Bidens tripartita 1<br />
asteraceae Carthamus Carthamus lanatus 1<br />
1<br />
1
Table 4.4: List of naturalised species recorded during field surveys continued<br />
51<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Family Genus Botanical name Count<br />
asteraceae Centaurea Centaurea spp. 2<br />
asteraceae Chondrilla Chondrilla juncea 1<br />
asteraceae Chrysanthemoides Chrysanthemoides monilifera 6<br />
asteraceae Chrysanthemoides Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata 4<br />
asteraceae Cirsium Cirsium spp. 1<br />
asteraceae Cirsium Cirsium vulgare 23<br />
asteraceae Conyza Conyza bonariensis 2<br />
asteraceae Conyza Conyza spp. 7<br />
asteraceae Conyza Conyza sumatrensis 10<br />
asteraceae Crepis Crepis capillaris 1<br />
asteraceae Delairea Delairea odorata 1<br />
asteraceae Facelis Facelis retusa 1<br />
asteraceae Galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora 2<br />
asteraceae Gamochaeta Gamochaeta americana 1<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris Hypochaeris glabra 4<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris Hypochaeris radicata 32<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris Hypochaeris spp. 1<br />
asteraceae Lactuca Lactuca serriola 1<br />
asteraceae Schkuhria Schkuhria pinnata var. abrotanoides 1<br />
asteraceae Senecio Senecio jacobaea 1<br />
asteraceae Senecio Senecio madagascariensis 17<br />
asteraceae Sonchus Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens 1<br />
asteraceae Sonchus Sonchus oleraceus 14<br />
asteraceae Tagetes Tagetes minuta 2<br />
asteraceae Taraxacum Taraxacum officinale 8<br />
asteraceae Xanthium Xanthium italicum 1<br />
asteraceae Xanthium Xanthium occidentale 1<br />
asteraceae Xanthium Xanthium spinosum 3<br />
Boraginaceae Cynoglossum Cynoglossum australe var. australe 2<br />
Boraginaceae Echium Echium plantagineum 1<br />
Brassicaceae Brassica Brassica juncea 1<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium Lepidium bonariense 2<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia Opuntia spp. 2<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia Opuntia stricta 4<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia Opuntia stricta var. stricta 1<br />
Callitrichaceae Callitriche Callitriche stagnalis 3<br />
Cannabaceae Cannabis Cannabis sativa 1<br />
Caprifoliaceae Lonicera Lonicera japonica 1<br />
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium Cerastium glomeratum 2<br />
Caryophyllaceae Paronychia Paronychia brasiliana 1<br />
Caryophyllaceae Petrorhagia Petrorhagia nanteuilii 10<br />
Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon Polycarpon tetraphyllum 1<br />
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria Stellaria media 13<br />
Caryophyllaceae Vaccaria Vaccaria hispanica 1<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium Chenopodium album 2
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 4.4: List of naturalised species recorded during field surveys continued<br />
Family Genus Botanical name Count<br />
Clusiaceae Hypericum Hypericum perforatum 2<br />
Commelinaceae Tradescantia Tradescantia zebrina 1<br />
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea Ipomoea cairica 2<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus Cyperus eragrostis 1<br />
Fabaceae Medicago Medicago arabica 2<br />
Fabaceae Medicago Medicago lupulina 2<br />
Fabaceae Medicago Medicago polymorpha 2<br />
Fabaceae Medicago Medicago sativa 2<br />
Fabaceae Medicago Medicago spp. 2<br />
Fabaceae Senna Senna pendula var. glabrata 2<br />
Fabaceae Senna Senna septemtrionalis 8<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium Trifolium arvense 12<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium Trifolium campestre 1<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium Trifolium cernuum 1<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium Trifolium repens 4<br />
Fabaceae Trifolium Trifolium spp. 5<br />
Fabaceae Vicia Vicia sativa 1<br />
Fabaceae Vicia Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa 1<br />
Gentianaceae Centaurium Centaurium erythraea 2<br />
Juncaceae Juncus Juncus bufonius 1<br />
Lamiaceae Marrubium Marrubium vulgare 2<br />
Lauraceae Cinnamomum Cinnamomum camphora 3<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus Hibiscus diversifolius 1<br />
Malvaceae Modiola Modiola caroliniana 1<br />
Malvaceae Sida Sida rhombifolia 5<br />
Ochnaceae Ochna Ochna serrulata 1<br />
Oleaceae Ligustrum Ligustrum sinense 1<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora Passiflora edulis 2<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora Passiflora suberosa 1<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora Passiflora subpeltata 4<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago Plantago lanceolata 3<br />
Poaceae Aira Aira spp. 1<br />
Poaceae Andropogon Andropogon virginicus 4<br />
Poaceae Axonopus Axonopus fissifolius 2<br />
Poaceae Bromus Bromus catharticus 1<br />
Poaceae Bromus Bromus diandrus 2<br />
Poaceae Bromus Bromus hordeaceus 1<br />
Poaceae Bromus Bromus hordeaceus subsp. molliformis 1<br />
Poaceae Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 2<br />
Poaceae Ehrharta Ehrharta erecta 2<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis Eragrostis curvula 2<br />
Poaceae Festuca Festuca elatior 2<br />
Poaceae Lolium Lolium perenne 1<br />
Poaceae Paspalum Paspalum dilatatum 4<br />
Poaceae Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1<br />
52
Table 4.4: List of naturalised species recorded during field surveys continued<br />
53<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Family Genus Botanical name Count<br />
Poaceae Phyllostachys Phyllostachys aurea 1<br />
Poaceae Setaria Setaria pumila 1<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus Sporobolus fertilis 1<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria Persicaria strigosa 1<br />
Primulaceae Anagallis Anagallis arvensis 10<br />
Rosaceae Rosa Rosa rubiginosa 2<br />
Rosaceae Rubus Rubus fruticosus sp. agg. 10<br />
Rosaceae Rubus Rubus moluccanus 1<br />
Rubiaceae Richardia Richardia stellaris 1<br />
Rutaceae Citrus Citrus x taitensis 2<br />
Salicaceae Salix Salix babylonica 1<br />
Scrophulariaceae Verbascum Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus 1<br />
Scrophulariaceae Verbascum Verbascum virgatum 1<br />
Solanaceae Solanum Solanum mauritianum 5<br />
Solanaceae Solanum Solanum nigrum 16<br />
Urticaceae Urtica Urtica urens 1<br />
Verbenaceae Lantana Lantana camara 94<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena Verbena bonariensis 2<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena Verbena officinalis 1<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena Verbena quadrangularis 7<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena Verbena rigida 1<br />
Zingiberaceae Hedychium Hedychium gardnerianum 1<br />
4.2.4 Contribution to sampling targets<br />
None of the regional-scale stratification units were unsampled prior to the survey work,<br />
however, 59 of the subregional units and three of the coastal units were unsampled. Subsequent<br />
to the surveys, 51 of the subregional units remained unsampled, however, the number of<br />
unsampled coastal units was not reduced. The unsampled Quaternary geology units included<br />
in-channel bars which were mostly cleared riparian areas on private land, beach-ridge swales<br />
and dune-deflation hollows which were made up of a small number of restricted areas, and an<br />
undifferentiated unit which was represented by small, isolated water bodies. A general bias was<br />
observed in all of the target sampling units: the majority of survey sites collated had sampled<br />
more accessible areas and were more often in Crown tenures than on private lands. The result<br />
of this is that many of the sampling priorities were difficult to access either due to terrain or<br />
entry issues.<br />
Of the regional priorities, environmental domain units with less than 50 sites overall were<br />
reduced from nine before sampling to seven after and the least sampled unit had 19 sites.<br />
Similarly, before sampling, nine of these units had less than one site per 1000 ha, whereas after<br />
sampling only four units contained less than this proportion. At the subregional scale prior to<br />
sampling 109 of the classified SPOT5 units contained less than three sites per unit compared<br />
to 101 units after sampling. A total of 80 units initially contained less than one site per 1000 ha<br />
compared to 65 after sampling; however, as mentioned above there were still a large number of<br />
units which still remained unsampled and it is predicted that these units will be increasingly
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
difficult and costly to sample. At the local / coastal scale, 14 of the Quaternary geology units<br />
contained less than three sites per unit while after sampling this was reduced to five units. In<br />
terms of the proportional sampling priorities nine of the coastal units contained less than one<br />
site per 1000 ha prior to sampling and this was reduced to four units.<br />
The final site selection process was based on the areas identified by the expert review panel<br />
(see section 3.2.3). Sampling of these areas mostly required liaison with landholders as the<br />
majority were private tenure. This process is time consuming and generally yields poor<br />
response rates from landholders. However, a number of surveys were carried out within<br />
these areas, in particular, reasonably good sampling of the large poorly sampled area to the<br />
north of Murrurundi was achieved. A number of areas identified through this process remain<br />
under-sampled, in particular, areas to the north-east in the Taree hinterland and the foothills<br />
of the tablelands escarpment proved difficult to access: these areas are both rugged terrain and<br />
predominately privately owned.<br />
4.3 Vegetation community classification<br />
4.3.1 Expert review of the draft classification scheme<br />
The draft final classification scheme presented to the expert review panel was based on a total<br />
analysis dataset of 5531 sites and included 258 proposed groups of which 70 groups remained<br />
unresolved at the time of review. The botanical team deferred finalisation of these 70 groups<br />
until after the review workshop. Of the 5531 sites included in the draft classification 265 were<br />
unallocated at the time of review, 164 were removed from the classification due to suspected<br />
errors in the data and 39 individual sites were marked for review to determine whether they<br />
belonged with an existing group or represented a poorly sampled community.<br />
4.3.2 Outcomes of the expert review<br />
During the classification review workshop all groups and individual sites marked for review<br />
were discussed and all comments recorded. For each group considered, the expert panel could<br />
advise that the group be removed, split or merged to create new groups, or flagged for further<br />
analysis, along with providing additional details on reasons for proposed changes. In addition<br />
possible outlier sites were identified for checking and removal. The collated feedback from the<br />
review workshop is included in Appendix 6. To summarise the feedback on the 258 groups<br />
presented to the review panel: 161 groups were accepted with no major changes, five were<br />
identified for removal, 78 were identified for either merging or splitting and 14 for further<br />
analysis (see Table 4.4). In addition 45 groups were identified as having possible outlier sites for<br />
removal or reallocation.<br />
A further 32 known communities were proposed by the panel which were considered to<br />
be unrepresented in the classification. Of the 39 individual sites presented to the review for<br />
consideration as possibly representing under-sampled communities 14 were identified as either<br />
belonging to existing groups or representing under-sampled communities. Of these nine were<br />
shrubby rock outcrop sites and five were identified as representing the only sample of possible<br />
poorly sampled communities.<br />
54
4.3.3 Final classification scheme<br />
55<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
The final classification scheme was developed based on the feedback from the review workshop<br />
and further analyses. A total of 4678 sites were allocated to 210 communities in the final<br />
classification scheme. During the revision, changes were made to the allocation of 855 sites. Of<br />
these 108 sites were removed from the final classification and the remaining were allocated to<br />
different groups (including a small number of previously unallocated sites). Of the 258 groups<br />
presented to the review panel 207 were retained in the final classification (in some cases with<br />
changes and/or merging with other groups) and three new groups were created either by<br />
splitting older groups or creating new groups from previously unallocated sites. In addition to<br />
these, 16 groups that were not represented within the scheme but were considered appropriate<br />
for conclusion were listed with the final classification. A number of these unrepresented<br />
communities were identified through the grasslands workshop (see below), while others<br />
were identified through the review process outlined above in section 3.4.7. Table 4.5 lists all<br />
final communities and indicates whether they were represented within the final classification<br />
scheme. A brief description of each community is given below in section 4.5.4. For convenience<br />
the descriptions have been grouped by Keith formations / subformations and within that have<br />
been retained in dendrogram order.<br />
Table 4.5. Overview of outcomes of the expert review of the classification scheme<br />
Statistics from vegetation classification review<br />
Groups requiring site cleaning (e.g. remove outliers)<br />
Number<br />
45<br />
Groups accepted by experts 161<br />
Groups requiring action Remove 5<br />
Merge 68<br />
Merge / split 7<br />
Split 3<br />
Checking 14<br />
Total requiring action 97<br />
Groups under-sampled 32<br />
Total number of groups classified 258<br />
4.3.4 Expert review of grasslands communities<br />
An expert review workshop was held to identify grassland communities known to exist<br />
within the study area. It should be noted that a small number of grassland communities were<br />
represented within the final classification scheme, however, given the general focus on woody<br />
vegetation in the majority of surveys compiled it was considered unlikely that these groups<br />
would provide a comprehensive list of grassland communities in the study area. The initial<br />
task for the workshop was to develop a working definition of native grassland communities to<br />
guide discussions. The following definition was developed during the workshop:<br />
grasslands<br />
➜ 50% of ground cover present is made up of grasses (i.e. members of Poaceae family)<br />
➜ Ground cover dominated by native perennial grasses
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
➜ Minimum unit of area = 0.1 ha<br />
natural grasslands<br />
➜ Grasslands where lack of woody over-storey is due to natural processes not human<br />
activity<br />
derived grasslands<br />
➜ Grasslands where original woody over-storey (shrubs or trees) has been removed<br />
through human activity<br />
A total of eight natural and five derived native grassland communities were identified through<br />
the workshop (see Table 4.6). A table of proposed grassland communities developed by the<br />
workshop along with information on the spatial distribution and ecological factors relating<br />
to the communities has been included in Appendix 10. The grassland communities were<br />
included with other unsampled communities identified through the review process and will be<br />
considered for further sampling as part of any future mapping work.<br />
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 1 antarctic Beech / Sassafras cool temperate rainforest in high altitude areas of the Lower North Coast<br />
and New england Tableland<br />
56<br />
Classification<br />
MU 2 Black Olive Berry / Black Sassafras cool temperate rainforest Classification<br />
MU 3 Lilly Pilly / Sandpaper Fig marginal warm temperate rainforest of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter<br />
Valley<br />
Classification<br />
MU 4 Sassafras / Prickly ash warm temperate rainforest Classification<br />
MU 5 Socketwood / Lilly Pilly dry subtropical rainforest in Towarri NP and Cedar Brush NR Classification<br />
MU 6 Sandpaper Fig / Whalebone Tree warm temperate rainforest Classification<br />
MU 7 Lilly Pilly / Grey Myrtle / Rasp Fern warm temperate rainforest of Barrington foothills and Central<br />
Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 8 Bangalow Palm / Coachwood / Sassafras gully rainforest of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 9 Jackwood / Lilly Pilly riparian rainforest of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 10 Lilly Pilly / Coachwood sandstone gully warm temperate rainforest on sandstone ranges of the<br />
Sydney Basin<br />
Classification<br />
MU 11 Sassafras / Grey Possumwood warm temperate rainforest Classification<br />
MU 12 Sassafras warm temperate rainforest Classification<br />
MU 13 Rosewood / Brown Beech subtropical rainforest on the southern slopes of Barrington area Classification<br />
MU 14 Tuckeroo / Coast Banksia littoral rainforest and coastal low open forest Classification<br />
MU 15 Brown Myrtle / Lilly Pilly dry rainforest Classification<br />
MU 16 Grey Myrtle dry rainforest of sheltered sandstone gullies in northern Wollemi NP Classification<br />
MU 17 Grey Myrtle / Large-fruited Grey Gum gully rainforest of northern Wollemi NP and Upper Hunter<br />
Valley<br />
Classification<br />
MU 18 Whalebone Tree / Red Kamala dry subtropical rainforest of the Lower Hunter River Classification<br />
MU 19 Shatterwood dry rainforest Classification<br />
MU 20 Rusty Fig / Alectryon subcinereus / Native Olive / dry rainforest of the Central Hunter Valley Classification<br />
MU 21 Giant Stinging Tree / Sandpaper Fig dry subtropical rainforest at Mt Yengo Classification<br />
MU 22 Sydney Blue Gum / Silvertop Stringybark grassy open forest of ranges of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 23 Silvertop Stringybark / Messmate / Sydney Blue Gum moist shrub / grass open forest of ranges of the<br />
Lower North Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 24 Tallowwood / Small-fruited Grey Gum / Kangaroo Grass foothills dry grassy open forest Classification<br />
MU 25 Tallowwood / Spotted Gum / Large-fruited Grey Gum grass / herb open forest Classification
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
57<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 26 Small-fruited Grey Gum / Turpentine / Tallowwood moist open forest of the Lower North Coast<br />
foothills<br />
Classification<br />
MU 27 Forest Ribbon Gum / Silvertop Stringybark / Snow Gum / Snow Grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 28 Silvertop Stringybark / Forest Ribbon Gum grass forb tall open forest Classification<br />
MU 29 Narrow-leaved Peppermint / Forest Ribbon Gum grassy open forest of the eastern Tablelands Classification<br />
MU 30 Messmate / Silvertop Stringybark / Tussock Grass shrub / grass open forest of western Barrington area Classification<br />
MU 31 Mountain Gum / Forest Ribbon Gum grassy open forest in Ben Halls Gap Classification<br />
MU 32 Tallowwood / Smooth-barked apple / Forest Oak shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 33 Rough-barked apple / Forest Oak herb / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 34 Pink Bloodwood / Thin-leaved Stringybark / Grey Inronbark shrub / grass forest on ranges of the North<br />
Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 35 Snow Gum / Mountain Gum grassy open forest on Barrington plateau Classification<br />
MU 36 Forest Ribbon Gum sedge / grass woodland of western Barrington area Classification<br />
MU 37 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Narrow-leaved White Mahogany shrub / grass open forest on the slopes of<br />
Barrington Tops<br />
Classification<br />
MU 38 Tallowwood / Sydney Blue Gum shrub / grass open forest on ranges of Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 39 Sydney Blue Gum / New england Blackbutt / Whitetop Box moist shrub / grass open forest of the<br />
Lower North Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 40 Blackbutt / Turpentine / Forest Oak shrub / fern open forest Classification<br />
MU 41 Turpentine / Forest Oak moist shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 42 White Mahogany / Turpentine moist shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 43 Tallowwood / Brush Box / Sydney Blue Gum moist shrubby tall open forest of Lower North Coast<br />
foothills<br />
Classification<br />
MU 44 Blackbutt / Turpentine / Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast ranges Classification<br />
MU 45 Flooded Gum / Brush Box / Tallowwood mesic tall open forest of the Lower North Coast foothills Classification<br />
MU 46 New england Blackbutt / Tallowwood semi-mesic open forest at intermediate altitudes of southern<br />
North Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 47 Sydney Blue Gum / Tallowwood moist tall open forest at mid altitudes of the southern North Coast Classification<br />
MU 48 Grey Myrtle / Mountain Blue Gum ferny gully forest Classification<br />
MU 49 Lilly Pilly / Sydney Blue Gum wet sclerophyll / rainforest of coastal ranges and tablelands escarpment Classification<br />
MU 50 Messmate grassy open forest in Barrington area and tableland edge Classification<br />
MU 51 Messmate / Forest Ribbon Gum shrub / grass open forest of the ranges of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 52 Mountain Gum / Brown Barrel / Snow Gum shrub / grass open forest of northern Barrington area Classification<br />
MU 53 New england Blackbutt / Forest Ribbon Gum moist grass / forb open forest Classification<br />
MU 54 Messmate wet ferny open forest of Barrington area Classification<br />
MU 55 Forest Oak / Smooth-barked apple / Blackbutt open forest Classification<br />
MU 56 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Mountain Blue Gum / Forest Oak shrubby open forest on ranges of the<br />
Sydney Basin<br />
Classification<br />
MU 57 Blue Mountains ash / Turpentine shrubby open forest on rocky slopes of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 58 Forest Oak / Thin-leaved Stringybark / Grey Gum shrub / grass open forest of escarpments of the<br />
Lower North Coast<br />
MU 59 White Mahogany / Spotted Gum / Grey Myrtle shrubby open forest of the Central and Lower Hunter<br />
Valley<br />
Classification<br />
Classification<br />
MU 60 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey Box grassy open forest of sandstone ranges of the Sydney Basin Classification<br />
MU 61 White Box shrubby woodland with Semi-evergreen Vine Thicket elements near Glenbawn Dam Classification<br />
MU 62 White Box / Blackthorn shrubby woodland of western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 63 Spotted Gum / Grey Ironbark dry open forest of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter Classification<br />
MU 64 Spotted Gum moist shrubby open forest Classification
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 65 Spotted Gum / Broad-leaved Mahogany / Red Ironbark moist shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 66 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Rough-barked apple open forest Classification<br />
MU 67 Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 68 Red Ironbark / paperbark shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 69 Forest Red Gum / Broad-leaved apple grassy woodland on serpentinite at Nowendoc Classification<br />
MU 70 Eucalyptus serpentinicola / Allocasuarina ophiolitica / Spinifex grass low mallee woodland on<br />
serpentinite of the Lower North Coast<br />
58<br />
Classification<br />
MU 71 Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 72 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Red Ironbark shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 73 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 74 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Bull Oak shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 75 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey Box / Spotted Gum shrub / grass open forest Classification<br />
MU 76 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Native Olive shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 77 White Box / Silvertop Stringybark shrubby open forest of the Central Hunter Classification<br />
MU 78 Blakely’s Red Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrubby woodland Classification<br />
MU 79 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Spotted Gum / Grey Box open forest on hills of the Hunter Valley Classification<br />
MU 80 White Box / Native Olive woodland of Upper Hunter and Northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 81 Narrow-leaved Ironark / Black Pine dry shrub / grass woodland Classification<br />
MU 82 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Coastal Myall / Native Olive woodland of Central Hunter Classification<br />
MU 83 White Box / Red Box shrubby woodland on sandstone of western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 84 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey Myrtle / Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Rusty Fig open forest on Upper<br />
Hunter ranges<br />
Classification<br />
MU 85 Monkey Gum / Eucalyptus blaxlandii shrubby open forest on basalt of western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 86 Ribbon Gum / Parramatta Wattle shrubby open forest of western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 87 New england Blackbutt shrubby open forest on the escarpment Classification<br />
MU 88 Smooth-barked apple / White Stringybark / Pink Bloodwood / Melaleuca sieberi shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 89 Smooth-barked apple / Red Bloodwood / Brown Stringybark / Wiry Panic heathy open forest Classification<br />
MU 90 Smooth-barked apple open forest of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 91 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Smooth-barked apple / Blue-leaved Stringybark semi-mesic shrub / grass<br />
open forest on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin<br />
Classification<br />
MU 92 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Rough-barked apple shrubby open forest Classification<br />
MU 93 Smooth-barked apple / Swamp Mahogany / Cabbage Palm open forest Classification<br />
MU 94 Podocarpus spinulosus / Burrawang shrubby woodland of the southern Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 95 Smooth-barked apple / Broad-leaved Mahogany heathy woodland on hills at Nelson Bay Classification<br />
MU 96 Smooth-barked apple / Turpentine heathy woodland on sandstones of the northern Sydney Basin Classification<br />
MU 97 Turpentine / Forest Oak / Smooth-barked apple shrubby open forest on ranges of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 98 Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrubby open forest of northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 99 Sydney Peppermint / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy open forest of north-west Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 100 Sydney Peppermint semi-mesic open forest of northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 101 Sydney Peppermint / Silvertop ash / Gymea Lily ferny woodland Classification<br />
MU 102 Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca nodosa shrubby woodland in the Cessnock / Kurri Kurri area Classification<br />
MU 103 Yellow Bloodwood / Red Bloodwood / Brown Stringybark shrub / grass open forest in the<br />
Cessnock / Kurri Kurri area<br />
MU 104 Narrow-leaved apple / Parramatta Red Gum / Persoonia oblongata heathy woodland of the Howes<br />
Valley area<br />
Classification<br />
Classification<br />
MU 105 Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood heath woodland of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 106 Smooth-barked apple / Scribbly Gum grass / shrub woodland of Central Coast lowlands Classification
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
59<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 107 Yellow Bloodwood / Narrow-leaved apple heathy woodland on Hawkesbury Sandstone Classification<br />
MU 108 Dwarf apple / Scribbly Gum heathy low woodland on Hawkesbury Sandstone of southern Central<br />
Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 109 Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood / Old Man Banksia heathy woodland of southern Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 110 Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked apple / Old Man Banksia heathy woodland in the Watagans Classification<br />
MU 111 Coast Tea Tree / Old Man Banksia coastal shrubland Classification<br />
MU 112 Old Man Banksia / Rough-barked apple / Bangalay shrubby open forest on coastal sand Classification<br />
MU 113 Smooth-barked apple / Blackbutt / Old Man Banksia coastal sands woodland Classification<br />
MU 114 Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked apple heath woodland on coastal sands of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 115 Smooth-barked apple / Blackbutt heathy open forest Classification<br />
MU 116 Melaleuca sieberi / Lepyrodia scariosa heathy woodland of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 117 Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca sieberi / Swamp Mahogany swamp forest on the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 118 Camfield’s Stringybark heathy woodland of the Central Coast lowlands Classification<br />
MU 119 Coast Tea Tree / Coast Banksia / Ficinia nodosa dune low open forest Classification<br />
MU 120 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrubby open forest on sandstone Classification<br />
MU 121 Grey Box / Slaty Box shrub / grass woodland Classification<br />
MU 122 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black Pine / Acacia linearifolia shrub / grass open forest in Goulburn River NP Classification<br />
MU 123 Bulga Wattle low closed forest Classification<br />
MU 124 Rough-barked apple / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Blakely’s Red Gum / Bull Oak / Coast Banksia / Bracken<br />
woodland of Warkworth area<br />
Classification<br />
MU 125 Rough-barked apple grass / forb riparian open forest Classification<br />
MU 126 Narrow-leaved Ironbark heath woodland in Goulburn River NP Classification<br />
MU 127 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black Pine / Cassinia arcuata heathy open forest of the Upper Hunter Classification<br />
MU 128 Mugga Ironbark / Black Pine shrub / grass open forest of far-west Upper Hunter Classification<br />
MU 129 Tumbledown Red Gum / Spinifex grass heathy low open woodland of the western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 130 Whipstick Mallee ash / Yertchuk heathy mallee woodland of central Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 131 Whipstick Mallee ash / Casuarina / Baeckea brevifolia mallee woodland of central Wollemi & southern<br />
Central Coast<br />
MU 132 Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Fringe Myrtle / Phebalium squamulosum heathy woodland of the<br />
western Blue Mountains<br />
Classification<br />
Classification<br />
MU 133 Yertchuck / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy woodland of northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 134 Narrow-leaved Stringybark heathy open forest in Towarri and Wingen Maid NPs Classification<br />
MU 135 Red Ironbark / Large fruited grey gum / Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Brown Bloodwood shrubby open<br />
forest in north-west Wollemi and eastern Goulburn River NP<br />
Classification<br />
MU 136 Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy open forest in northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 137 Brown Bloodwood / Dwyer’s Red Gum heathy woodland of northern Wollemi and Goulburn River NP Classification<br />
MU 138 Red Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum / Black Pine / heathy woodland in Goulburn River NP Classification<br />
MU 139 Black Pine / Red Ironbark / Brown Bloodwood shrubby woodland Classification<br />
MU 140 Red Ironbark / Brown Bloodwood / Black Pine heathy open forest in Goulburn River NP Classification<br />
MU 141 Scribbly Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Bossiaea rhombifolia heathy open forest of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Classification<br />
MU 142 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Scribbly Gum / Black Pine heathy open forest of western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 143 Caley’s Ironbark / Currawang shrubby woodland of northern Wollemi Classification<br />
MU 144 Brown Bloodwood / Currawang / Caley’s Ironbark shrubby woodland of eastern Goulburn River area Classification<br />
MU 145 Dywer’s Red Gum / Fringe Myrtle sandstone plateau heathy open woodland of the Upper Hunter<br />
Valley<br />
Classification
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 146 Dywer’s Red Gum / Micromyrtus sessilis sandstone plateau heathy open woodland of the Upper<br />
Hunter Valley<br />
60<br />
Classification<br />
MU 147 Smooth-barked apple / Swamp Mahogany woodland on Wallarah Peninsula Classification<br />
MU 148 Silvertop Stringybark / Yellow Box grassy open forest of the eastern Liverpool Range Classification<br />
MU 149 Silvertop Stringybark / Tussock Grass grassy open forest of the northern Upper Hunter Classification<br />
MU 150 Rough-barked apple / Tree Violet grass / forb open forest on sheltered sites of the Liverpool Range Classification<br />
MU 151 Silvertop Stringybark / Boxthorn Woodland on basalt Classification<br />
MU 152 White Box / Grass Tree / Spinifex woodland at Glenbawn Dam Classification<br />
MU 153 Snow Gum / Black Sallee wet shrub / grass open forest on the Barrington plateau Classification<br />
MU 154 Black Sallee grass / forb woodland on Barrington Tops Classification<br />
MU 155 Silvertop Stringybark / White Box grassy open forest of the slopes of the Liverpool Range Classification<br />
MU 156 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey Box grassy woodland Classification<br />
MU 157 Bull Oak grassy woodland in the Hunter Valley Classification<br />
MU 158 Yellow Box / Rough-barked apple grassy woodland Classification<br />
MU 159 White Box grassy woodland Classification<br />
MU 160 Yellow Box grassy woodland Classification<br />
MU 161 Blakely’s Red Gum / Rough-barked apple shrubby woodland Classification<br />
MU 162 Kangaroo Grass / Westringia friuticosa grassland on coastal headlands Classification<br />
MU 163 Plains Grass grassland Classification<br />
MU 164 Heath-leaved Banksia / Coral Fern wet heath on sandstone of the lower Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 165 Dwarf Casuarina / Melaleuca nodosa coastal heath Classification<br />
MU 166 Melaleuca nodosa / Fern-leaved Banksia headland heath of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 167 Dwarf Casuarina / Wallum Banksia coastal heath of coastal headlands of Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 168 Wallum Banksia / Monotoca scoparia heath on coastal sands Classification<br />
MU 169 Fern-leaf Banksia / Melaleuca nodosa / Leptocarpus tenax wallum heath Classification<br />
MU 170 Heath-leaved Banksia / Fern-leaved Banksia / Wallum Boronia wet heath on coastal sands of Lower<br />
North Coast<br />
Classification<br />
MU 171 Leptospermum liversidgei / Crimson Bottlebrush wallum wet heath of Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 172 Fern-leaf Banksia / Needlebush / Leptocarpus tenax / Lepyrodia scariosa wet heath on sandstone Classification<br />
MU 173 Rock outcrops shrublands complex of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 174 Broom Bush / Allocasuarina gymnanthera heathy woodland Classification<br />
MU 175 Shrublands of rocky sites in the Barrington Tops area Classification<br />
MU 176 Tantoon / Lepyrodia leptocaulis drainage line shrubland of the western Blue Mountains Classification<br />
MU 177 Melaleuca decora shrubland Classification<br />
MU 178 River Oak / Sandpaper Fig riparian forest of the Upper Hunter Classification<br />
MU 179 Melaleuca nodosa paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained soils of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 180 Melaleuca nodosa paperbark woodland / shrubland on undulating areas of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 181 Broad-leaved Paperbark / Swamp Mahogany / Swamp Oak / Saw Sedge swamp forest Classification<br />
MU 182 Swamp Mahogany / Melaleuca linariifolia swamp forest of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 183 Paperbarks / Woollybutt swamp forest on the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 184 Swamp Mahogany / Broad-leaved Paperbark / Villarsia exalata swamp forest of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 185 Swamp Mahogany / Paperbarks / Hypolepis muelleri swamp forest of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 186 Melaleuca biconvexa / Swamp Mahogany swamp forest of the Central Coast Classification<br />
MU 187 Broad-leaved Paperbark / Saw Sedge swamp forest of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 188 Swamp Mahogany / Swamp Water Fern / Plume Rush swamp forest Classification<br />
MU 189 Melaleuca linariifolia / Carex appressa shrubland of the Hunter Valley Classification
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
61<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
MU 190 Swamp Oak / Juncus krausii / Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 191 Swamp Oak / Meleleuca styphelioides / Carex appressa swamp forest Classification<br />
MU 192 Swamp Oak swamp forest of coastal lowlands Classification<br />
MU 193 Melaleuca ericifolia / Baumea juncea swamp shrubland Classification<br />
MU 194 Swamp Oak grassy riparian forest of the Central Hunter Classification<br />
MU 195 River Oak riparian forest of the western Hunter Classification<br />
MU 196 River Red Gum / River Oak riparian woodland of the Hunter Valley Classification<br />
MU 197 Baloskion pallens / Wallum Bottlebrush wallum sedge heath of the Lower North Coast Classification<br />
MU 198 Cladium procerum wetland Classification<br />
MU 199 Water Couch / Spike rush freshwater wetland of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter Classification<br />
MU 200 Typha rushland Classification<br />
MU 201 Spirodella freshwater wetland Classification<br />
MU 202 Philydrum lanuginosum / Sporobolus virginicus wetland Classification<br />
MU 203 Elaeocharis sphacelata freshwater wetland Classification<br />
MU 204 Lepironia articulata sedgeland Classification<br />
MU 205 Baumea articulata sedgeland Classification<br />
MU 206 Baloskion stenocoleum / Poa costiniana sedgeland on Barrington Tops Classification<br />
MU 207 Baloskion stenocoleum / Hakea microcarpa wet heath on Barrington Tops and tableland edge Classification<br />
MU 208 Carex gaudichaudiana fens on the tablelands Classification<br />
MU 209 Saltmarsh / estuarine Complex Classification<br />
MU 210 Grey Mangrove low closed forest Classification<br />
Eucalyptus nortonii open forest of the Upper Hunter Valley expert Review<br />
Goulburn River shrubland expert Review<br />
Eucalyptus cannonii / Angophora floribunda / Banksia marginata open forest of the western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
expert Review<br />
Freshwater wetlands complex of coastal lowlands expert Review<br />
Eucalyptus largeana forest expert Review<br />
Angophora subveultina woodland on alluvial terraces around Gloucester expert Review<br />
Spinifex sericeus foredune grassland expert Review<br />
Weeping Lilly Pilly riparian rainforest expert Review<br />
Upper Hunter Valley Weeping Myall woodlands (eeC) expert Review<br />
Inland / Western Rosewood low woodland expert Review<br />
Eucalyptus gonioclayx mid-high open woodlands / woodlands on Tertiary basalt expert Review<br />
Casuarina cristata tall open woodlands / open forests on Garawilla volcanics expert Review<br />
Mallee Blackbutt (E. pilularis) for low sand rises at Crowdy and Minimbar expert Review<br />
Eucalyptus umbra / E. carnea forests on ranges of the Lower North Coast expert Review<br />
Eucalyptus ligustrina forest of the Lower North Coast expert Review<br />
Mixed derived grasslands of lower fertility soils on valley floor Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Poa spp. / Microlaena stipoides derived grasslands of higher altitudes Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Derived Blady Grass grasslands Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Microlaena stipoides grasslands of alluvial plains / riparian areas Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Cynodon dactylon grasslands of alluvial plains, floodplains and terraces Grasslands<br />
Workshop
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Table 4.6. List of vegetation communities and sources continued<br />
MU ID Community name Source<br />
Plains Grass grassland of higher fertility soils (already included in scheme MU163) Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Themeda australis / Sorghum leiocladum grasslands Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Capillipedium spicigerum grassland Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Themeda grasslands on seacliffs and coastal headlands (already included in scheme MU162) Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Coastal dune grasslands Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Triodia grassland/shrubland Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Grassy balds Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
Cleitochloa rigida / Entolasia stricta grasslands of sandstone outcrops and cliff faces Grasslands<br />
Workshop<br />
4.3.5 Brief vegetation community descriptions<br />
4.3.5.1 RaINFOReSTS<br />
Cool temperate rainforests<br />
MU 1 — Antarctic Beech / Sassafras cool temperate rainforest in high altitude areas of the Lower<br />
North Coast and New England Tableland<br />
Tall closed forests with a canopy dominated by Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) and a<br />
small tree layer dominated by Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras). A sparse shrub layer is often<br />
present and includes shrubs such as Tasmannia purpurascens and Coprosma quadrifida, and<br />
tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica). The ground layer is mainly ferny and dominated by species<br />
including Polystichum proliferum and Histiopteris incisa, and sparse forbs such as Veronica<br />
notabilis. Climbers include Parsonsia brownii and Smilax australis. This community appears to<br />
be relatively resilient to weed invasion with no species recorded in more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area this community is restricted to higher elevations (over 1000 m) in the<br />
Barrington Tops area on basalt.<br />
MU 2 — Black Olive Berry / Black Sassafras cool temperate rainforest<br />
Tall closed forests with a canopy dominated by Elaeocarpus holopetalus and Atherosperma<br />
moschatum. The understorey includes shrubs such as Leptospermum polygalifolium and<br />
Callistemon pallidus, and tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica). The ground layer is ferny and<br />
dominated by Todea barbata and Blechnum nudum, with various graminoid and forb species,<br />
including Poa sieberiana, Viola hederacea and Juncus laevisculus. As with MU 1, weed species<br />
are relatively uncommon with none being recorded in more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area this community is restricted to basalt gully sites on the Liverpool<br />
Range, Northern Escarpment and Barrington Tops at higher elevations.<br />
62
Warm temperate rainforests<br />
63<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 3 — Lilly Pilly / Sandpaper Fig marginal warm temperate rainforest of the Central Coast and<br />
Lower Hunter Valley<br />
Open forests to closed forests with an overstorey characterised by Acmena smithii and<br />
Ficus coronata, and commonly including Backhousia myrtifolia, Melicope micrococca, Melaleuca<br />
styphelioides, Diospyros australis and Cryptocarya microneura. Eucalyptus saligna and Syncarpia<br />
glomulifera are often present as emergents. Various smaller trees and shrubs are commonly<br />
present in the mid storey, including Glochidion ferdinandi, Acacia implexa, Hibiscus heterophyllus<br />
and Hymenosporum flavum. A diverse range of vines is also typically present in the mid and<br />
overstorey, including Geitonoplesium cymosum, Stephania japonica, Smilax australis, Parsonsia<br />
straminea, Morinda jasminoides, Dioscorea transversa, Cayratia clematidea, Sarcopetalum<br />
harveyanum, Cissus antarctica and Pandorea pandorana. The ground layer is typically a mix<br />
of graminoids, including Hypolepis muelleri, Lomandra longifolia, Dianella caerulea and Carex<br />
appressa; ferns including Adiantum aethiopicum, Doodia aspera and Adiantum hispidulum;<br />
grasses, including Oplismenus aemulus, O. imbecillis and Entolasia marginata; and sparse<br />
forbs, such as Pseuderanthemum variabile, Commelina cyanea and Plectranthus parviflorus. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in sheltered sites on sandstone coastal ranges<br />
of the Central Coast.<br />
MU 4 — Sassafras / Prickly Ash warm temperate rainforest<br />
Closed forests with a diverse canopy characterised by Doryphora sassafras and Orites<br />
excelsus, and commonly including Acmena smithii, Schizomeria ovata, Pennantia cunninghamii,<br />
Caldcluvia paniculosa, Ceratopetalum apetalum, Sloanea woollsii, Heritiera actinophylla,<br />
Daphnandra species A, Cryptocarya foveolata and Polyosma cunninghamii. Eucalyptus saligna<br />
may occasionally be present as an emergent tree. A mid storey of smaller trees and shrubs<br />
is typically present and may include Tasmannia insipida, Cryptocarya meissneriana, Diospyros<br />
australis and the tree fern Cyathea australis. A diverse range of climbers is also commonly<br />
present in the mid and overstorey, including Ripogonum discolor, Pandorea pandorana,<br />
Palmeria scandens, Morinda jasminoides, Cissus hypoglauca, C. antarctica, Parsonsia straminea<br />
and Marsdenia rostrate, along with a range of epiphytes such as Dendrobium pugioniforme,<br />
Sarcochilus falcatus and Pyrrosia rupestris. The ground layer is typically ferny with common<br />
ground ferns including Microsorum scandens, Lastreopsis decomposita, Arthropteris tenella,<br />
Pteris umbrosa, Diplazium australe and Blechnum cartilagineum. Sparse forbs, such as<br />
Drymophila moorei, and graminoids including Lomandra spicata and Gymnostachys anceps<br />
are also commonly present in the ground layer. No naturalised species were recorded at<br />
more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges and foothills of the Lower North<br />
Coast, including Barrington area, at mid to high elevations.<br />
MU 5 — Socketwood / Lilly Pilly dry subtropical rainforest in Towarri National Park and Cedar<br />
Brush Nature Reserve<br />
Closed forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Daphnandra species A<br />
and Acmena smithii, with other common canopy species including Dendrocnide excelsa,<br />
Alectryon subcinereus, Melicope micrococca and Cryptocarya microneura. Eucalyptus saligna
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
may occasionally be present as an emergent tree. A mid storey of smaller trees and shrubs<br />
is commonly present and includes Diospyros australis, Claoxylon australe, Pittosporum<br />
undulatum, Hymenosporum flavum, Melicytus dentatus, Rubus rosifolius and Coprosma<br />
quadrifida. Various climbers are commonly present in the mid storey such as Cissus<br />
antarctica, Pandorea pandorana, Parsonsia straminea, Morinda jasminoides, Marsdenia rostrata<br />
and Tylophora barbata, along with epiphytes such as Pyrrosia rupestris and Sarcochilus<br />
falcatus. The ground layer is predominately ferny, with common fern species including<br />
Pellaea falcata, Adiantum formosum, Arthropteris tenella, Polystichum fallax, Pteris umbrosa,<br />
Lastreopsis decomposita, Microsorum scandens and Pteris tremula. Various forbs may also be<br />
commonly present, though less abundant, such as Urtica incisa and Aneilema acuminatum.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded for this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on sheltered sites on basalts of the<br />
Liverpool Range at mid to high elevations, in the Towarri NP and Cedar Brush NR areas.<br />
MU 6 — Sandpaper Fig / Whalebone Tree warm temperate rainforest<br />
Open forests to closed forests characterised by Ficus coronata and Streblus brunonianus.<br />
Other common overstorey species include Acmena smithii, Cryptocarya microneura,<br />
Alectryon subcinereus and Doryphora sassafras, and Eucalyptus saligna is commonly present<br />
as a canopy emergent. The mid storey consists of a range of smaller trees and tall shrubs<br />
including Claoxylon australe, Melicope micrococca, Diospyros australis, Neolitsea dealbata,<br />
Syzygium australe, Hymenosporum flavum, Wilkiea huegeliana and Acronychia oblongifolia.<br />
Various smaller shrubs may also be present in the understorey including Rubus rosifolius,<br />
Pittosporum revolutum and Eupomatia laurina. In addition, a diverse range of climbers is<br />
typically also present in the mid and overstorey, including Cissus antarctica, C. hypoglauca,<br />
Dioscorea transversa, Smilax australis, Stephania japonica, Marsdenia rostrata, Sarcopetalum<br />
harveyanum, Ripogonum album, Geitonoplesium cymosum and Morinda jasminoides. The<br />
understorey is characterised by various ground ferns, such as Doodia aspera and Adiantum<br />
formosum; grasses, predominately Oplismenus imbecillis; and forbs, including Urtica incisa,<br />
Stellaria flaccida and Aneilema acuminatum. Graminoids, including Gymnostachys anceps<br />
and Cyperus tetraphyllus, may also be scattered throughout. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, MU 6 is distributed mainly on sandstones and mudstones, on ranges<br />
and foothills of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast at mid to lower elevations.<br />
MU 7 — Lilly Pilly / Grey Myrtle / Rasp Fern warm temperate rainforest of Barrington foothills and<br />
Central Coast<br />
Open forests to closed forests with a canopy dominated by Backhousia myrtifolia and<br />
Acmena smithii, with other common canopy species including Alectryon subcinereus, Ficus<br />
coronata, Stenocarpus salignus, Tristaniopsis laurina and Ceratopetalum apetalum. Syncarpia<br />
glomulifera is commonly present as an emergent tree. The mid storey consists of smaller<br />
trees and shrubs, commonly including Pittosporum revolutum, P. undulatum, Trochocarpa<br />
laurina, Wilkiea huegeliana, Notelaea longifolia, Diospyros australis, Psychotria loniceroides,<br />
Clerodendrum tomentosum and Allocasuarina torulosa. Numerous climbers and epiphytes<br />
are typically present in the mid and overstorey, with common climbers including Cissus<br />
hypoglauca, Smilax australis, Pandorea pandorana, Morinda jasminoides, C. antarctica, Parsonsia<br />
straminea, Smilax glyciphylla and Dioscorea transversa. Common epiphytes include Pyrrosia<br />
64
65<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
rupestris and Plectorrhiza tridentata. The ground layer is characterised by Doodia aspera, with<br />
other common ground ferns including Adiantum formosum, A. aethiopicum, Hymenophyllum<br />
cupressiforme and Asplenium flabellifolium. Various graminoids and grasses may also<br />
be common, including Lomandra longifolia, Dianella caerulea, Gymnostachys anceps and<br />
Oplismenus imbecillis, along with scattered forbs such as Pseuderanthemum variabile. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges and foothills of the Lower North<br />
Coast (including Barrington area) and Central Coast at mid to lower elevations.<br />
MU 8 — Bangalow Palm / Coachwood / Sassafras gully rainforest of the Central Coast<br />
Species-rich closed forests characterised by a rainforest canopy with projected foliage<br />
cover greater than 70% and commonly including Ceratopetalum apetalum, Archontophoenix<br />
cunninghamiana, Sloanea australis, Doryphora sassafras, Acmena smithii, Livistona australis<br />
and occasionally including emergent eucalypts, such as Eucalyptus saligna and E. deanei.<br />
A diverse small tree layer is typically also present and may include tall shrubs and small<br />
trees, such as Neolitsea dealbata, Diospyros australis and Ficus coronata, along with various<br />
species of climbers, in particular, Palmeria scandens, Ripogonum fawcettianum and Morinda<br />
jasminoides. Common shrubs include Eupomatia laurina, Tasmannia insipida and Trochocarpa<br />
laurina, with tree ferns (Cyathea leichhardtiana) also common in the shrub layer. The ground<br />
layer is typically ferny and dominated by Adiantum silvaticum, along with Blechnum<br />
cartilagineum and Microsorum scandens, with the only other diagnostic ground layer species<br />
being Gymnostachys anceps. This community appears to be susceptible to invasion by privet,<br />
with Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet) recorded in 33% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to sheltered gullies on the sandstone<br />
ranges of the Central Coast at lower elevations.<br />
MU 9 — Jackwood / Lilly Pilly riparian rainforest of the Central Coast<br />
Closed forests with a diverse canopy characterised by Acmena smithii and Cryptocarya<br />
glaucescens with other common tree species including Alectryon subcinereus, Archontophoenix<br />
cunninghamiana, Alphitonia excelsa, Doryphora sassafras, Ficus coronata, Ceratopetalum apetalum,<br />
Stenocarpus salignus, Melicope micrococca and Tristaniopsis laurina. Eucalyptus saligna is<br />
commonly present as a canopy emergent. The mid storey consists of a variety of smaller trees<br />
and shrubs commonly including Commersonia fraseri, Cryptocarya microneura, Neolitsea dealbata,<br />
Wilkiea huegeliana, Syzygium oleosum and Glochidion ferdinandi. Various climbers are also<br />
commonly present in the mid and overstorey, including Morinda jasminoides, Cissus antarctica,<br />
Pandorea pandorana, Dioscorea transversa, Smilax australis, Parsonsia straminea and Marsdenia<br />
rostrata. The ground layer typically consists of a mix of graminoids, including Gymnostachys<br />
anceps, Hypolepis muelleri and Lomandra longifolia, and grasses, mainly Oplismenus imbecillis.<br />
The ground fern Doodia aspera is also common in the understorey. This community appears<br />
to be relatively susceptible to invasion by woody and climbing weeds, with commonly<br />
recorded naturalised species including Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet, 70%),<br />
Lantana camara (Lantana, 50%), Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle, 40%), Passiflora<br />
edulis (Common Passionfruit, 30%) and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor Laurel, 40%).<br />
MU 8 occurs within the study area on sheltered riparian sites of the Central Coast at lower<br />
elevation and mainly on sandstones and sands.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 10 — Lilly Pilly / Coachwood sandstone gully warm temperate rainforest on sandstone ranges<br />
of the Sydney Basin<br />
Closed forests to open forests with a canopy characterised by Acmena smithii, Ceratopetalum<br />
apetalum, Callicoma serratifolia, Doryphora sassafras, Backhousia myrtifolia and Tristaniopsis<br />
laurina, with Eucalyptus deani as an occasional emergent. The understorey typically consists<br />
of a range of shrubs, including Acacia elata, Tasmannia insipida and Pittosporum revolutum;<br />
tree-ferns (Cyathea australis and Todea barbara); and various climbers, such as Pandorea<br />
pandorana, Cissus hypoglauca, Clematis aristata and Marsdenia rostrata. The ground layer is<br />
usually ferny and commonly includes Blechnum cartilagineum and B. nudum. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This unit is closely related to MU 7, however, it occurs on less-sheltered sites and is less<br />
species rich. Within the study area this community occurs in sheltered sites on sandstone<br />
ranges of the Sydney Basin including the Central Coast and Wollemi NP area.<br />
MU 11 — Sassafras / Grey Possumwood warm temperate rainforest<br />
Closed forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Doryphora sassafras and Quintinia<br />
sieberi, with other common canopy trees including Cryptocarya foveolata and Orites excelsus.<br />
The mid storey typically consists of various shrubs and small trees, including Cryptocarya<br />
meissneriana, Aristotelia australasica, Tasmannia insipida and Coprosma quadrifida, with the<br />
rare, small tree Cryptocarya nova-anglica also occasionally present. Tree ferns, including<br />
Dicksonia antarctica, Cyathea australis and Todea Barbara, are also common in the mid storey,<br />
as well as various climbers, including Fieldia australis, Pandorea pandorana and Clematis<br />
aristata, and epiphytes, such as Pyrrosia rupestris and Dendrobium pugioniforme. The ground<br />
layer is characteristically ferny, with common ground ferns including Microsorum scandens,<br />
Blechnum wattsii and Calochlaena dubia. Other common ground layer species include<br />
Lomandra spicata, Drymophila moorei and Urtica incisa. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in sheltered gullies on the Northern<br />
Escarpment at higher elevation on basalts.<br />
MU 12 — Sassafras warm temperate rainforest<br />
Tall open woodlands to closed forests characterised by Doryphora sassafras, with other<br />
common canopy species including Schizomeria ovata and Polyosma cunninghamii, and with<br />
Eucalyptus viminalis commonly occurring as a canopy emergent. The mid storey, consisting<br />
of shrubs and small trees, commonly includes Acacia melanoxylon, Hedycarya angustifolia,<br />
Melicytus dentatus, Coprosma quadrifida, Polyscias sambucifolia, Notelaea longifolia and Rubus<br />
rosifolius. Various climbers are also common in the mid and overstorey, including Parsonsia<br />
lanceolata, Pandorea pandorana, Smilax australis, Clematis glycinoides and Smilax glyciphylla,<br />
with the epiphytic fern Pyrrosia rupestris also common. The ground layer is typically ferny,<br />
with common ferns including Polystichum fallax, Lastreopsis decomposita and Microsorum<br />
scandens, and with scattered forbs such as Urtica incisa also usually present. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area in sheltered gullies on sandstone<br />
plateaux of the western Blue Mountains at higher elevations.<br />
66
Subtropical rainforests<br />
67<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 13 — Rosewood / Brown Beech subtropical rainforest on the southern slopes of Barrington<br />
area<br />
Closed forests with a highly diverse canopy characterised by Dysoxylum fraserianum,<br />
Pennantia cunninghamii and Doryphora sassafras. Other common canopy species include<br />
Daphnandra species A, Dendrocnide excelsa, Sloanea australis, Baloghia inophylla, Polyosma<br />
cunninghamii, Caldcluvia paniculosa, Diospyros pentamera, Brachychiton acerifolius, Citronella<br />
moorei, Ficus coronata, Cryptocarya obovata, C. erythroxylon, C. glaucescens and Orites excelsus.<br />
A mid storey of smaller trees is commonly present and includes Alectryon subcinereus,<br />
Alangium villosum, Mischocarpus australis, Streblus brunonianus, Neolitsea dealbata, Syzygium<br />
australe, Diospyros australis, Claoxylon australe, Vesselowskya rubifolia and Acmena smithii.<br />
Various smaller shrubs may also be present in the understorey, such as Eupomatia laurina,<br />
Tasmannia insipida and Psychotria loniceroides. The ground layer is characteristically ferny,<br />
with common fern species including Pteris umbrosa, Adiantum formosum, Lastreopsis<br />
decomposita, Arthropteris tenella, Microsorum scandens, Lastreopsis acuminata, Diplazium<br />
assimile and Doodia aspera. In addition, various graminoids and forbs are also common in<br />
the ground layer, such as Lomandra spicata, Gymnostachys anceps and Dictymia brownii. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area this community is restricted to the Barrington Tops area at mid<br />
elevations.<br />
Littoral rainforests<br />
MU 14 — Tuckeroo / Coast Banksia littoral rainforest and coastal low open forest<br />
Open forest to low closed forest characterised by Cupaniopsis anacardioides and Banksia<br />
integrifolia, with other common canopy species, including Livistona australis, Endiandra sieberi,<br />
Polyscias elegans, Acmena smithii and Alphitonia excelsa. Various shrubs are common in the<br />
mid storey, including Breynia oblongifolia, Dodonaea triquetra, Glochidion ferdinandi, Notelaea<br />
longifolia, Pittosporum revolutum, P. undulatum, Acacia irrorata and A. longifolia. Numerous<br />
climbers are commonly also present in the mid and overstorey including Smilax australis, S.<br />
glyciphylla, Marsdenia rostrata, Pandorea pandorana, Cissus hypoglauca, C. antarctica, Stephania<br />
japonica and Kennedia rubicunda. The ground layer typically consists of Pteridium esculentum<br />
and graminoids, such as Lomandra longifolia and Dianella caerulea. Scattered forbs, such as<br />
Commelina cyanea and Viola hederacea, may also be common in the understorey. Naturalised<br />
species recorded at more than 25% of species in this community include Ehrharta erecta<br />
(Panic Veldtgrass, 29%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 71%) and Chrysanthemoides monilifera<br />
subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 92%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast on sands and sandstones. MU 14 is equivalent to the Endangered<br />
Ecological Community ‘Littoral Rainforest in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and<br />
South East Corner Bioregions’ (DECC 2009).
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Dry rainforests<br />
MU 15 — Brown Myrtle / Lilly Pilly dry rainforest<br />
Low open forests to low closed forests with a canopy strongly dominated by Choricarpia<br />
leptopetala, with other common canopy species including Acmena smithii, Acacia maidenii,<br />
Stenocarpus salignus, Notelaea longifolia, Clerodendrum tomentosum, Diospyros australis,<br />
Pittosporum undulatum and Drypetes deplanchei. Eucalyptus microcorys is also commonly<br />
present as a canopy emergent. The mid storey consists of various shrubs, including<br />
Pittosporum revolutum and Breynia oblongifolia. Various climbers are also typically present in<br />
the mid and overstorey, including Smilax australis, Parsonsia straminea, Morinda jasminoides,<br />
Geitonoplesium cymosum, Embelia australiana, Dioscorea transversa and Cayratia clematidea.<br />
The ground layer is typically sparse, with few species being frequently present, although<br />
various graminoids (particularly Gymnostachys anceps), forbs, ferns and grasses may<br />
occasionally be present. The only naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community was Lantana camara (Lantana, 38%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on coastal ranges of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast on sandstone and volcanic breccia substrates.<br />
MU 16 — Grey Myrtle dry rainforest of sheltered sandstone gullies in northern<br />
Wollemi National Park<br />
Low open forests to low closed forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by<br />
Backhousia myrtifolia, often in association with Acacia prominens and with Syncarpia glomulifera<br />
and Angophora floribunda. The understorey typically consists of a range of shrubs, including<br />
Breynia oblongifolia, Pittosporum revolutum, Persoonia linearis, Maytenus silvestris, Bursaria<br />
spinosa, Polyscias sambucifolia and Solanum stelligerum. A relatively diverse range of climbers<br />
is also typically present in the overstorey and shrub layer, including Pandorea pandorana,<br />
Eustrephus latifolius, Morinda jasminoides, Clematis aristata, Cissus hypoglauca, Smilax australis,<br />
Billardiera scandens and Sarcopetalum harveyanum. The ground layer is typically ferny, with<br />
the main fern species including Doodia aspera, Adiantum aethiopicum, A. hispidulum and<br />
Asplenium flabellifolium. Also common in the ground layer are various grasses, including<br />
Poa affinis and Oplismenus imbecillis; graminoids, such as Lepidosperma laterale and Dianella<br />
caerulea; and forbs, including Pratia purpurascens and Plectranthus parviflorus. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in sandstone gullies on the Central Coast<br />
hinterland and western Blue Mountains at mid to low elevations. MU 15 may have<br />
particular regional conservation significance as the only records in this study of the rare<br />
shrub Acacia matthewii are from sites in this community.<br />
MU 17 — Grey Myrtle / Large-fruited Grey Gum gully rainforest of northern Wollemi National Park<br />
and Upper Hunter Valley<br />
Low open forests to low closed forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by<br />
Backhousia myrtifolia, often in association with Stenocarpus salignus, and with Eucalyptus<br />
punctata and Angophora floribunda commonly present as canopy emergents. Common<br />
understorey shrubs include Bursaria spinosa and Persoonia linearis. The ground layer is<br />
generally sparse and consists of a mix of grasses, graminoids and ferns. The main grass<br />
species is Poa affinis, and common graminoids include Gahnia aspera and Lepidosperma<br />
68
69<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
laterale, while ground ferns include Asplenium flabellifolium and Cheilanthes sieberi. The only<br />
naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community is Opuntia stricta<br />
var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 30%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area in sheltered gullies on sandstone<br />
ranges of northern Wollemi and Upper Hunter Valley at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 18 — Whalebone Tree / Red Kamala dry subtropical rainforest of the Lower Hunter River<br />
Open forests to closed forests with a relatively diverse canopy characterised by Streblus<br />
brunonianus and Mallotus philippensis. Other common canopy species include Alectryon<br />
subcinereus, Olea paniculata, Elaeocarpus obovatus, Dysoxylum fraserianum, Baloghia inophylla<br />
and Dendrocnide excelsa. The understorey consists of various small trees and shrubs<br />
commonly including Capparis arborea, Notelaea longifolia, Diospyros australis, Claoxylon<br />
australe, Clerodendrum tomentosum, Scolopia braunii and Breynia oblongifolia. A diverse<br />
range of climbers are also common in the mid and overstorey, including Cissus antarctica,<br />
Legnephora moorei, Tetrastigma nitens, Cayratia clematidea, Maclura cochinchinensis, Pandorea<br />
pandorana, Dioscorea transversa, Parsonsia straminea, P. velutina and Geitonoplesium cymosum.<br />
The ground layer consists of a mix of ferns, grasses, forbs and graminoids. Common<br />
grasses include Oplismenus aemulus and O. imbecillis, with common ferns being Adiantum<br />
formosum and Pellaea paradoxa. The main graminoid species is Gymnostachys anceps and<br />
common forbs include Pseuderanthemum variabile. The only naturalised species recorded at<br />
more than 25% of sites in this community is Lantana camara (Lantana, 54%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area in sheltered sites on ranges of the Hunter<br />
Valley and Lower North Coast escarpment at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 19 — Shatterwood dry rainforest<br />
Open forests to closed forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Backhousia sciadophora<br />
and commonly including Stenocarpus salignus and Brachychiton populneus. The understorey<br />
typically consists of various small trees and shrubs including Pittosporum undulatum,<br />
Clerodendrum tomentosum, Diospyros australis, Olearia viscidula, Notelaea longifolia, Myoporum<br />
montanum, Jasminum volubile, Solanum stelligerum, Capparis arborea and Maytenus silvestris.<br />
Numerous climbers, including Cissus opaca, Parsonsia lanceolata, P. straminea, Geitonoplesium<br />
cymosum, Pandorea pandorana, Cayratia clematidea and Morinda canthoides, are also common<br />
in the mid and upper storey, along with epiphytes, such as Dendrobium schoeninum, D.<br />
fairfaxii and D. gracilicaule. The ground layer is generally relatively sparse and includes<br />
a mix of forms with the common graminoids Lepidosperma laterale and Gahnia aspera, and<br />
the common forbs Plectranthus graveolens, Pseuderanthemum variabile and Commelina cyanea.<br />
The main grass species is Microlaena stipoides and the main ground fern is Pellaea paradoxa.<br />
Naturalised species commonly recorded at sites in this community include Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 33%), Phytolacca octandra (Inkweed, 33%) and Solanum nigrum (Black-berry<br />
Nightshade, 67%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges and foothills of the northern<br />
escarpment, Lower North Coast, at mid elevations.<br />
MU 20 — Rusty Fig / Alectryon subcinereu / Native Olive / dry rainforest of the Central Hunter Valley<br />
Open forests to closed forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Ficus rubiginosa<br />
in association with Alectryon subcinereus and commonly including Melia azedarach. Less
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
common in the canopy are Alectryon oleifolius, Claoxylon australe and Geijera parviflora.<br />
The understorey includes a range of shrub species such as Spartothamnella juncea, Notelaea<br />
microcarpa, Melicytus dentatus, Clerodendrum tomentosum and Celastrus australis, along with<br />
climbers including Pandorea pandorana, Eustrephus latifolius, Clematis glycinoides, Cissus opaca,<br />
C. antarctica and Cayratia clematidea. The ground layer consists mainly of a mix of ferns,<br />
forbs and grasses, with the main fern species being Adiantum aethiopicum, Pellaea falcata and<br />
Asplenium flabellifolium. Common forbs include Nyssanthes diffusa, Urtica incisa, Dichondra<br />
repens and Commelina cyanea, and grasses include Microlaena stipoides and Oplismenus<br />
aemulus. Naturalised species commonly recorded at sites in this community include Torilis<br />
nodosa (Knotted Hedge-parsley, 46%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 46%), Opuntia<br />
stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 62%) and Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 38%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sheltered sites in the central and Upper<br />
Hunter Valley, mainly on sandstones and siltstones.<br />
MU 21 — Giant Stinging Tree / Sandpaper Fig dry subtropical rainforest at Mt Yengo<br />
Closed forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Dendrocnide excelsa in association<br />
with Alectryon subcinereus and Ficus coronata, and also commonly including Streblus brunonianus<br />
and Doryphora sassafras. The mid storey of small trees and taller shrubs commonly includes<br />
Claoxylon australe, Pittosporum revolutum, Sambucus australasica, Elaeodendron australe, Acmena<br />
smithii, Croton verreauxii and Breynia oblongifolia along with various climbers including<br />
Maclura cochinchinensis, Sarcopetalum harveyanum, Pandorea pandorana, Marsdenia suaveolens,<br />
Clematis aristata and Cissus antarctica. The ground layer is typically open ferny and commonly<br />
includes Doodia aspera, Adiantum formosum, A. aethiopicum and Pteris tremula. The ground<br />
layer may also include a range of scattered forbs, such as Plectranthus parviflorus, Galium<br />
binifolium and Commelina cyanea, with grasses mainly represented by Microlaena stipoides.<br />
Naturalised species commonly recorded at sites in this community include Phytolacca<br />
octandra (Inkweed, 33%) and Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 33%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on basalts and is restricted to sheltered areas<br />
around the Mount Yengo area. MU 21 is related to both dry and subtropical rainforest<br />
types.<br />
4.3.5.2 WeT SCLeROPHYLL FOReSTS<br />
Grassy subformation<br />
MU 22 — Sydney Blue Gum / Silvertop Stringybark grassy open forest of ranges of the Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Tall open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus saligna and E. laevopinea, and a<br />
sparse small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa. The understorey includes a<br />
sparse layer of small shrubs such as Hibbertia scandens and Rubus parvifolia and the ground<br />
layer is dominated by grasses such as Microlaena stipoides, Imperata cylindrica and Oplismenus<br />
imbecillis, various graminoids including Dianella caerulea and ferns dominated by Pteridium<br />
esculentum. The only weed species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
was Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 37%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on the foothills and ranges of the Lower<br />
North Coast (including Barrington area) at mid elevations on a range of substrates.<br />
70
71<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 23 — Silvertop Stringybark / Messmate / Sydney Blue Gum moist shrub / grass open forest of<br />
ranges of the Lower North Coast<br />
Tall open forests similar in structure and composition to MU 22 although with Eucalyptus<br />
laevopinea and E. obliqua the most common canopy species, and E. saligna and E. campanulata<br />
less-frequent canopy dominants and occurring at higher altitudes. The understorey is<br />
characterised by an open shrub layer dominated by mesophyllous and sclerophyllous<br />
shrubs, including Acacia melanoxylon, Coprosma quadrifida and Senecio linearifolius, and treeferns<br />
(Cyathea australis). The ground layer is dominated by tussock grasses, mainly Poa<br />
sieberiana, and graminoids including Lomandra longifolia. No weed species were recorded<br />
in more than 25% of sites within this community.<br />
Inside the study area this community occurs on the foothills and ranges of the Lower<br />
North Coast (including Barrington area) at higher elevations on a range of substrates. The<br />
only records in this study of the rare orchid species Chiloglottis platyptera occur within this<br />
community and hence it may have particular regional conservation significance.<br />
MU 24 — Tallowwood / Small-fruited Grey Gum / Kangaroo Grass foothills dry grassy open forest<br />
Tall, dry open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus microcorys, E. propinqua and<br />
E. carnea, and a sparse small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa. The ground<br />
layer is dominated by grasses and graminoid species including Themeda australis, Imperata<br />
cylindrica, Dianella caerulea and Lomandra longifolia. The only naturalised species recorded at<br />
more than 25% of sites within the community was Lantana camara, which occurred at 54%<br />
of sites indicating that this community may be relatively highly susceptible to invasion by<br />
Lantana.<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on the coastal ranges and foothills of the<br />
Lower North Coast at mid to lower elevations and on a range of lower fertility substrates.<br />
MU 25 — Tallowwood / Spotted Gum / Grey Gum grass / herb open forest<br />
Open forests similar in composition to MU 24, however, with Corymbia maculata as a<br />
common canopy species and Large-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus punctata) replacing the<br />
Small-fruited Grey Gum (E. propinqua) alongside E. microcorys. The shrub layer is more<br />
developed and includes a greater proportion of mesic shrubs, including Hibbertia scandens,<br />
Polyscias sambucifolia and Breynia oblongifolia, and climbers such as Clematis glycinoides<br />
and Kennedia rubicunda. The ground layer is dominated by grasses, including Oplismenus<br />
imbecillis and Poa sieberiana, and sparse forbs such as Pratia purpurascens. Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 63%) was the only naturalised species occurring in more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the present study area this community occurs on near coastal low ranges on the<br />
Lower North Coast at lower elevations than MU 24 and on a range of lower fertility<br />
substrates.<br />
MU 26 — Small-fruited Grey Gum / Turpentine / Tallowwood moist open forest of the Lower North<br />
Coast foothills<br />
Open forests with a relatively diverse canopy dominated by Eucalyptus propinqua,<br />
E. microcorys, E. siderophloia, Syncarpia glomulifera and Corymbia intermedia, with a sparse<br />
small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa. The understorey is dominated by a<br />
mix of mesophyllous and sclerophyllous shrubs including Notelaea longifolia and Maytenus
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
silvestris along with various climbers including Smilax australis and Cissus antarctica. The<br />
understorey is dominated by graminoid species, including Lomandra longifolia, Gymnostachys<br />
anceps and Dianella caerulea, and sparse grasses. As with MU 24 and MU 25, Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 67%) is the only naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on coastal ranges of the Lower North Coast<br />
at lower elevations and on a range of lower fertility substrates.<br />
MU 27 — Forest Ribbon Gum / Silvertop Stringybark / Snow Gum / Snow Grass open forest<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus nobilis, E. laevopinea<br />
and E. pauciflora. A sparse understorey of small shrubs including Hibbertia scandens, Rubus<br />
parvifolius and Coprosma quadrifida may be present along with smaller climbers such as<br />
Tylophora barbata. The ground layer is predominately grassy and dominated by Themeda<br />
australis and Microlaena stipoides and by graminoids such as Lomandra longifolia. Two species<br />
of naturalised plants were recorded in 25% of sites or more: Onopordum acanthium subsp.<br />
acanthium (Scotch Thistle, 27%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 54%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on the escarpments and foothills of the<br />
Lower North Coast (including Barrington area), Liverpool Range and the western Blue<br />
Mountains at higher elevations, often on basalt. This community may be of particular<br />
regional conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community<br />
‘Ribbon Gum, Mountain Gum, Snow Gum Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England<br />
Tableland Bioregion’ (DECC 2009). In addition MU 27 is the only community in this study<br />
in which the threatened parasitic herb Thesium australe has been recorded.<br />
MU 28 — Silvertop Stringybark / Forest Ribbon Gum grass forb tall open forest<br />
Tall open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus laevopinea and E. nobilis with<br />
E. melliodora and E. bridgesiana also present. A sparse small tree layer dominated by Acacia<br />
melanoxylon and understorey of sparse shrubs including Hibbertia obtusifolia and Rubus<br />
parvifolius may also be present. The ground layer is generally grassy and dominated by<br />
tussock species including Poa sieberiana and Microlaena stipoides and may also include ferns<br />
(Pteridium esculentum) and various sparse forbs such as Veronica calycina and small twiners<br />
(Eustrephus latifolius, Lysine and Desmidian spp.). Common naturalised species recorded<br />
within this community were Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 66%), Hypochaeris radicata<br />
(Catsear, 54%) and Cynoglossum australe var. australe (37%).<br />
This community is found within the study area on basalt sites at higher elevations on the<br />
Liverpool Range and possibly elsewhere. This community may have particular regional<br />
significance as it is the only community in which the rare shrub Discaria pubescens has been<br />
recorded.<br />
MU 29 — Narrow-leaved Peppermint / Forest Ribbon Gum grassy open forest of the Eastern<br />
Tablelands<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus radiate, often<br />
in association with E. nobilis, with a range of other eucalypts as occasional canopy<br />
components. The understorey may include an open shrub layer characterised by members<br />
of Epacridaceae, including Leucopogon lanceolatus, Monotoca scoparia and Acrothamnus<br />
hookeri, along with various other shrubs such as Polyscias sambucifolia and Pultenaea polifolia.<br />
72
73<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Scrambling climbers such as Hardenbergia violacea and Billardiera scandens may also be<br />
common in the understorey. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and dominated<br />
by Poa sieberiana along with Lomandra longifolia and Pteridium esculentum. A range of herbs,<br />
including Helichrysum scorpioides, Gonocarpus teucrioides and Poranthera microphylla, are also<br />
typically present in the understorey. No weeds were recorded in more than 25% of sites<br />
within this community.<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to mainly basalt areas on the escarpment<br />
of the Northern Tablelands at higher elevations.<br />
MU 30 — Messmate / Silvertop Stringybark / Tussock Grass shrub / grass open forest of western<br />
Barrington area<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua and E.<br />
laevopinea and a small tree layer dominated by Acacia melanoxylon. An open shrub layer<br />
may be present and includes Leucopogon lanceolatus and climbers such as Clematis aristata.<br />
The understorey is made up predominately of tussock grasses and is dominated by<br />
Poa sieberiana with areas of Pteridium esculentum and various scattered forbs including<br />
Poranthera microphylla. The only common naturalised species found within this community<br />
was Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 33%).<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to basalt sites at high elevations in the<br />
Barrington Tops area.<br />
MU 31 — Mountain Gum / Forest Ribbon Gum grassy open forest in Ben Halls Gap<br />
Open forests dominated by Eucalyptus dalrympleana and E. obliqua and a sparse small<br />
tree layer dominated by Acacia melanoxylon. A sparse shrub layer may be present and<br />
is characterised by members of the Epacridaceae family (e.g. Acrothamnus hookeri and<br />
Leucopogon lanceolatus). The ground layer is dominated by tussock grasses, usually<br />
including Poa sieberiana, with graminoid species such as Lomandra longifolia and ferns<br />
including Polystichum proliferum also commonly present.<br />
Within the study area this community is confined to basalt areas at high elevations around<br />
Ben Halls Gap NP and isolated occurrences along the escarpment of the Lower North<br />
Coast. This community may be of particular regional conservation significance as it relates<br />
to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Ribbon Gum, Mountain Gum, Snow Gum<br />
Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England Tableland Bioregion’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 32 — Tallowwood / Smooth-barked Apple / Forest Oak shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus microcorys, E. pilularis and Angophora<br />
costata and a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa. An open shrub layer<br />
consisting of mesophyllous and sclerophyllous species, including Polyscias sambucifolia<br />
and Persoonia linearis is often present and the ground layer typically consists of grasses<br />
including Themeda australis and Entolasia stricta and graminoid species such as Dianella<br />
caerulea and Lomandra longifolia. No weed species were recorded in more then 25% of sites<br />
within the community.<br />
This community occurs on ranges of the Lower North Coast at mid to lower elevations on<br />
a range of substrates.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 33 — Rough-barked Apple / Forest Oak herb / grass open forest<br />
Open forests to woodlands dominated by Angophora floribunda and Eucalyptus punctata and<br />
also commonly including E. tereticornis, with a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina<br />
torulosa and often including Glochidion ferdinandi, Clerodendrum tomentosum and Alphitonia<br />
excelsa. An open shrub layer characterised by Jacksonia scoparia may be present. The<br />
ground layer is typically grassy and dominated by Themeda australis, Microlaena stipoides<br />
and Entolasia stricta with various graminoid species including Lepidosperma laterale and<br />
Lomandra longifolia. The only naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites was<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 52%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on slopes of Hawkesbury sandstone ranges<br />
of the Central Coast hinterland.<br />
MU 34 — Pink Bloodwood / Thin-leaved Stringybark / Grey Ironbark shrub / grass forest on ranges<br />
of the North Coast<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with a relatively diverse canopy consisting of Corymbia<br />
intermedia, Eucalyptus eugenioides, E. siderophloia, E. propinqua and E. resinifera and an open<br />
small tree layer including Allocasuarina torulosa and Glochidion ferdinandi. The understorey<br />
is typically shrubby and may include Acacia leiocalyx and Pultenaea villosa and climbers<br />
including Kennedia rubicunda and Parsonsia straminea. The ground layer consists of various<br />
grasses and graminoids such as Dianella caerulea, Lomandra longifolia, Lepidosperma laterale,<br />
Entolasia stricta and Imperata cylindrica and forbs including Pratia purpurascens.<br />
Within the study area this community is found on conglomerate and sandstone substrates<br />
at lower elevations on the hinterland of the Lower North Coast.<br />
MU 35 — Snow Gum / Mountain Gum grassy open forest on Barrington plateau<br />
Open forests to woodlands with Eucalyptus pauciflora and E. dalrympleana as canopy<br />
dominants. The understorey is typically shrubby and includes both mesophyllous and<br />
sclerophyllous shrub species including Tasmannia purpurascens, Olearia oppositifolia and<br />
Acrothamnus hookeri along with tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica) and various climbers<br />
including Smilax australis and Clematis aristata. The ground layer may be ferny and grassy<br />
and typically includes tussock grasses such as Poa sieberiana and ground ferns including<br />
Polystichum proliferum. No weeds were recorded in more than 25% of sites included in this<br />
community.<br />
Within the study area this community appears to be confined to basalt areas on the<br />
Barrington plateau at higher elevations. This community may be of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Ribbon<br />
Gum, Mountain Gum, Snow Gum Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England Tableland<br />
Bioregion’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 36 — Forest Ribbon Gum sedge / grass woodland of western Barrington area<br />
Moist open forests with a canopy almost exclusively dominated by Eucalyptus nobilis and<br />
a small tree layer dominated by Acacia melanoxylon. A sparse understorey may be present,<br />
characterised by shrubs such as Rubus rosifolius. The ground layer is dominated by grass and<br />
sedge and rush species, with the main grass species being Imperata cylindrica and common<br />
sedges and rushes including Cyperus lucidus, Juncus sarophorus and Carex longebrachiata.<br />
74
75<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Various forbs may also be present in the ground layer such as Hydrocotyle peduncularis<br />
and Pratia purpurascens. A range of weed species have been commonly recorded within<br />
this community including Trifolium repens (White Clover, 50%), Pennisetum alopecuroides<br />
(Swamp Foxtail, 50%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 100%), Prunella vulgaris (Self-heal,<br />
100%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop, 50%), Paspalum dilatatum (Paspalum, 50%) and<br />
Verbena officinalis (Common Verbena, 50%).<br />
Within the study area this community is confined to higher altitude basalt sites in the<br />
Barrington Tops area. This community may be of particular regional conservation<br />
significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Ribbon Gum, Mountain<br />
Gum, Snow Gum Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England Tableland Bioregion’<br />
(DECC 2009).<br />
Shrubby subformation<br />
MU 37 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Narrow-leaved White Mahogany shrub / grass open forest on<br />
the slopes of Barrington Tops<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with Eucalyptus canaliculata as the dominant canopy tree<br />
alongside E. saligna and Syncarpia glomulifera and an open small tree layer dominated<br />
by Allocasuarina torulosa. A range of shrubs may be present in the understorey including<br />
Acacia irrorata and A. implexa, and the ground layer is typically dominated by grasses such<br />
as Imperata cylindrica and Oplismenus aemulus, and graminoid species including Lomandra<br />
longifolia. In sheltered positions various ferns may also be present in the ground layer,<br />
mainly Doodia aspera, as well as various forbs including Swainsona galegifolia. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in more than 25% of sites within this community.<br />
This community occurs on ranges and lower foothills of the Lower North Coast (including<br />
Barrington area) at mid to lower elevations and on a range of lower fertility substrates.<br />
MU 38 — Tallowwood / Sydney Blue Gum shrub / grass open forest on ranges of Lower North Coast<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus microcorys and<br />
E. saligna along with a range of other, less abundant, eucalypts including E. acmenoides<br />
and Corymbia intermedia and a sparse small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa<br />
and commonly including Acacia melanoxylon and Psychotria loniceroides. The shrub / grass<br />
understorey includes various shrub species such as Persoonia media and Rubus parvifolius<br />
over a typically grassy understorey dominated by Poa sieberiana and Imperata cylindrica<br />
along with various graminoid species such as Lomandra longifolia and Dianella caerulea.<br />
Various ferns (mainly Doodia aspera) and forbs may also be present in the ground layer. The<br />
only naturalised species commonly recorded within this community was Oxalis corniculata<br />
(Creeping Oxalis, 44%).<br />
In terms of distribution in the study area this community is found on the foothills of the<br />
Lower North Coast at mid elevations on a range of lower fertility substrates.<br />
MU 39 — Sydney Blue Gum / New England Blackbutt / Whitetop Box moist shrub / grass open forest<br />
of the Lower North Coast<br />
Open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus saligna and E. campanulata and<br />
including various other eucalypt species such as E. laevopinea and E. quadrangulata. A<br />
sparse small tree layer may be present, dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa and commonly
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
including various mesic shrubs such as Pittosporum undulatum and Diospyros australis. The<br />
shrub / grass understorey typically consists of an open layer of shrubs such as Persoonia<br />
linearis and Breynia oblongifolia over a predominately grassy ground layer dominated by<br />
Poa sieberiana. The ground layer also commonly includes various ferns such as Adiantum<br />
formosum and Doodia aspera, graminoids such as Dianella caerulea, Lepidosperma laterale and<br />
Gymnostachys anceps and scattered forbs including Oxalis chnoodes and Pratia purpurascens.<br />
No naturalised species were commonly recorded for this community.<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on foothills of the Lower North Coast at mid<br />
to higher elevations on a range substrates of varying fertility.<br />
MU 40 — Blackbutt / Turpentine / Forest Oak shrub / fern open forest<br />
Open forests dominated by Eucalyptus pilularis, Angophora costata and Syncarpia glomulifera.<br />
The semi-mesic understorey includes a sparse small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina<br />
torulosa and often including Glochidion ferdinandi and a shrub layer commonly including<br />
Persoonia linearis and Polyscias sambucifolia. Various vines, including Pandorea pandorana,<br />
are typically present in the understorey. The ground layer is characteristically ferny and<br />
dominated by Doodia aspera, Calochlaena dubia and Blechnum cartilagineum, with patchy<br />
grasses including Entolasia stricta. This community is highly susceptible to invasion by<br />
Lantana (Lantana camara) with this species being recorded at 88% of sites. The only other<br />
weed species commonly recorded was Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) which<br />
was recorded in 29% of sites.<br />
This community is found mainly on sandstone substrates and occurs within the community<br />
on the hinterland of the Central Coast at lower elevations.<br />
MU 41 — Turpentine / Forest Oak moist shrubby open forest<br />
Moist open forests with a canopy dominated by Syncarpia glomulifera and commonly<br />
including Angohpora floribunda, with various other eucalypts, such as Eucalyptus paniculata<br />
and E. pilularis, less commonly found. An open small tree layer including Allocasuarina<br />
torulosa, Glochidion ferdinandi and Clerodendrum tomentosum is often present. The denser<br />
shrub layer may include various species such as Persoonia linearis, Maytenus silvestris and<br />
Polyscias sambucifolia. The ground layer is typically dominated by ferns including Doodia<br />
aspera, Calochlaena dubia and Adiantum aethiopicum, along with scattered grasses such as<br />
Entolasia stricta, Oplismenus imbecillis and patches of Imperata cylindrica in more open areas.<br />
The most commonly recorded naturalised species in this community was Lantana (Lantana<br />
camara, 30%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the ranges of the Sydney Basin at lower<br />
elevations on lower fertility substrates, mainly sandstones and conglomerates.<br />
MU 42 — White Mahogany / Turpentine moist shrubby open forest<br />
Shrubby open forests with a mixed canopy including Syncarpia glomulifera and Eucalyptus<br />
acmenoides, with E. saligna and E. siderophloia also often present. The semi-mesic understorey<br />
commonly includes various tall shrubs and small trees such as Callistemon salignus, Acacia<br />
maidenii, Diospyros australis and Allocasuarina torulosa. Smaller shrubs commonly present<br />
include Rhodamnia rubescens, Pittosporum revolutum, Notelaea longifolia and Croton verreauxii,<br />
with various climbers including Cissus antarctica, C. hypoglauca and Dioscorea transversa also<br />
76
77<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
common. The ground layer typically consists of various grasses and graminoids including<br />
Lomandra longifolia, Gahnia melanocarpa, Oplismenus imbecillis, Gymnostachys anceps and<br />
Dianella caerulea with sparse forbs such as Plectranthus parviflorus and Pseuderanthemum<br />
variabile.<br />
Various ground ferns including Doodia aspera and Adiantum hispidulum may also be present.<br />
Lantana (Lantana camara) was recorded in 50% of sites in this community. This community<br />
occurs within the study area on the ranges of the Lower North Cast and Central Coast at<br />
lower elevations on a range of substrates.<br />
MU 43 — Tallowwood / Brush Box / Sydney Blue Gum moist shrubby tall open forest of Lower North<br />
Coast foothills<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with Eucalyptus microcorys, Lophosetmon confertus, E. saligna<br />
and Syncarpia glomulifera as canopy dominants. The semi-mesic understorey includes a mixed<br />
small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa which may also include various small<br />
trees and tall shrubs such as Cryptocarya rigida, C. microneura and Schizomeria ovata. Various<br />
smaller shrubs may also be present including Trochocarpa laurina, Rhodamnia rubescens and<br />
Psychotria loniceroides along with climbers such as Dioscorea transversa and Cissus antarctica.<br />
The ground layer is typically ferny with scattered grasses and is characterised by species<br />
including Blechnum cartilagineum, Doodia aspera, Lastreopsis decomposita, Calochlaena dubia<br />
and Oplismenus imbecillis. Lantana (Lantana camara, 30%) was the only naturalised species<br />
recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is found on various substrates on the ranges and<br />
foothills of the Lower North Coast at mid elevations. This community includes the only<br />
records within this study of the rare shrub Hakea archaeoides and, hence, it may have<br />
particular regional conservation significance.<br />
MU 44 — Blackbutt / Turpentine / Sydney Blue Gum mesic tall open forest of the Central Coast<br />
ranges<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with a canopy dominated by Syncarpia glomulifera,<br />
Eucalyptus pilularis and E. saligna, and a semi-mesic small tree layer including various<br />
species such as Cryptocarya microneura, Allocasuarina torulosa, Acmena smithii and Livistona<br />
australis. A diverse, semi-mesic smaller shrub layer is typically also present and may include<br />
a range of species such as Rhodamnia rubescens, Breynia oblongifolia and Wilkiea huegeliana<br />
along with various climbers including Smilax australis, Dioscorea transversa and Morinda<br />
jasminoides. The ground layer is typically ferny and characterised by species including<br />
Blechnum cartilagineum, Doodia aspera and Calochlaena dubia. This community appears to be<br />
particularly susceptible to woody weed species with a number being commonly recorded,<br />
including Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet, 31%), Ochna serrulata (Mickey Mouse<br />
Plant, 34%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 74%), Passiflora edulis (Common Passionfruit, 29%)<br />
and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor Laurel, 31%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstones and sands on ranges of<br />
the Central Coast at lower elevations. This community may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it is the only community in this study to include records of the<br />
endangered climber Tylophora woollsii.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 45 — Flooded Gum / Brush Box / Tallowwood mesic tall open forest of the Lower North Coast<br />
foothills<br />
Mesic tall open forests to open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus grandis,<br />
E. microcorys and Lophostemon confertus and a diverse small tree layer which may include<br />
Acmena smithii, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Livistona australis and Allocasuarina<br />
torulosa. The shrub layer includes various shrubs such as Pittosporum revolutum, Psychotria<br />
loniceroides and Rhodamnia rubescens, as well as numerous climbers such as Dioscorea<br />
transversa, D. transversa and Morinda jasminoides. The ground layer may include various<br />
ferns such as Blechnum cartilagineum and Doodia aspera, grasses and graminoids including<br />
Oplismenus imbecillis and Gymnostachys anceps and scattered forbs. In terms of naturalised<br />
species only Lantana (Lantana camara, 50%) was commonly recorded in the community.<br />
This community occurs on the ranges of the Lower North Coast at lower elevations and on<br />
a range of substrates.<br />
MU 46 — New England Blackbutt / Tallowwood semi-mesic open forest at intermediate altitudes<br />
of southern North Coast<br />
Semi-mesic tall open forests to open forests dominated by Eucalyptus campanulata and<br />
often including E. microcorys and E. laevopinea in the canopy. The small tree layer typically<br />
includes mesic species such as Caldcluvia paniculosa and Schizomeria ovata as well as<br />
Allocasuarina torulosa and Acacia melanoxylon. The shrub layer also consists of mesophyllous<br />
and sclerophyllous species, including Cryptocarya rigida, Psychotria loniceroides, Trochocarpa<br />
laurina, Leucopogon lanceolatus and Persoonia media along with various climbers such as<br />
Hibbertia dentata and Cissus hypoglauca. The ground layer is typically dominated by ferns<br />
including Blechnum cartilagineum and Calochlaena dubia and tussock grasses, mainly Poa<br />
sieberiana. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites within the<br />
community.<br />
This community can be found within the study area on foothills of the Lower North Coast<br />
at mid to high elevations on various substrates.<br />
MU 47 — Sydney Blue Gum / Tallowwood moist tall open forest at mid altitudes of the southern<br />
North Coast<br />
Moist tall open forests to open forests dominated by Eucalyptus saligna, E. microcorys and<br />
typically including Lophostemon confertus in the canopy. A smaller tree layer is typically<br />
present and may include various mesic species, particularly Caldcluvia paniculosa and<br />
Schizomeria ovata as well as Acacia melanoxylon. The shrub layer similarly contains a mix of<br />
mesic and sclerophyllous species, including Trochocarpa laurina, Psychotria loniceroides and<br />
Cryptocarya rigida, as well as numerous climbers such as Cissus hypoglauca and C. antarctica and<br />
tree ferns (Cyathea australis) are also commonly present. The ground layer characteristically<br />
consists mainly of ferns, including Blechnum cartilagineum and Lastreopsis decomposita, and<br />
graminoids such as Lomandra longifolia, Dianella caerulea and Gymnostachys anceps. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites within the community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on various substrates on the foothills of the<br />
Lower North Coast at mid to high elevations.<br />
78
MU 48 — Grey Myrtle / Mountain Blue Gum ferny gully forest<br />
79<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Sheltered, tall open forests to open forests dominated by Eucalyptus deanei and Angophora<br />
floribunda and with a small tree layer typically dominated by Backhousia myrtifolia and<br />
commonly including Allocasuarina torulosa and Clerodendrum tomentosum. The shrub layer<br />
is characterised by smaller shrub species, including Rubus parvifolius, Breynia oblongifolia<br />
and Bursaria spinosa along with various climbers such as Clematis aristata, C. glycinoides and<br />
Cissus antarctica. The ground layer is characteristically dominated by various ferns including<br />
Adiantum aethiopicum and Doodia aspera with scattered grasses such as Echinopogon ovatus<br />
and Oplismenus aemulus and scattered forbs. The only commonly recorded species in this<br />
community was Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 33%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sheltered, Triassic sandstone gullies and<br />
lower slopes of ranges of northern Wollemi and western Blue Mountains at mid to lower<br />
elevations.<br />
MU 49 — Lilly Pilly / Sydney Blue Gum wet sclerophyll / rainforest of coastal ranges and Tablelands<br />
Escarpment<br />
Transitional open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus saligna and a diverse, mesic<br />
small tree layer consisting of a range of species, including Acmena smithii, Schizomeria ovata,<br />
Cryptocarya glaucescens, Doryphora sassafras, Cryptocarya rigida and Caldcluvia paniculosa. The<br />
shrubby understorey consists of various shrubs including Wilkiea huegeliana and Tasmannia<br />
insipida and climbers, including Cissus antarctica and C. hypoglauca. The ground layer is<br />
typically dominated by ferns including Adiantum formosum and Lastreopsis decomposita.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sheltered slopes of ranges and foothills of<br />
the Lower North Coast at mid elevations.<br />
MU 50 — Messmate grassy open forest on Barrington area and tableland edge<br />
Tall open forests to open forests almost exclusively dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua with<br />
various other eucalypts, including E. nobilis, E. fastigata and E. dalrympleana, as less common<br />
canopy components. A small tree layer dominated by Banksia integrifolia, Acacia melanoxylon<br />
and Lomatia arborescens is also commonly present. The understorey typically consists<br />
of various—mainly sclerophyllous—shrubs, including Coprosma quadrifida, Leucopogon<br />
lanceolatus and Polyscias sambucifolia, with the main climbers being Smilax australis and<br />
Clematis aristata. The understorey is typically dominated by grasses, mainly Poa sieberiana<br />
and Microlaena stipoides, as well as various graminoids such as Lomandra longifolia. No<br />
weeds were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on foothills of the Lower North Coast<br />
(including the Barrington Tops and Ben Halls Gap areas) at mid to high elevations on a<br />
range of substrates, including basalts and mudstones.<br />
MU 51 — Messmate / Forest Ribbon Gum shrub / grass open forest of the ranges of the Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Tall open forests to open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua and E.<br />
nobilis, with various other eucalypts, including E. campanulata and E. cameronii, often present<br />
as less common canopy components. This community tends to have a less well-developed<br />
small tree layer than similar units, such as MU 49, and a more open understorey. The
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
shrub layer is typically comprised of various sclerophyllous shrubs, such as Leucopogon<br />
lanceolatus and Rubus parvifolius. The ground layer is characterised by grasses, chiefly Poa<br />
sieberiana, and various forbs, including Poranthera microphylla and Viola betonicifolia with<br />
Pteridium esculentum dominant on disturbed areas. The only weed commonly recorded in<br />
this community was Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 30%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the foothills and escarpment of the Lower<br />
North Coast and Northern Tablelands at higher elevations.<br />
MU 52 — Mountain Gum / Brown Barrel / Snow Gum shrub / grass open forest of northern<br />
Barrington area<br />
Open forests dominated by Eucalyptus dalrympleana, E. fastigata and E. pauciflora and a<br />
sparse small tree layer consisting mainly of Acacia dealbata. The shrub layer is dominated<br />
by Acrothamnus hookeri and Rubus parvifolius with Clematis aristata and Smilax australis as<br />
the main climbing species. The typically dense ground layer is dominated by tussock<br />
grasses, primarily Poa sieberiana along with Microlaena stipoides, and includes a relatively<br />
high diversity of forbs such as Pratia pedunculata, Geranium potentilloides and Poranthera<br />
microphylla. The only naturalised species commonly recorded in this community was<br />
Trifolium repens (White Clover, 27%).<br />
This community is confined, within the region, to the Barrington area at higher elevations<br />
and occurs on a variety of substrates.<br />
MU 53 — New England Blackbutt / Forest Ribbon Gum moist grass / forb open forest<br />
Open forests dominated by Eucalyptus campanulata and E. nobilis, with E. pauciflora and<br />
E. obliqua as less common canopy components, and a sparse small tree layer consisting<br />
mainly of Acacia melanoxylon. An open shrub layer may be present and typically includes<br />
Coprosma quadrifida, Monotoca scoparia and Gonocarpus oreophilus and climbers including<br />
Smilax australis and Clematis aristata. The ground layer is characteristically dominated by<br />
tussock grasses, mainly Poa sieberiana, and contains a high diversity of forbs, including<br />
Dichondra repens, Viola hederacea, Geranium solanderi and Hydrocotyle laxiflora. The only<br />
naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community was Medicago<br />
polymorpha (Burr Medic, 27%).<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to the escarpment of the Northern<br />
Tablelands at higher elevations.<br />
MU 54 — Messmate wet ferny open forest of Barrington area<br />
Moist tall open forests to open forests dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua, with E. cameronii<br />
as a common canopy element, and a small tree layer commonly including Acacia elata, A.<br />
obtusifolia and Callicoma serratifolia. The understorey is typically shrubby and includes a<br />
relatively diverse range of species, such as Persoonia linearis, Tasmannia stipitata, Leucopogon<br />
lanceolatus, Polyscias sambucifolia and Cyathea australis, with Smilax australis as the main<br />
climber. The understorey is characteristically ferny and dominated by Sticherus lobatus<br />
and Blechnum wattsii, and also frequently contains a range of grasses and graminoids,<br />
including Lomandra longifolia, Lepidosperma laterale, Gahnia sieberiana, Dianella caerulea and<br />
Microlaena stipoides. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
80
81<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to the Barrington Tops area at higher<br />
elevations.<br />
MU 55 — Forest Oak / Smooth-barked Apple / Blackbutt open forest<br />
Open forests with a mixed canopy, including Angophora floribunda, Syncarpia glomulifera<br />
and Eucalyptus pilularis, and a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby with a range of species, including Persoonia linearis, P.<br />
levis, Gompholobium latifolium, Hibbertia scandens and Cissus hypoglauca. The ground layer<br />
typically includes a range of grasses and graminoids, such as Entolasia stricta, Imperata<br />
cylindrica, Themeda australis and Dianella caerulea, ferns (Pteridium esculentum and Calochlaena<br />
dubia) and sparse forbs, including Pomax umbellata and Pratia purpurascens. Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana) was recorded in 26% of sites in this community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on the sandstone ranges of the Central Coast<br />
hinterland at lower elevations.<br />
MU 56 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Mountain Blue Gum / Forest Oak shrubby open forest on ranges<br />
of the Sydney Basin<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus deanei, Syncarpia glomulifera and Angophora<br />
floribunda as the main canopy components, and Eucalyptus punctata as a less common<br />
element. A small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa is also typically present. The<br />
understorey is generally shrubby with the main shrubs being Persoonia linearis, Podolobium<br />
ilicifolium, Polyscias sambucifolia and Maytenus silvestris with various climbers, including<br />
Billardiera scandens and Hardenbergia violacea. The understorey is a mix of ferns, mainly<br />
Adiantum aethiopicum and Pteridium esculentum; grasses, including Poa affinis and Oplismenus<br />
imbecillis; and various graminoids and forbs, commonly including Dianella caerulea, Pratia<br />
purpurascens and Plectranthus parviflorus. The only naturalised species recorded in more<br />
than 25% of sites was Oxalis corniculata (Creeping Oxalis, 35%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Sydney Basin at<br />
mid elevations.<br />
MU 57 — Blue Mountains Ash / Turpentine shrubby open forest on rocky slopes of the Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Open forests with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus oreades and characteristically<br />
including Syncarpia glomulifera, with a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina littoralis<br />
and commonly including Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Acmena smithii and Schizomeria ovata. The<br />
understorey is characteristically shrubby and dominated by Banksia spinulosa with various<br />
other shrubs, such as Persoonia linearis and Leptospermum polygalifolium commonly present<br />
along with scattered climbers, including Smilax glyciphylla. The understorey is a mixture<br />
of ferns, predominately Gleichenia dicarpa; various graminoids, such as Patersonia glabrata<br />
and Lomandra glauca; and grasses including Tetrarrhena juncea and Entolasia stricta along<br />
with scattered forbs. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community.<br />
In terms of distribution, this community occurs within the study area on basalts on the<br />
escarpments and foothills of the Lower North Coast at mid to high elevations.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
4.3.5.3 DRY SCLeROPHYLL FOReSTS<br />
Shrub / grass subformation<br />
MU 58 — Forest Oak / Thin-leaved Stringybark / Grey Gum shrub / grass open forest of escarpments<br />
of the Lower North Coast<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a mixed canopy characterised by Eucalyptus eugenioides,<br />
E. biturbinata and Angophora subvelutina, and commonly including E. tereticornis. These<br />
forests are also characterised by a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa<br />
and commonly including Acacia maidenii. The understorey generally consists of an open<br />
shrub layer with various shrubs, including Indigofera australis, Rubus parvifolius, Olearia<br />
viscidula and Breynia oblongifolia, and scrambling climbers such as Hardenbergia violacea,<br />
Hibbertia scandens and Geitonoplesium cymosum. The ground layer is predominately grassy<br />
and dominated by Themeda australis and Cymbopogon refractus, with various other species<br />
including Oplismenus aemulus and Poa sieberiana also common. The ground layer also<br />
includes a diverse range of forbs and graminoids, including Pratia purpurascens, Lomandra<br />
longifolia, Dianella caerulea, Plectranthus parviflorus and Desmodium and Glycine spp. No<br />
weed species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on foothills and escarpment of the Lower<br />
North Coast and Northern Tablelands at mid elevations, mainly on conglomerate<br />
substrates.<br />
MU 59 — White Mahogany / Spotted Gum / Grey Myrtle shrubby open forest of the Central and<br />
Lower Hunter Valley<br />
Dry sclerophyll open forests, with elements of Hunter Valley dry rainforest, with a canopy<br />
dominated by Eucalyptus acmenoides, Corymbia maculata and Backhousia myrtifolia. This<br />
community is also characterised by a diverse range of taller shrubs and small trees with<br />
a subtropical influence, including Notelaea longifolia, Clerodendrum tomentosum, Alectryon<br />
subcinereus, Claoxylon australe, Streblus brunonianus and Brachychiton populneus, with various<br />
climbers such as Pandorea pandorana, Cissus opaca, C. antarctica and Cayratia clematidea. An<br />
open shrub layer is generally also present and common species include Breynia oblongifolia,<br />
Maytenus silvestris and Solanum stelligerum. The ground layer typically consists of grasses,<br />
such as Microlaena stipoides, Oplismenus aemulus and Entolasia marginata; ferns, including<br />
Adiantum aethiopicum, Doodia aspera and Pellaea falcata; along with various, sparse forbs and<br />
graminoids. A number of naturalised species were commonly recorded in this community<br />
with the most common being Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 45%), Bidens pilosa<br />
(Cobbler’s Pegs, 38%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 34%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 34%)<br />
and Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 34%).<br />
This community occurs in the Central and Lower Hunter Valley in gullies and on lower<br />
slopes, mainly on sandstone substrates and at mid to lower elevations.<br />
MU 60 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey Box grassy open forest of sandstone ranges of the Sydney<br />
Basin<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus punctata in association with E. molucanna and<br />
a small tree layer, including Allocasuarina torulosa and Clerodendrum tomentosum. The<br />
understorey is generally shrubby and may include Bursaria spinosa, Breynia oblongifolia,<br />
82
83<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Rubus parvifolius and Notelaea longifolia, along with various, sparse climbers, including<br />
Clematis glycinoides, Cayratia clematidea and Eustrephus latifolius. The ground layer is<br />
typically grassy and characterised by a range of species, including Oplismenus aemulus,<br />
Microlaena stipoides, Themeda australis and Imperata cylindrica. Various small ferns and forbs<br />
are also common in the ground layer, including Adiantum aethiopicum, Cheilanthes sieberi,<br />
Pratia purpurascens and Dichondra repens. As with MU 58, a range of naturalised species<br />
were commonly recorded in this community with the most frequent being Sida rhombifolia<br />
(Paddy’s Lucerne, 28%), Gomphocarpus fruticosus (Narrow-leaved Cotton Bush, 28%),<br />
Lantana camara (Lantana, 38%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 48%), Sonchus oleraceus<br />
(Common Sowthistle, 38%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 41%) and Hypochaeris radicata<br />
(Catsear, 62%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in the Central Hunter Valley, northern Yengo<br />
and northern Wollemi areas at mid to low elevations on sandstones and siltstones.<br />
MU 61 — White Box shrubby woodland with Semi-Evergreen Vine Thicket elements near<br />
Glenbawn Dam<br />
Sclerophyll woodlands, including elements of vine thicket, with a canopy dominated<br />
by Eucalyptus albens and small trees, including Alectryon oleifolius, Geijera parviflora and<br />
Clerodendrum tomentosum. This community is also characterised by a diverse range of<br />
vines, including Marsdenia flavescens, Parsonsia eucalyptophylla, P. lanceolata, Cissus opaca<br />
and Pandorea pandorana. The understorey is typically shrubby with characteristic species<br />
such as Notelaea macrocarpa, Olearia elliptica, Rhagodia parabolica and Spartothamnella juncea.<br />
The ground layer is sparsely grassy with the dominant grasses Austrostipa verticillata<br />
and Austrodanthonia fulva, and typical ferns Pellaea falcata and Urtica incisa. Common<br />
naturalised species recorded in this community were Conyza sumatrensis (Tall Fleabane,<br />
67%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 47%), Asphodelus fistulosus (Onion Weed, 33%), Senecio<br />
madagascariensis (Fireweed, 33%) and Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear,<br />
100%).<br />
This community is only recorded in the Glenbawn Dam area in the Upper Hunter Valley.<br />
MU 62 — White Box / Blackthorn shrubby woodland of western Blue Mountains<br />
Open forests to woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus albens with a small tree layer including<br />
Brachychiton populneus and Acacia implexa. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and<br />
may include Cassinia species D (recorded in only 0.2% of sites outside of this community),<br />
Bursaria spinosa, Macrozamia communis and Melichrus urceolatus. The understorey commonly<br />
consists of a range of forbs and graminoids with common species including Plantago<br />
debilis, Dichondra repens, Stellaria pungens and Lomandra multiflora. Common naturalised<br />
species recorded in this community included Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover, 33%) and<br />
Cynoglossum australe var. australe (33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the western Blue<br />
Mountains and Wollemi NP at mid elevations. This community is of particular conservation<br />
significance as it is the only community in this study in which the rare species Prostanthera<br />
discolor has been recorded, although it does not appear to be common in this area.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 63 — Spotted Gum / Grey Ironbark dry open forest of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus paniculata in association with E. umbra. The<br />
canopy may also include various other eucalypts, in particular, E. tereticornis and E. crebra.<br />
The understorey is typically shrubby and often dominated by Macrozamia communis along<br />
with various other shrubs, including Notelaea longifolia, Dodonaea triquetra and Acrotriche<br />
divaricata, and climbers such as Pandorea pandorana and Eustrephus latifolius. The ground<br />
layer is characteristically grassy and commonly includes Entolasia stricta, Imperata cylindrica<br />
and Themeda australis, along with graminoids, such as Dianella caerulea and Lomandra<br />
longifolia, and sparse herbs such as Pratia purpurascens. This community appears to be<br />
highly susceptible to invasion by woody weeds, in particular, Chrysanthemoides monilifera<br />
subsp. monilifera (Boneseed) was recorded in all sites and Lantana camara (Lantana) was<br />
recorded in 85% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast,<br />
mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 64 — Spotted Gum moist shrubby open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Corymbia maculata in association<br />
with Eucalyptus umbra, E. punctata and E. paniculata. The understorey is generally shrubby<br />
and may include sparse tall shrubs, including Acacia implexa, A. longifolia and Exocarpos<br />
cupressiformis, along with a range of smaller shrubs, including Daviesia ulicifolia, Pultenaea<br />
villosa, Podolobium ilicifolium and Persoonia linearis. The understorey often includes a variety<br />
of climbing and scrambling species, including Pandorea pandorana, Billardiera scandens and<br />
Eustrephus latifolius. The ground layer is characteristically and often strongly dominated<br />
by a relatively diverse range of grass species, in particular, Themeda australis, Poa affinis,<br />
Entolasia stricta, Joycea pallida and Imperata cylindrica. A range of graminoid species are also<br />
characteristically present, including Lomandra confertifolia, L. longifolia, Dianella caerulea and<br />
Lepidosperma neesii, along with scattered forbs, such as Goodenia heterophylla and Pseudoraphis<br />
paradoxa. As with MU 63, this community appears to be particularly susceptible to invasion<br />
by Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 89%) and Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 48%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast,<br />
mainly on sandstones. MU 64 is related to MU 63 but differs in the dominance of C. maculata<br />
which is uncommon in MU 63, and in having a more dominantly grassy ground layer.<br />
MU 65 — Spotted Gum / Broad-leaved Mahogany / Red Ironbark moist shrubby open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy dominated by Corymbia maculata in association with Eucalyptus<br />
umbra and E. fibrosa and a small tree layer commonly including Allocasuarina torulosa. A<br />
diverse range of eucalypts may also be present in the canopy, including E. siderophloia<br />
and E. punctata. An open shrub layer may be present and include Daviesia ulicifolia,<br />
Bursaria spinosa and Leucopogon juniperinus, along with climbers, including Hardenbergia<br />
violacea, Eustrephus latifolius and Billardiera scandens. The ground layer is characteristically<br />
grassy and may include a diverse range of grasses, in particular, Entolasia stricta, Themeda<br />
australis, Imperata cylindrica, Microlaena stipoides and Panicum simile. Various herbs, such<br />
as Pratia purpurascens, Dianella caerulea and Vernonia cinerea along with ground ferns,<br />
predominately Cheilanthes sieberi, are also typically present. Commonly recorded weeds<br />
84
85<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
in this community included Lantana camara (Lantana, 28%) and Senecio madagascariensis<br />
(Fireweed, 32%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area in the Lower Hunter Valley and coastal<br />
ranges of the Central Coast at lower elevations.<br />
MU 66 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Rough-barked Apple open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus punctata in association with Angophora floribunda.<br />
Various other eucalypts, including E. fibrosa and E. tereticornis, may also be present in the<br />
overstorey. The understorey is typically shrubby and may include taller shrubs and small<br />
trees, in particular, Leptospermum trinervium and Allocasuarina littoralis, along with a diverse<br />
range of smaller shrubs commonly including Persoonia linearis, Bursaria spinosa, Jacksonia<br />
scoparia and Acacia parvipinnula. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and often<br />
dominated by Themeda australis in association with a range of other grasses, commonly<br />
including Microlaena stipoides, Aristida vagans, Panicum simile and Imperata cylindrica. The<br />
understorey also typically includes ground ferns, mainly Cheilanthes sieberi, along with<br />
a variety of herbs, including Pomax umbellata and Pratia purpurascens, and the sedges<br />
Lepidosperma laterale and Gahnia aspera. The only naturalised species recorded in more than<br />
25% of sites in this community was Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 28%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorer fertility substrates on lower slopes<br />
and flats in the Lower Hunter Valley.<br />
MU 67 — Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Corymbia maculata and<br />
Eucalyptus fibrosa often in association with E. punctata. The shrubby understorey is<br />
characterised by a range of shrubs, including Daviesia ulicifolia, Persoonia linearis, Bursaria<br />
spinosa and Lissanthe strigosa. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and dominated by<br />
a range of species, including Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta, Aristida vagans and Panicum<br />
simile. Various graminoids are also typically present in the ground layer, in particular,<br />
Lepidosperma laterale, Dianella revoluta and Lomandra multiflora, along with ground ferns,<br />
typically Cheilanthes sieberi, and scattered herbs. Naturalised species recorded in more<br />
than 25% of sites in this community were Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 33%) and<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 30%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on a range of substrates in the Lower Hunter<br />
Valley at mid to lower elevations. This community has particular regional conservation<br />
significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Lower Hunter Spotted<br />
Gum – Ironbark Forest in the Sydney Basin Bioregion’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 68 — Red Ironbark / paperbark shrubby open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus fibrosa, often in association<br />
with Corymbia maculata, with a tall shrub layer dominated by Melaleuca nodosa and<br />
commonly including M. decora. The open shrub layer may include various shrubs, such<br />
as Bursaria spinosa, Pultenaea spinosa, Acacia parvipinnula and Macrozamia flexuosa; however,<br />
climbing species are not an abundant feature of the community. The ground layer is typically<br />
dominated by grasses, in particular, Entolasia stricta, Microlaena stipoides and Aristida<br />
vagans, and ground ferns, predominately Cheilanthes sieberi. Naturalised species recorded
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
in more than 25% of sites in this community were Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 38%)<br />
and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 29%). This community occurs within the study area on a<br />
range of substrates in the Central and Lower Hunter Valley in the Cessnock area.<br />
MU 69 — Forest Red Gum / Broad-leaved Apple grassy woodland on serpentinite at Nowendoc<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus tereticornis in association<br />
with Angophora floribunda and a small tree layer often including Acacia maidenii and<br />
Leptospermum brevipes. The understorey is typically shrubby and may contain a diverse<br />
variety of species, commonly including Bursaria spinosa, Jacksonia scoparia, Lissanthe strigosa,<br />
Pomaderris vellea, Acacia serpentinicola and Leucopogon neoanglicus. The ground layer is<br />
characteristically grassy and dominated by Themeda australis along with Panicum effusum<br />
and Cymbopogon refractus. The ground layer commonly also includes various graminoids,<br />
including Gahnia aspera, and herbs, including Plectranthus graveolens and Viola betonicifolia.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites within this community.<br />
Within the study area this community is confined to foothills of the Northern Escarpment<br />
in the Nowendoc area at mid elevations on serpentinite.<br />
MU 70 — Eucalyptus serpentinicola / Allocasuarina ophiolitica / Spinifex grass low mallee<br />
woodland on serpentinite of the Lower North Coast<br />
Low woodlands with a canopy characterised by almost exclusive dominance of the rare<br />
mallee eucalypt Eucalyptus serpentinicola and a small tree layer dominated by the rare<br />
casuarina Allocasuarina ophiolitica and Leptospermum brevipes. The understorey is typically<br />
shrubby and characteristically includes Xanthorrhoea glauca along with Lissanthe strigosa,<br />
the rare Grevillea granulifera, Hibbertia riparia and Acacia serpentinicola. The ground layer<br />
is commonly grassy and characterised by Triodia scariosa along with Poa sieberiana and<br />
Entolasia stricta, and various rushes and sedges, in particular, Lepidosperma laterale and<br />
Lomandra filiformis. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to serpentinite outcrops on the ranges<br />
and foothills of the Lower North Coast and Northern Tablelands Escarpment at mid<br />
elevations. This community is of particular conservation value as three of the plant species<br />
which characterise the community (Eucalyptus serpentinicola, Allocasuarina ophiolitica and<br />
Grevillea granulifera) are considered to be rare or threatened and are not recorded in any<br />
other community within the study area.<br />
MU 71 — Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy dominated by Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus fibrosa, and<br />
commonly including E. crebra and E. moluccana. An open shrub layer is generally present<br />
and typically includes Bursaria spinosa, Daviesia ulicifolia, Leucopogon juniperinus and Acacia<br />
parvipinnula, along with scrambling climbers, such as Eustrephus latifolius and Hardenbergia<br />
violacea. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and dominated by Themeda australis,<br />
Aristida vagans and Entolasia stricta, along with scattered herbs and ground ferns, including<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi, Lomandra confertifolia and Brunoniella australis. The only naturalised<br />
species occurring in greater than 25% of sites in this community was Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 33%).<br />
86
87<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on a range of substrates, mainly conglomerates<br />
and siltstones, on low slopes of the ranges of the Lower and Central Hunter Valley at lower<br />
elevations.<br />
MU 72 — Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Red Ironbark shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests dominated by Corymbia maculata and Eucalyptus crebra, with E. fibrosa as a<br />
less-common canopy component. The understorey is generally open shrubby and may<br />
include various species, such as Bursaria spinosa, Daviesia ulicifolia, Eremophila debilis and<br />
Lissanthe strigosa. The ground layer typically consists of mixed grasses, in particular, Aristida<br />
vagans, A. ramosa, Microlaena stipoides and Cymbopogon refractus; forbs, including Lomandra<br />
multiflora, Dianella revoluta, Laxmannia gracilis and Brunoniella australis; and ground ferns,<br />
predominately Cheilanthes sieberi. A number of naturalised species were recorded in more<br />
than 25% of sites in this community, including Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel,<br />
45%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 31%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 66%), Sonchus<br />
oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 34%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 59%) and Solanum<br />
nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 28%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on lower slopes of hills in the Central Hunter<br />
Valley at lower elevations and on a range of substrates.<br />
MU 73 — Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by Corymbia maculata in association with Eucalyptus crebra,<br />
with a small tree layer comprised of Allocasuarina torulosa and Brachychiton populneus. The<br />
understorey is typically open shrubby and commonly includes Persoonia linearis, Notelaea<br />
longifolia, Breynia oblongifolia and Jacksonia scoparia, along with a range of climbers, including<br />
Pandorea pandorana, Clematis glycinoides, Cissus opaca and Eustrephus latifolius. The ground<br />
layer is characteristically dominated by a diverse range of grasses, including Cymbopogon<br />
refractus, Microlaena stipoides, Themeda australis and Aristida ramose; along with various<br />
herbs, including Vernonia cinerea, Brunoniella australis and Pratia purpurascens; and ground<br />
ferns, including Cheilanthes sieberi and C. distans. A number of naturalised species were<br />
recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community including Cirsium vulgare (Spear<br />
Thistle, 28%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 49%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 54%),<br />
Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 51%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 56%) and Solanum nigrum<br />
(Black-berry Nightshade, 26%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on the ranges of the Central and Lower<br />
Hunter Valley at mid to low elevations on a range of substrates.<br />
MU 74 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Bull Oak shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus crebra, often in<br />
association with E. moluccana and a small tree layer dominated by Allocasuarina luehmannii.<br />
A sparse shrub layer may be present and commonly includes Breynia oblongifolia and<br />
Eremophila debilis. The understorey is predominately grassy with Themeda australis, Aristida<br />
ramosa, Cymbopogon refractus and Eragrostis leptostachya the most common grass species.<br />
The understorey also may include various ground ferns, in particular, Cheilanthes sieberi<br />
and C. distans, and herbs, including Dichondra species A, Calotis lappulacea and Lomandra<br />
multiflora. Numerous naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community, including Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 26%), Plantago lanceolata
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
(Lamb’s Tongues, 33%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 70%), Sonchus oleraceus<br />
(Common Sowthistle, 26%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 74%),<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 67%) and Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 26%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on various substrates in the Central and<br />
Lower Hunter Valley and northern Yengo NP area.<br />
MU 75 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey Box / Spotted Gum shrub / grass open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus crebra in association with E. molucanna and C.<br />
maculata, with a sparse small tree layer consisting mainly of Brachychiton populneus. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and commonly dominated by Bursaria spinosa and Olearia<br />
elliptica. Other common shrub species include Eremophila debilis, Indigofera australis and<br />
Acacia parvipinnula. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and dominated by Themeda<br />
australis, Cymbopogon refractus, Paspalidium aversum, Panicum effusum and Microlaena stipoides.<br />
Various other herbaceous species may be common but not dominant in the ground layer,<br />
including Brunoniella australis, Vernonia cinerea, Fimbristylis dichotoma and Cheilanthes distans.<br />
A number of naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community,<br />
including Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues, 38%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed,<br />
69%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 27%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs,<br />
35%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 27%) and Richardia stellaris (27%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on a range of substrates, mainly sandstones<br />
and sands, in the Central Hunter Valley and northern Yengo NP area at mid to lower<br />
elevations.<br />
MU 76 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Native Olive shrubby open forest<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus crebra in association with a variety<br />
of less common eucalypt species, including E. moluccana and Angophora floribunda. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and characterised by the presence of Notelaea macrocarpa<br />
along with various other shrubs, commonly including Olearia elliptica, Pittosporum<br />
undulatum and Acacia paradoxa, along with the climber Clematis glycinoides. The ground<br />
layer is typically dominated by grasses, including Microlaena stipoides, Dichelachne micrantha,<br />
Austrostipa scabra and Aristida ramosa, and may also include a variety of herbaceous species,<br />
including Dichondra repens, Wahlenbergia stricta, Daucus glochidiatus Cheilanthes distans and<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi. Numerous, mainly herbaceous, naturalised species were commonly<br />
recorded in this community, including Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 47%), Anagallis<br />
arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 50%), Polycarpon tetraphyllum (Four-leaved Allseed,<br />
32%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 74%), Gamochaeta americana (Cudweed, 26%),<br />
Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 74%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly<br />
Pear, 68%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 45%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 58%), Solanum<br />
nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 34%), Centaurium tenuiflorum (39%), Cynoglossum australe<br />
var. australe (45%) and Petrorhagia nanteuilii (53%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on a range of substrates on ranges and<br />
foothills of the Upper Hunter Valley and Liverpool Range at mid to lower elevations. This<br />
community may be of particular conservation significance because it contains the only<br />
recorded occurrence in this study of the endangered herb Lepidium hyssopifolium, although<br />
it is not common in the community.<br />
88
MU 77 — White Box / Silvertop Stringybark shrubby open forest of the Central Hunter<br />
89<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus albens in association with<br />
E. laevopinea, E. crebra and E. blakelyi. An open shrub layer is typically present and<br />
characteristically dominated by Olearia elliptica and Notelaea microcarpa. The climbers<br />
Clematis glycinoides and Pandorea pandorana are also commonly present at low densities<br />
in the understorey. The ground layer is typically grassy and characterised by Microlaena<br />
stipoides, Aristida ramosa and Cymbopogon refractus. The ground layer generally also includes<br />
various herbaceous species, such as Pratia purpurascens, Dichondra repens Cheilanthes sieberi,<br />
Scutellaria humilis, Glycine spp. and Desmodium spp. A number of naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community in more than 25% of sites, including Cirsium vulgare (Spear<br />
Thistle, 43%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 67%), Gomphocarpus fruticosus<br />
(Narrow-leaved Cotton Bush, 29%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 48%), Bidens<br />
pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 52%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 33%) and Solanum nigrum (Blackberry<br />
Nightshade, 29%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on various substrates on ranges of the Central<br />
Hunter Valley at mid elevations.<br />
MU 78 — Blakely’s Red Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrubby woodland<br />
Open forests with a canopy typically dominated by Eucalyptus crebra in association with E.<br />
blakelyi and Angohpora floribunda. The understorey is typically shrubby and characterised<br />
by Notelaea microcarpa and commonly includes Bursaria spinosa and Macrozamia communis,<br />
along with the climbers Clematis glycinoides and Pandorea pandorana. The ground layer is<br />
typically grassy and dominated by Microlaena stipoides with Echinopogon ovatus and Digitaria<br />
ramularis also common. The understorey also commonly includes various herbaceous<br />
species, such as Dichondra repens, Sigesbeckia australiensis, Plectranthus parviflorus and<br />
Cyperus gracilis. Numerous naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites<br />
in this community including Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 33%), Gomphocarpus fruticosus<br />
(Narrow-leaved Cotton Bush, 39%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 33%), Taraxacum<br />
officinale (Dandelion, 28%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 50%), Bidens<br />
pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 50%) and Cynoglossum australe var. australe (39%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on a range of substrates, mainly sandstones,<br />
on ranges of Central and Upper Hunter Valley and Northern Wollemi NP at mid to low<br />
elevations.<br />
MU 79 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Spotted Gum / Grey Box open forest on hills of the Hunter Valley<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus punctata, E. molucanna, Angophora floribunda<br />
and E. blakelyi with a small tree layer, characterised by Brachychiton populneus, commonly<br />
present. The understorey is predominately shrubby and may include a relatively diverse<br />
range of species, in particular, Notelaea microcarpa, Myoporum montanum, Spartothamnella<br />
juncea, Acacia decora, Eremophila debilis and Solanum brownii along with the climbers Clematis<br />
glycinoides and Eustrephus latifolius. The understorey is typically grassy and dominated by<br />
Aristida ramosa, Austrostipa verticillata and Cynodon dactylon and may also include various<br />
herbaceous species, such as Cheilanthes sieberi, Lomandra multiflora, Calotis lappulacea and<br />
C. cuneifolia. Numerous naturalised species were recorded in greater than 25% of sites in<br />
this community, including Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis (Wall Fumitory, 50%), Cirsium
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
vulgare (Spear Thistle, 90%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 90%), Gomphocarpus<br />
fruticosus (Narrow-leaved Cotton Bush, 50%), Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues, 30%),<br />
Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 70%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 40%), Sonchus<br />
oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 90%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear,<br />
90%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 30%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 90%) and Arctotheca<br />
calendula (Capeweed, 50%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on hills of the Central and Upper Hunter<br />
Valley, mainly on coal measures at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 80 — White Box / Native Olive woodland of Upper Hunter and northern Wollemi National Park<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
albens and occasionally including other eucalypt species, such as E. moluccana and E. crebra.<br />
A shrubby understorey is typically present and dominated by Notelaea microcarpa and<br />
Dodonaea viscosa. The understorey typically consists of various forbs, including Cheilanthes<br />
sieberi, Vittadinia sulcata, Calotis lappulacea, Einadia hastata and Rostellularia adscendens.<br />
Various grass species may be common at some sites, including Aristida ramosa and Themeda<br />
australis. Numerous, mainly herbaceous, naturalised species were commonly recorded in<br />
this community, including Medicago minima (Woolly Burr Medic, 36%), Arenaria serpyllifolia<br />
(Thyme-leaved Sandwort, 27%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 45%), Trifolium<br />
campestre (Hop Clover, 27%), Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover, 36%), Opuntia humifusa<br />
(Creeping Pear, 27%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 55%), Bidens pilosa<br />
(Cobbler’s Pegs, 55%), Paronychia brasiliana (Chilean Whitlow Wort, 27%) and Petrorhagia<br />
nanteuilii (45%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on a range of substrates, mainly<br />
sandstones and conglomerates, on ranges of Central and Upper Hunter Valley and northern<br />
Wollemi National Park at mid elevations.<br />
MU 81 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black Pine dry shrub / grass woodland<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus crebra in association<br />
with E. albens and Callitris endlicheri. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and<br />
dominated by Notelaea microcarpa and Dodonaea viscosa. A diverse range of other shrubs is<br />
also commonly present, including Olearia elliptica, Spartothamnella juncea, Grevillea montana<br />
and Choretrum species A. The ground layer is typically grassy and dominated by Aristida<br />
ramosa along with Cymbopogon refractus and generally also includes various ground ferns<br />
and other herbaceous species, such as Cheilanthes sieberi, C. distans, Cyperus gracilis, Einadia<br />
hastata and Brunoniella australis. Naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites<br />
in this community were Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 42%) and Opuntia stricta var.<br />
stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 58%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed at mid to low elevations on ranges of<br />
the Upper Hunter Valley, northern Wollemi NP and the Goulburn River area, mainly on<br />
sandstones.<br />
MU 82 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Coastal Myall / Native Olive woodland of Central Hunter<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus crebra in association with E.<br />
punctata and Callitris endlicheri, with a small tree layer dominated by Acacia binervia and<br />
90
91<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
including Alphitonia excelsa commonly present. The shrubby understorey is characterised<br />
by Notelaea microcarpa and Spartothamnella juncea, and also often includes Solanum brownii<br />
and Macrozamia communis. The ground layer characteristically consists of a mix of grasses<br />
such as Microlaena stipoides and Austrostipa setacea, and various ground ferns and forbs,<br />
including Cheilanthes sieberi, Crassula sieberiana, Dichondra species A and Calotis lappulacea.<br />
Numerous naturalised species were commonly recorded in this community, including<br />
Opuntia aurantiaca (Tiger Pear, 43%), O. stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 43%),<br />
Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 29%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 57%),<br />
Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 57%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 71%),<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 100%) and Facelis retusa (29%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of Central and Upper<br />
Hunter Valley at lower elevations.<br />
MU 83 — White Box / Red Box shrubby woodland on sandstone of western Blue Mountains<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus albens in association with E.<br />
polyanthemos. The canopy may also occasionally include E. oblonga and E. rossii and a small<br />
tree layer, including Acacia obtusifolia and A. implexa, may also be present. An open shrub<br />
layer is generally present and commonly includes Bursaria spinosa, Indigofera adesmiifolia,<br />
Melichrus erubescens, Acacia caesiella and Macrozamia communis. The ground layer is typically<br />
dominated by forbs and graminoids, including Lomandra confertifolia, Lepidosperma laterale,<br />
Oxalis exilis, Plantago debilis, Veronica plebeia and Daucus glochidiatus. No naturalised species<br />
were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to ranges of the western Blue Mountains<br />
at mid to high elevations.<br />
Shrubby subformation<br />
MU 84 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey Myrtle / Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Rusty Fig open forest<br />
on Upper Hunter ranges<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus punctata in<br />
association with E. sparsifolia over a mid stratum characterised by Backhousia myrtifolia,<br />
Pittosporum undulatum and Allocasuarina torulosa, and commonly including Ficus rubiginosa<br />
and Clerodendrum tomentosum. The understorey is typically shrubby and includes Notelaea<br />
microcarpa, Solanum prinophyllum, S. stelligerum and Maytenus silvestris. A relatively diverse<br />
range of climbers is also commonly present, including Clematis glycinoides, Cayratia<br />
clematidea, Tylophora barbata, Eustrephus latifolius and Pandorea pandorana. Epiphytic ferns<br />
are also a common feature of this community and include Platycerium bifurcatum and<br />
Pyrrosia rupestris. Typically the ground layer is dominated by the grasses Oplismenus<br />
aemulus, O. imbecillis and Microlaena stipoides. Also common in the ground layer are ground<br />
ferns, including Pellaea falcata, Asplenium flabellifolium and Doodia aspera, and various forbs<br />
and graminoids, including Plectranthus parviflorus, Lepidosperma laterale, Viola hederacea and<br />
Galium propinquum. The only naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community was Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 29%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is only recorded in ranges of the Wingen area in the<br />
Upper Hunter Valley on sandstones and basalt substrates at mid elevations.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 85 — Monkey Gum / Eucalyptus blaxlandii shrubby open forest on basalt of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus cypellocarpa and<br />
E. blaxlandii, with a sparse small tree layer often including Acacia melanoxlon. Various<br />
other eucalypt species may be present in the canopy at lower frequencies, in particular,<br />
E. macrorhyncha and E. dives. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and often<br />
dominated by Bursaria spinosa along with other shrubs, including Melichrus urceolatus,<br />
Indigofera australis, Persoonia linearis and Lomatia silaifolia, and climbers, including Clematis<br />
glycinoides and Hardenbergia violacea. The ground layer is characterised by relatively sparse<br />
grasses, predominately Microlaena stipoides and Echinopogon ovatus, and a diverse range<br />
of herbs and ground ferns, including Geranium solanderi, Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Lomandra<br />
longifolia, Stellaria pungens, Veronica plebeia, Asplenium flabellifolium and Poranthera<br />
microphylla. Naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
include Hypericum perforatum (St Johns Wort, 50%), Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover,<br />
30%) and Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 30%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges of the western Blue Mountains<br />
and Wollemi NP at higher elevations, mainly on basalt. This community includes the only<br />
records of the rare shrub Derwentia blakelyi in this study and, hence, may have particular<br />
regional conservation significance, although this species is considered widespread<br />
elsewhere.<br />
MU 86 — Ribbon Gum / Parramatta Wattle shrubby open forest of western Blue Mountains<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus viminalis<br />
in association with Angophora floribunda. The canopy may also include other eucalypt<br />
species, in particular, E. cypellocarpa and E. bicostata. A small tree layer dominated by Acacia<br />
parramattensis and including Brachychiton populneus is often present. The understorey is<br />
characteristically shrubby and commonly includes Bursaria spinosa, Rubus parvifolius and<br />
Solanum prinophyllum, along with the climber Clematis aristata. The ground layer consists<br />
of mixed grasses, primarily Echinopogon ovatus; forbs including Urtica incisa, Ranunculus<br />
lappaceus, Senecio hispidulus and Galium propinquum; and ground ferns, mainly Pteridium<br />
esculentum. Naturalised species commonly recorded in this community included Trifolium<br />
repens (White Clover, 50%) and Conyza canadensis var. canadensis (Canadian Fleabane,<br />
50%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on ranges of the western Blue Mountains<br />
and Wollemi NP at mid elevations, mainly on basalt.<br />
MU 87 — New England Blackbutt shrubby open forest on the escarpment<br />
Open forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus campanulate,<br />
in association with E. cameronii, with a range of other eucalypts occurring less frequently.<br />
The understorey is typically shrubby and characteristically includes Persoonia linearis and<br />
Leucopogon lanceolatus as well as other shrubs, including Persoonia media and Indigofera<br />
australis, with scrambling climbers such as Hardenbergia violacea, Hibbertia scandens<br />
and Billardiera scandens also common. The ground layer is characteristically dominated<br />
by grasses, mainly Poa sieberiana, and graminoids including Lomandra longifolia and<br />
Dianella caerulea, with the fern Pteridium esculentum common in the more open areas.<br />
92
93<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the foothills and escarpment of the Lower<br />
North Coast, including Barrington area, at mid to high elevations and mainly on sandstones<br />
and cherts. This community is related to MU 47 and other similar Northern Escarpment<br />
wet sclerophyll forests, but differs because of the prominence of both E. cameronii and E.<br />
campanulata and because it has a dry understorey rather than the more mesic understorey<br />
of the wet types. This community tends to occur at higher elevations than MU 47 and on<br />
slightly drier sites.<br />
MU 88 — Smooth-barked Apple / White Stringybark / Pink Bloodwood / Melaleuca sieberi shrubby<br />
open forest<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Corymbia costata and Eucalyptus<br />
globoidea, often in association with E. robusta and C. intermedia. A mid layer of tall shrubs<br />
and small trees is typically present and dominated by paperbarks, including Melaleuca<br />
sieberi, M. linariifolia and M. nodosa, and commonly also includes Allocasuarina littoralis, A.<br />
torulosa and Leptospermum polygalifolium. The shrubby understorey typically consists of a<br />
relatively diverse range of smaller shrubs, including Pultenaea villosa, P. retusa, Dodonaea<br />
triquetra, Persoonia levis, Daviesia ulicifolia and Epacris pulchella, and scrambling climbers<br />
including Billardiera scandens, Kennedia rubicunda and Hardenbergia violacea. The understorey<br />
is typically dominated by grasses, in particular, Themeda australis and Entolasia stricta, along<br />
with others such as Panicum simile and Paspalum orbiculare, and grass-like plants including<br />
Lomandra longifolia, Schoenus apogon, Dianella caerulea and Baumea teretifolia. Numerous<br />
forbs are typically also present in the ground layer and commonly include Gonocarpus<br />
tetragynus, Hydrocotyle peduncularis and Goodenia paniculate, along with ferns including<br />
Pteridium esculentum and Lindsaea linearis. Naturalised species recorded in more than 25%<br />
of sites within this community were Axonopus fissifolius (Narrow-leafed Carpet Grass,<br />
46%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 54%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 46%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on low coastal hills of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast, mainly on sands.<br />
MU 89 — Smooth-barked Apple / Red Bloodwood / Brown Stringybark / Wiry Panic heathy open<br />
forest<br />
Open forests characterised by Angophora costata and Corymbia gummifera, often in association<br />
with Eucalyptus capitellata. A mid storey of taller shrubs or small trees is often present and<br />
includes Allocasuarina littoralis, Banksia spinulosa and Leptospermum polygalifolium. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and commonly includes smaller shrubs, such as Phyllanthus<br />
hirtellus, Persoonia levis, P. linearis and Epacris pulchella, the grass tree Xanthorrhoea latifolia,<br />
and scrambling climbers such as Billardiera scandens and Hardenbergia violacea. The ground<br />
layer is typically dominated by grasses, mainly Entolasia stricta and Themeda australis,<br />
as well as Aristida vagans, Panicum simile and Imperata cylindrica. Grass-like plants such<br />
as Lomandra obliqua, Lepidosperma laterale and Dianella caerulea may also be common and<br />
abundant, along with sparse herbs such as Gonocarpus tetragynus, Pratia purpurascens and<br />
Goodenia heterophylla. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the coastal lowlands and low ranges of<br />
the Lower North Coast and Central Coast on a range of substrates, including sandstones
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
conglomerates and siltstones. This community may be of particular regional conservation<br />
significance due to the recorded presence of the rare orchid Acianthus amplexicaulis, which<br />
is not recorded in any other community in this study.<br />
MU 90 — Smooth-barked Apple open forest of coastal lowlands<br />
Open forests characterised by Angophora costata often co-dominant with Eucalyptus pilularis<br />
and less commonly with other eucalypts including E. piperita and E. globoidea. An open mid<br />
storey characterised by Allocasuarina torulosa and often including Clerodendrum tomentosum<br />
is typically present. The understorey is typically shrubby and commonly includes Polyscias<br />
sambucifolia, Breynia oblongifolia, Notelaea longifolia, Acacia longifolia and Dodonaea triquetra,<br />
along with scrambling climbers such as Eustrephus latifolius, Clematis aristata and Hibbertia<br />
dentata. The ground layer typically consists a mixture of grasses, predominately Oplismenus<br />
aemulus, Entolasia marginata, Imperata cylindrica, Poa affinis and Echinopogon ovatus; grasslike<br />
plants including Lomandra longifolia and Lepidosperma neesii; and ground ferns, mainly<br />
Adiantum aethiopicum and Pteridium esculentum. Various small herbs may also be commonly<br />
present, including Pratia purpurascens and Dichondra repens. Naturalised species commonly<br />
recorded in this community included Lantana camara (Lantana, 78%) and Chrysanthemoides<br />
monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 56%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast in<br />
the Macquarie / Tuggerah Lakes area.<br />
MU 91 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Smooth-barked Apple / Blue-leaved Stringybark semi-mesic<br />
shrub / grass open forest on coastal ranges of the Sydney Basin<br />
Open forests characterised by Eucalyptus punctata, often in association with E. agglomerata,<br />
Angophora costata and Syncarpia glomulifera. An open mid storey is commonly present<br />
and characterised by Allocasuarina torulosa and may also include Acacia maidenii and<br />
A. implexa. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and may include a variety of<br />
smaller shrubs, such as Persoonia linearis, Platysace lanceolata, Podolobium ilicifolium, Cassinia<br />
cunninghamii and Polyscias sambucifolia, along with a diverse range of climbers, including<br />
Billardiera scandens, Hardenbergia violacea, Kennedia rubicunda and Eustrephus latifolius.<br />
The ground layer is characteristically dominated by grasses, including Entolasia stricta,<br />
Themeda australis, Microlaena stipoides and Panicum simile, and grass-like species, including<br />
Lepidosperma laterale, Dianella caerulea and Lomandra longifolia. Sparse ground ferns, mainly<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi, and herbs, including Pratia purpurascens, Goodenia heterophylla and<br />
Hybanthus monopetalus, are also commonly present. Naturalised species recorded in this<br />
community in more than 25% of sites were Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 32%) and<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 32%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on the sandstone ranges of the Central<br />
Coast at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 92 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Rough-barked Apple shrubby open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus crebra, often in association with<br />
Angophora floribunda, E. punctata and A. costata and occasionally with E. fibrosa. An open<br />
mid layer including Allocasuarina torulosa and Exocarpos cupressiformis may also be present.<br />
The understorey is typically shrubby and commonly includes Pultenaea scabra, Persoonia<br />
linearis, Exocarpos strictus, Acacia parvipinnula and Grevillea mucronulata, along with the<br />
94
95<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
climbers Hardenbergia violacea, Billardiera scandens and Pandorea pandorana. The ground<br />
layer characteristically consists of a mixture of grasses, including Themeda australis, Panicum<br />
simile, Microlaena stipoides and Entolasia marginata, and grass-like species, such as Lomandra<br />
longifolia, Dianella revoluta and D. caerulea. Scattered ground ferns, mainly Cheilanthes sieberi,<br />
and forbs, including Pomax umbellata and Pratia purpurascens, are also commonly present.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on slopes of sandstone ranges of the Sydney<br />
Basin in the Yengo NP area.<br />
MU 93 — Smooth-barked Apple / Swamp Mahogany / Cabbage Palm open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy characterised by Angophora costata, often in association with<br />
Eucalyptus robusta and Livistona australis, and commonly including E. umbra. The understorey<br />
is typically shrubby and includes taller shrubs, such as Glochidion ferdinandi, Banksia spinulosa,<br />
Melaleuca linariifolia and Leptospermum polygalifolium, as well as various smaller shrubs,<br />
including Pultenaea villosa, Acacia longifolia, Dodonaea triquetra and Polyscias sambucifolia.<br />
Various climbers are also commonly present in the understorey, including Smilax glyciphylla<br />
and Eustrephus latifolius. The ground layer typically consists of a mixture of grasses, mainly<br />
Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis and Imperata cylindrica, grass-like plants, including Gahnia<br />
clarkei, G. sieberiana, Dianella caerulea and Lomandra longifolia, and the fern Pteridium esculentum.<br />
Scattered forbs, such as Gonocarpus teucrioides, may also be present in the understorey. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands on the Central Coast in<br />
the Macquarie / Tuggerah Lakes area, mainly on sands and sandstones.<br />
MU 94 — Podocarpus spinulosus / Burrawang shrubby woodland of the southern Central Coast<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a mixed canopy typically including Angophora costata,<br />
Corymbia gummifera and Livistona australis and commonly also including Syncarpia<br />
glomulifera and Eucalyptus piperita. A mid storey, characteristically dominated by Podocarpus<br />
spinulosus and including Elaeocarpus reticulatus, is generally also present. The understorey is<br />
characteristically shrubby and dominated by Macrozamia communis and Xanthorrhoea arborea<br />
and also includes a diverse range of shrubs, such as Pultenaea flexilis, Platylobium formosum,<br />
Banksia serrata, Persoonia pinifolia, Dodonaea triquetra and Acacia ulicifolia. Climbers, such as<br />
Pandorea pandorana, Smilax glyciphylla and Hibbertia dentata, are also common. The ground<br />
layer is often dominated by Pteridium esculentum along with various grasses, including<br />
Themeda australis and Entolasia stricta, and grass-like plants, such as Lomandra longifolia and<br />
Dianella caerulea. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites within<br />
this community.<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to low coastal hills of the southern<br />
Central Coast on Quaternary sands and Triassic sandstones.<br />
MU 95 — Smooth-barked Apple / Broad-leaved Mahogany heathy woodland on hills at Nelson Bay<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Angophora costata often<br />
in association with Eucalyptus umbra, and with E. piperita, E. pilularis and E. capitellata also<br />
commonly occurring. The understorey typically consists of a diverse range of shrubs,<br />
including Pultenaea villosa, Acacia myrtifolia, Lomatia silaifolia, Hakea sericea, H. dactyloides
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
and Hibbertia aspera, as well as various climbers, such as Pandorea pandorana, Hardenbergia<br />
violacea and Smilax glyciphylla. In some cases the understorey may be dominated by<br />
Doryanthes excelsa. The ground layer is typically dominated by grasses, mainly Themeda<br />
australis, and grass-like plants including Lepidosperma laterale, L. gunnii, Caustis flexuosa,<br />
Patersonia glabrata and Lomandra obliqua, along with the fern Pteridium esculentum. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to low hills on the coastal lowlands of<br />
the Lower North Coast in the Nelson Bay area, mainly on sands.<br />
MU 96 — Smooth-barked Apple / Turpentine heathy woodland on sandstones of the northern<br />
Sydney Basin<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Angophora costata in<br />
association with Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus piperita and Corymbia gummifera. A mid<br />
storey of taller shrubs is commonly present including Banksia serrata and Ceratopetalum<br />
gummiferum. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and consists of a diverse range<br />
of species, particularly from the Proteaceae and Fabaceae families, including Pultenaea<br />
flexilis, Banksia spinulosa, Xanthorrhoea arborea, Persoonia levis, Acacia ulicifolia, A. linifolia and<br />
Platysace linearifolia as well as the climber Smilax glyciphylla. The ground layer typically<br />
consists of a mixture of grasses, such as Entolasia stricta; grass-like plants, including<br />
Dianella caerulea, Lomandra longifolia, Lepidosperma laterale and Schoenus melanostachys;<br />
ground ferns, predominately represented by Pteridium esculentum; and scattered forbs. The<br />
only naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community was Lantana<br />
camara (Lantana, 27%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Central Coast<br />
hinterland, including Dharug NP. This community includes the only records in this study<br />
of the endangered shrub Persoonia mollis and, hence, it may have particular conservation<br />
significance.<br />
MU 97 — Turpentine / Forest Oak / Smooth-barked Apple shrubby open forest on ranges of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Open forests with an overstorey characterised by Syncarpia glomulifera and Angophora<br />
costata, often in association with Eucalyptus umbra and E. piperita and commonly<br />
including Corymbia gummifera and E. agglomerata. An open mid storey, typically including<br />
Allocasuarina torulosa, is often present. A diverse shrub layer is characteristically present<br />
in the understorey and commonly includes Persoonia linearis, P. levis, Platysace linearifolia,<br />
Gompholobium latifolium, Lomatia silaifolia and Xylomelum pyriforme, as well as climbers such<br />
as Billardiera scandens and Smilax glyciphylla. The ground layer is typically dominated by<br />
grasses, including Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis and Microlaena stipoides; a range of<br />
grass-like species, such as Lepidosperma laterale, Dianella caerulea and D. revolute; ground<br />
ferns, including Pteridium esculentum and Lindsaea microphylla; as well as scattered forbs.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstones on the coastal ranges of the<br />
Central Coast at mid to low elevations.<br />
96
97<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 98 — Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrubby open forest of northern<br />
Wollemi National Park<br />
Open forests with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus sparsifolia and E. punctata, and<br />
commonly including Angophora costata. The understorey is typically shrubby and consists<br />
of a diverse range of species, including Persoonia linearis, Podolobium ilicifolium, Leucopogon<br />
muticus, Hibbertia obtusifolia and Exocarpos strictus, as well as the climbers Hardenbergia<br />
violacea and Billardiera scandens. The ground layer is generally sparse and consists of a<br />
mixture of grasses, including Entolasia stricta; a range of grass-like plants, including<br />
Lomandra confertifolia, Dianella caerulea and Lepidosperma laterale; and scattered forbs such<br />
as Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs mainly on sandstones on ridges and upper<br />
slopes of ranges in the northern Wollemi, Yengo NP and Central Hunter Valley areas. This<br />
community may be of particular regional conservation significance as it includes the only<br />
records in this study of the rare shrub Olearia cordata.<br />
MU 99 — Sydney Peppermint / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy open forest of north-west Wollemi<br />
National Park<br />
Open forests with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus piperita, often in association<br />
with E. punctata and E. agglomerata. A shrubby mid storey, including Acacia obtusifolia<br />
with Leptospermum trinervium, A. terminalis and Banksia serrata, is commonly present.<br />
The understorey is often densely shrubby and consists of a diverse range of species,<br />
including Persoonia linearis, Amperea xiphoclada, Lomatia silaifolia, Podolobium ilicifolium,<br />
Leucopogon lanceolatus and Monotoca scoparia, as well as climbers such as Smilax glyciphylla<br />
and Hardenbergia violacea. The ground layer is characterised by a range of grass-like<br />
species, including Lomandra obliqua, L. confertifolia, Dianella caerulea, Patersonia sericea and<br />
Lepidosperma laterale; forbs, including Gonocarpus teucrioides, Gonocarpus tetragynus and<br />
Hybanthus monopetalus; and scattered grasses, chiefly Entolasia stricta. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
The community is distributed within the study area on Triassic sandstone ranges of the<br />
western Blue Mountains at mid to high elevations.<br />
MU 100 — Sydney Peppermint semi-mesic open forest of northern Wollemi National Park<br />
Open forests with an overstorey characteristically dominated by Eucalyptus piperita, often<br />
in association with E. sparsifolia, and less commonly with E. cypellocarpa and E. punctata. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and semi-mesic and consists of various taller shrubs, such<br />
as Ceratopetalum gummiferum, Elaeocarpus reticulatus and Notelaea venosa; a diverse range of<br />
smaller shrubs, including Persoonia linearis, Lomatia silaifolia, Polyscias sambucifolia, Acacia<br />
saliciformis and Podolobium ilicifolium; as well as numerous climbers such as Hardenbergia<br />
violacea, Pandorea pandorana and Billardiera scandens. The understorey is typically dominated<br />
by various ferns, including Calochlaena dubia, Pteridium esculentum, Blechnum cartilagineum<br />
and Lindsaea microphylla, and also includes various grasses and grass-like plants, such as<br />
Poa affinis, Dianella caerula, Stylidium productum and Lomandra filiformis. Scattered forbs,<br />
typically including Gonocarpus teucrioides, may also be present. No naturalised species<br />
were recorded in this community in more than 25% of sites.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
This community occurs within the study area on gully slopes of sandstone ranges in the<br />
northern Wollemi NP area.<br />
MU 101 — Sydney Peppermint / Silvertop Ash / Gymea Lily ferny woodland<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus piperita in association with E. sieberi<br />
and Callicoma serratifolia, and often with Angophora costata. The understorey is typically<br />
shrubby and may often be dominated by Doryanthes excelsa. Common shrubs species include<br />
Pultenaea daphnoides, Persoonia levis, Banksia spinulosa, Hakea teretifolia, Bauera rubioides and<br />
Lomatia silaifolia, with the climber Smilax glyciphylla also common. The ground layer is<br />
characteristically ferny and often dominated by Gleichenia dicarpa with other common ferns,<br />
including Pteridium esculentum, Lindsaea linearis and Calochlaena dubia. Various grass and<br />
grass-like plants, including Gahnia sieberiana, Lomandra longifolia, Dianella caerulea, Themeda<br />
australis and Entolasia stricta, are also common in the ground layer, though less abundant.<br />
Naturalised species recorded from more than 25% of sites in this community include Pinus<br />
radiata (Radiata Pine, 45%) and Ageratina adenophora (Crofton Weed, 27%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone plateaux of the Central Coast<br />
hinterland.<br />
MU 102 — Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca nodosa shrubby woodland in the Cessnock / Kurri<br />
Kurri area<br />
Woodlands with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus parramattensis, commonly in<br />
association with Angophora bakeri and E. fibrosa. A mid storey of taller shrubs is commonly<br />
present and dominated by Melaleuca nodosa, along with Leptospermum trinervium. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and consists of a diverse range of smaller shrubs,<br />
including Leptospermum parvifolium, Callistemon linearis, Melaleuca thymifolia, Hakea sericea,<br />
Xanthorrhoea glauca, Isopogon anemonifolius and Banksia spinulosa, as well as the parasitic<br />
climber Cassytha glabella. The ground layer is typically dominated by grasses, including<br />
Entolasia stricta, Aristida warburgii and Anisopogon avenaceus; grass-like plants, including<br />
Lomandra glauca, L. cylindrica, Dianella revoluta and Lepidosperma laterale; with the ground<br />
fern Cheilanthes sieberi also common. No naturalised species were recorded in more than<br />
25% of sites within this community.<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to the Warkworth / Cessnock area. ‘MU<br />
102 — Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca nodosa shrubby woodland in the Cessnock / Kurri<br />
Kurri area’ is equivalent to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Kurri Sand Swamp<br />
Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion’ (DECC 2009). In addition, the only records<br />
within this study of the rare shrub Persoonia pauciflora were at sites in this community;<br />
hence, it may have particular regional conservation significance. As well, a number of<br />
ground orchids, including Diuris aurea, Pterostylis rufa and P. ophioglossa, are only recorded<br />
in this study at sites in this community.<br />
MU 103 — Yellow Bloodwood / Red Bloodwood / Brown Stringybark shrub / grass open forest in the<br />
Cessnock / Kurri Kurri area<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by an overstorey dominated by Corymbia eximia,<br />
C. gummifera and Eucalyptus capitellata. An open mid storey is often present and includes<br />
the rare wattle Acacia kulnurensis and Leptospermum trinervium. The understorey typically<br />
consists of a diverse range of shrubs, commonly including Persoonia linearis, Isopogon<br />
98
99<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
anemonifolius, Leptospermum parvifolium, Xanthorrhoea glauca, Hovea linearis, Monotoca<br />
scoparia and Astrotricha obovata. The ground layer is usually dominated by a mix of grasses,<br />
including Entolasia stricta, Joycea pallida, Anisopogon avenaceus and Aristida ramosa, and<br />
numerous grass-like species, including Ptilothrix deusta, Lomandra obliqua, L. cylindrica,<br />
Lepidosperma laterale and Dianella revoluta. A number of forbs are also commonly present<br />
in the understorey, including Pomax umbellata and Goodenia heterophylla. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area in the lower Central Hunter Valley in the<br />
Cessnock area, mainly on conglomerates. Acacia kulnurensis, mentioned above as being<br />
common in this community, is only rarely recorded at sites in other communities in this study<br />
and, hence, this community may have particular regional conservation significance.<br />
MU 104 — Narrow-leaved Apple / Parramatta Red Gum / Persoonia oblongata heathy woodland<br />
of the Howes Valley area<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey dominated by Angophora bakeri and<br />
Eucalyptus parramattensis, often in association with E. sclerophylla, and with a mid storey<br />
commonly including Allocasuarina littoralis, Leptospermum trinervium and Banksia serrata.<br />
The understorey is characterised by a high diversity of shrubs, commonly including<br />
Persoonia oblongata (rarely recorded in this study outside this community), Hakea dactyloides,<br />
Dillwynia glaberrima, Melaleuca thymifolia, Xanthorrhoea media, Leptospermum continentale<br />
(rarely recorded in this study outside this community) and Leucopogon virgatus. The diverse<br />
ground layer is typically dominated by grass-like plants, including Lepyrodia scariosa,<br />
Schoenus brevifolius, Xyris complanata and Lomandra glauca, and grasses including Themeda<br />
australis, Entolasia stricta, Aristida ramosa and A. benthamii. A diverse range of forbs is also<br />
commonly present, including Gonocarpus tetragynus, G. micranthus, Pomax umbellata and<br />
Wahlenbergia stricta. The only naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community was Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 40%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Howes Valley<br />
area.<br />
MU 105 — Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood heath woodland of coastal lowlands<br />
Woodlands characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus haemastoma and Corymbia<br />
gummifera, often with Angophora inopina as a co-dominant and commonly including<br />
E. capitellata. An open mid storey of taller shrubs including Allocasuarina littoralis and<br />
Leptospermum trinervium is commonly present. The understorey is characteristically shrubby<br />
and includes a highly diverse range of species, such as Epacris pulchella, Banksia oblongifolia,<br />
B. spinulosa, Lambertia formosa, Isopogon anemonifolius, Xanthorrhoea latifolia, Hakea dactyloides,<br />
Petrophile pulchella, Hibbertia vestita and Pultenaea paleacea. The ground layer is typically<br />
dominated by grass-like plants, including Ptilothrix deusta, Lepyrodia scariosa, Cyathochaeta<br />
diandra and Lomandra obliqua, and grasses including Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis,<br />
Anisopogon avenaceus and Aristida warburgii. The fern Lindsaea linearis is also commonly<br />
present. The ground orchids Caladenia alata and Genoplesium despectans are not recorded in<br />
this study in any other community, although neither is commonly present.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast in<br />
the Macquarie / Tuggerah Lakes area, mainly on sandstones.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 106 — Smooth-barked Apple / Scribbly Gum grass / shrub woodland of Central Coast lowlands<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Angophora costata in<br />
association with Eucalyptus haemastoma and commonly including Corymbia gummifera. An<br />
open mid storey, characterised by Allocasuarina torulosa, may be present. The understorey<br />
is typically shrubby and may include Acacia myrtifolia, Persoonia levis, Lambertia formosa,<br />
Banksia spinulosa, B. oblongifolia and Epacris microphylla, among others. The ground layer<br />
commonly includes various grasses, including Themeda australis and Entolasia stricta, and<br />
grass-like species, including Ptilothrix deusta, Lepyrodia scariosa, Cyathochaeta diandra and<br />
Lepidosperma laterale. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast in<br />
the Macquarie / Tuggerah Lakes area, mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 107 — Yellow Bloodwood / Narrow-leaved Apple heathy woodland on Hawkesbury Sandstone<br />
Woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Angophora inopina and Corymbia eximia, and<br />
usually including Eucalyptus punctata, E. sparsifolia and Angophora costata. The understorey<br />
is characteristically shrubby and commonly includes a diverse range of shrubs, such as<br />
Persoonia linearis, Hovea linearis, Monotoca scoparia, Leptospermum trinervium, Acacia linifolia<br />
and Conospermum longifolium. The ground layer typically consists of a mix of grasses,<br />
including Entolasia stricta and E. marginata; grass-like plants, including Lomandra glauca,<br />
Lomandra obliqua, Caustis flexuosa and Dianella revolute; and scattered forbs, including<br />
Pomax umbellata, Goodenia heterophylla and Gonocarpus teucrioides. No naturalised species<br />
were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the Sydney Basin in<br />
the Yengo, Wollemi and Dharug NP areas. The rare shrubs Persoonia hirsuta and Micromyrtus<br />
blakelyi were not recorded at sites from any other community on this study and, hence, this<br />
community may have particular regional conservation significance.<br />
MU 108 — Dwarf Apple / Scribbly Gum heathy low woodland on Hawkesbury Sandstone of<br />
southern Central Coast<br />
Low woodlands with a canopy characterised by Angophora hispida in association with<br />
Eucalyptus haemastoma. The understorey is characteristically densely shrubby and commonly<br />
includes Banksia oblongifolia, Petrophile pulchella, Leptospermum trinervium, Baeckea diosmifolia,<br />
Isopogon anemonifolius, Hakea dactyloides, Dampiera stricta and Xanthorrhoea media. The ground<br />
layer is typically dominated by various sedges and other grass-like species, including<br />
Lepyrodia scariosa, Ptilothrix deusta, Cyathochaeta diandra and Lomandra glauca; grasses,<br />
including Entolasia stricta and Anisopogon avenaceus; and scattered forbs, such as Actinotus<br />
minor. No naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the southern Central<br />
Coast at lower elevations.<br />
MU 109 — Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood / Old Man Banksia heathy woodland of southern Central<br />
Coast<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus haemastoma and<br />
Corymbia gummifera, commonly with Angophora costata and E. sieberi. A mid storey of taller<br />
100
101<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
shrubs characterised by Banksia serrata and B. ericifolia is also commonly present. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and includes a diverse range of species such as Acacia<br />
suaveolens, Platysace linearifolia, Persoonia levis, P. isophylla, Hakea dactyloides, Grevillea buxifolia,<br />
Lambertia formosa and Petrophile pulchella. The ground layer typically consists of a mix of<br />
grass-like species, including Lepyrodia scariosa, Lepidosperma laterale and Lomandra obliqua;<br />
grasses, including Anisopogon avenaceus and Entolasia stricta; ferns, including Lindsaea<br />
linearis and Pteridium esculentum; along with scattered forbs. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the southern Central<br />
Coast at mid to lower elevations.<br />
MU 110 — Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked Apple / Old Man Banksia heathy woodland in the<br />
Watagans<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy dominated by Corymbia gummifera, Angophora<br />
costata and Eucalyptus haemastoma, and a mid storey commonly dominated by Banksia<br />
serrata and Leptospermum trinervium. The understorey typically consists of a diverse range<br />
of shrubs, commonly including Persoonia levis, Platysace linearifolia, Lambertia formosa,<br />
Phyllota phylicoides, Banksia spinulosa, Petrophile pulchella, Xanthorrhoea media, Doryanthes<br />
excelsa and Bossiaea heterophylla. The ground layer typically consists of a mix of grasses,<br />
such as Anisopogon avenaceus and Entolasia stricta, grass-like species including Cyathochaeta<br />
diandra, Lepyrodia scariosa, Caustis flexuosa, Patersonia sericea and Lomandra glauca, and ferns<br />
including Lindsaea linearis and Pteridium esculentum. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Central Coast<br />
in the Watagans area at mid to lower elevations. This community may have particular<br />
regional conservation significance as it is the only community in this study in which the<br />
rare shrub Boronia fraseri has been recorded.<br />
MU 111 — Coast Tea Tree / Old Man Banksia coastal shrubland<br />
Low open forests with a canopy characterised by Leptospermum laevigatum and Banksia<br />
serrata, and commonly including Angophora costata and Eucalyptus botryoides. The<br />
understorey is characteristically densely shrubby and commonly includes Monotoca<br />
elliptica, Acacia longifolia, A. suaveolens, Banksia aemula, Ricinocarpos pinifolius and Correa<br />
reflexa, along with the climbers Kennedia rubicunda and Hardenbergia violacea. The ground<br />
layer is often dominated by Pteridium esculentum. It commonly also includes grass-like<br />
species, including Baloskion gracile, Lomandra longifolia and Dianella caerulea; grasses, in<br />
particular, Imperata cylindrica; along with scattered forbs, including Gonocarpus teucrioides<br />
and Pomax umbellata. Naturalised species commonly recorded at sites in this community<br />
include Lantana camara (Lantana, 33%), and Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata<br />
(Bitou Bush, 80%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast, mainly on Quaternary sands. MU 111 is closely related to MU 112<br />
(see below). This community may have particular regional conservation significance as it<br />
is the only community in this study in which the endangered species Indigofera baileyi has<br />
been recorded.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 112 — Old Man Banksia / Rough-barked Apple / Bangalay shrubby open forest on coastal sand<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy characterised by Angophora floribunda and<br />
Eucalyptus botryoides, and with a mid storey of tall shrubs characterised by Banksia serrata<br />
and commonly including Allocasuarina littoralis and Glochidion ferdinandi. The understorey is<br />
typically shrubby and commonly includes Monotoca elliptica, Platysace lanceolata, Macrozamia<br />
communis, Xanthorrhoea arborea, Acacia suaveolens, Gompholobium latifolium and Ricinocarpos<br />
pinifolius, along with climbers such as Hardenbergia violacea, Billardiera scandens and Eustrephus<br />
latifolius. The ground layer is typically heavily dominated by Pteridium esculentum. It also<br />
commonly consists of grasses, mainly Themeda australis and Imperata cylindrica; grass-like<br />
plants, including Lomandra longifolia and Dianella caerulea; along with scattered forbs, such<br />
as Gonocarpus teucrioides and Hybanthus monopetalus. Naturalised species recorded at more<br />
than 25% of sites in this community were Lantana camara (Lantana, 52%), Cinnamomum<br />
camphora (Camphor Laurel, 43%) and Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus, 48%).<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to coastal lowlands of the Central Coast<br />
in the Umina area on Quaternary sands. MU 112 — Old Man Banksia / Rough-barked<br />
Apple / Bangalay shrubby open forest on coastal sand is equivalent to the ‘Ecological<br />
Community Umina Coastal Sandplain Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion’ (DECC<br />
2009).<br />
MU 113 — Smooth-barked Apple / Blackbutt / Old Man Banksia coastal sands woodland<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey dominated by Angophora costata and<br />
Eucalyptus pilularis, and a mid storey of tall shrubs characterised by Banksia serrata. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and commonly includes Ricinocarpos pinifolius, Monotoca<br />
elliptica, Acacia ulicifolia, A. suaveolens, Persoonia levis, Leucopogon lanceolatus, Bossiaea<br />
rhombifolia and Hibbertia linearis, as well as the climbers Hardenbergia violacea, Pandorea<br />
pandorana and Billardiera scandens. The ground layer is often dominated by Pteridium<br />
esculentum; grasses, including Themeda australis and Imperata cylindrica; various grasslike<br />
species, including Dianella caerulea and Lomandra longifolia also common; as well as<br />
scattered forbs, including Gonocarpus teucrioides and Pomax umbellata. The most commonly<br />
recorded naturalised species in this community was Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.<br />
rotundata (Bitou Bush, 27%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast, mainly on Quaternary sands.<br />
MU 114 — Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked Apple heath woodland on coastal sands of the Lower<br />
North Coast<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Corymbia gummifera in association with<br />
Angophora costata, and often with Eucalyptus pilularis as canopy dominant. A mid storey<br />
of tall shrubs is often present and commonly includes Leptospermum trinervium, Banksia<br />
serrata and Acacia terminalis. The understorey consists of a diverse range of shrubs,<br />
including Acacia suaveolens, Banksia aemula, Ricinocarpos pinifolius, A. ulicifolia, Monotoca<br />
scoparia, Aotus ericoides and Bossiaea heterophylla. The ground layer is commonly dominated<br />
by Pteridium esculentum with a range of other species also common, including Lomandra<br />
longifolia, Dianella caerulea and Gonocarpus teucrioides. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
102
103<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands of the Lower North<br />
Coast and Central Coast, mainly on sands and sandstones.<br />
MU 115 — Smooth-barked Apple / Blackbutt heathy open forest<br />
Open forests with a canopy strongly dominated by Angophora costata and Eucalyptus<br />
pilularis, with no other eucalypt species commonly occurring. A mid storey of taller shrubs<br />
is often present dominated by Banksia serrata and commonly including Acacia terminalis<br />
and Xylomelum pyriforme. The understorey is characterised by a highly diverse range of<br />
shrubs, commonly including A. suaveolens, A. ulicifolia, Persoonia levis, Leucopogon ericoides,<br />
Monotoca scoparia, Banksia aemula, Tetratheca ericifolia and Brachyloma daphnoides. The ground<br />
layer typically consists of a mix of the fern Pteridium esculentum, grasses (mainly Themeda<br />
australis), grass-like plants (including Hypolaena fastigiata, Lomandra glauca and Caustis<br />
pentandra) and forbs (including Gonocarpus teucrioides and Tricoryne elatior). No naturalised<br />
species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to coastal lowlands of the Lower North<br />
Coast in the Anna Bay / Tomaree Peninsular area on Quaternary sands.<br />
MU 116 — Melaleuca sieberi / Lepyrodia scariosa heathy woodland of coastal lowlands<br />
Woodlands characterised by a canopy including Angophora costata and Eucalyptus resinifera,<br />
and with a mid storey of tall shrubs and small trees typically dominated by paperbarks<br />
(Melaleuca sieberi and M. nodosa), and often including Leptospermum juniperinum and<br />
Allocasuarina littoralis. The understorey is typically shrubby and characterised by species<br />
including Pultenaea paleacea, L. juniperinum, M. thymifolia, Banksia oblongifolia, Epacris<br />
pulchella and Acacia longifolia. The ground layer is characterised by numerous sedges and<br />
other grass-like species commonly including Lepyrodia scariosa, Empodisma minus, Ptilothrix<br />
deusta, Chorizandra cymbaria, Gahnia clarkei and Schoenus brevifolius. Various grass species<br />
are also common in the ground layer, although less dominant, including Entolasia stricta,<br />
Hemarthria uncinata, Themeda australis and Panicum simile. In addition, various forbs may<br />
also be present in the ground layer, such as Gonocarpus tetragynus, G. micranthus and<br />
Goodenia bellidifolia. No naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than<br />
25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained areas on coastal lowlands<br />
of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on sands and sandstones.<br />
MU 117 — Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca sieberi / Swamp Mahogany swamp forest on the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Open forests to open woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus<br />
parramattensis, in association with Angophora floribunda and E. robusta. A dense mid storey of<br />
taller shrubs is typically present and dominated by paperbarks including Melaleuca sieberi<br />
and M. nodosa, and often also including Acacia longifolia. The ground storey is typically<br />
dominated by various grass-like species, including Lomandra longifolia, Cyperus difformis,<br />
Juncus usitatus and Philydrum lanuginosum. Grasses, in particular, Cynodon dactylon and<br />
Microlaena stipoides (less abundant), and forbs including Hydrocotyle peduncularis, Persicaria<br />
strigosa, Ranunculus inundatus and Oxalis chnoodes, are also common in the ground layer.<br />
Numerous naturalised species, mainly herbaceous, were commonly recorded at sites in<br />
this community, including Trifolium dubium (Yellow Suckling Clover, 67%), Andropogon
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
virginicus (Whisky Grass, 100%), Verbena rigida (Veined Verbena, 33%), Paspalum urvillei<br />
(Vasey Grass, 67%), Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 67%), Vulpia bromoides (Squirrel<br />
Tail Fesque, 67%), Briza minor (Shivery Grass, 100%), Briza maxima (Quaking Grass, 33%),<br />
Cerastium glomeratum (Mouse-ear Chickweed, 67%), Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues,<br />
67%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 100%), Rumex crispus (Curled Dock, 33%),<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 100%), Stenotaphrum secundatum (Buffalo Grass, 67%) and<br />
Rubus ulmifolius (Blackberry, 33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on sandstones of<br />
coastal lowlands of the Central Coast.<br />
MU 118 — Camfield’s Stringybark heathy woodland of the Central Coast lowlands<br />
Woodlands characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus camfieldii in association<br />
with E. oblonga, and an open mid storey characterised by Allocasuarina littoralis, and often<br />
including Melaleuca linariifolia, M. nodosa, Leptospermum laevigatum and Glochidion ferdinandi.<br />
The understorey is typically densely shrubby and may include a range of shrubs, such as<br />
Kunzea ambigua, Mirbelia rubiifolia, Woollsia pungens, Pimelea linifolia and Hakea teretifolia,<br />
and climbers including Billardiera scandens. The ground layer commonly consists of a mix<br />
of grasses, mainly Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis and Cynodon dactylon; forbs including<br />
Goodenia paniculata, Gonocarpus teucrioides, Viola betonicifolia and Pratia purpurascens; and<br />
grass-like species including Dianella caerulea, Lepidosperma laterale, Haemodorum planifolium<br />
and Lomandra longifolia. Naturalised species commonly recorded at sites in this community<br />
include Andropogon virginicus (Whisky Grass, 100%), Paspalum urvillei (Vasey Grass,<br />
50%), Briza minor (Shivery Grass, 50%), Sporobolus indicus (Parramatta Grass, 50%), Sida<br />
rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 50%), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu Grass, 50%), Senecio<br />
madagascariensis (Fireweed, 100%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 50%) and Hypochaeris<br />
radicata (Catsear, 50%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast,<br />
mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 119 — Coast Tea Tree / Coast Banksia / Ficinia nodosa dune low open forest<br />
Open forests to low open forests characterised by Banksia integrifolia, in association with<br />
Leptospermum laevigatum, and with Cupaniopsis anacardioides and Acacia longifolia also often<br />
present in the overstorey. The understorey is characteristically shrubby and commonly<br />
includes Scaevola calendulacea, Leucopogon parviflorus, Breynia oblongifolia, Correa alba and<br />
Monotoca elliptica, along with the scrambling climber Hibbertia scandens. The ground<br />
layer is characteristically dominated by grass-like species, including Lomandra longifolia,<br />
Ficinia nodosa and Dianella caerulea. Commonly recorded naturalised species at sites in this<br />
community include Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane, 38%), Chrysanthemoides monilifera<br />
subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 100%), and Hydrocotyle bonariensis (38%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to poorly drained areas on coastal<br />
lowlands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast on sands and sandstones.<br />
MU 120 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum shrubby open forest on sandstone<br />
Open forests with an overstorey typically dominated by Eucalyptus crebra, in association with<br />
E. punctata and often including Angophora floribunda. A sparse small tree layer characterised<br />
104
105<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
by Brachychiton populneus is commonly also present. The understorey is typically shrubby,<br />
characterised by Notelaea macrocarpa and Choretrum species A, and often includes<br />
various other small shrubs such as Melichrus urceolatus, Dodonaea triangularis, Leucopogon<br />
muticus, Myoporum montanum, Bursaria spinosa, Cassinia quinquefaria and Olearia elliptica.<br />
The ground layer is typically made up of a mix grasses, including Microlaena stipoides,<br />
Echinopogon ovatus and Digitaria ramularis; the ground ferns Cheilanthes sieberi, C. distans<br />
and less commonly Asplenium flabellifolium; grass-like species, including Lomandra filiformis,<br />
Lepidosperma laterale and Gahnia aspera; and various forbs, such as Dichondra repens, Pratia<br />
purpurascens and Pomax umbellata. The ground layer also commonly includes the ground<br />
orchids Pterostylis daintreana (not recorded in this study outside of this community) and<br />
Pterostylis concinna (rarely recorded in this study outside of this community). Naturalised<br />
species commonly recorded at sites in this community include Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella<br />
Sedge, 27%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 36%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion,<br />
27%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 36%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common<br />
Prickly Pear, 91%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 27%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area mainly on sandstone ranges of the Upper<br />
Hunter Valley at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 121 — Grey Box / Slaty Box shrub / grass woodland<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey typically dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
moluccana and E. dawsonii, and often including Callitris endlicheri and Brachychiton<br />
populneus. An open shrub layer is usually present and commonly includes Olearia elliptica,<br />
Dodonaea viscosa and Notelaea microcarpa. The understorey is characteristically grassy,<br />
with the main grass species being Aristida ramosa, A. vagans and Cymbopogon refractus.<br />
Various forbs and graminoids are commonly also present though less abundant in the<br />
ground layer, including Dichondra repens, Einadia hastata, Calotis lappulacea, Brunoniella<br />
australis, Gahnia aspera and Lomandra multiflora. The only naturalised species recorded<br />
at more than 25% of sites in this community was Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common<br />
Prickly Pear, 60%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on river valley slopes on northern Wollemi<br />
NP and Upper Hunter Valley, mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 122 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black Pine / Acacia linearifolia shrub / grass open forest in<br />
Goulburn River National Park<br />
Open forests with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus crebra, in association with<br />
Callitris endlicheri and less commonly including E. fibrosa and Angophora floribunda. An open<br />
small tree layer characterised by Acacia linearifolia is also typically present. The understorey<br />
consists of an open shrub layer and commonly includes Dodonaea triangularis, Solanum<br />
campanulatum, Hibbertia acicularis, Sida petrophila, Bursaria spinosa and Boronia anethifolia. The<br />
ground layer typically consists of a sparse layer of forbs, including Einadia hastata, Goodenia<br />
rotundifolia and Gonocarpus elatus; ground ferns, mainly Cheilanthes sieberi; with grasses and<br />
graminoids, including Microlaena stipoides and Gahnia aspera, less common and abundant.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Goulburn River<br />
area at mid to low elevations.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 123 — Bulga Wattle low closed forest<br />
Low closed forests with a canopy strongly dominated by Acacia bulgaensis, often in<br />
association with Callitris endlicheri. Eucalyptus moluccana and E. punctata are typically<br />
present as emergent tree but are not abundant, and Angophora costata may also be present.<br />
An open layer of smaller shrubs is usually present and commonly includes Bertya oleifolia,<br />
Solanum stelligerum, Cassinia leptocephala, Spartothamnella juncea and Melichrus urceolatus.<br />
The ground layer consists of a mix of grasses, predominately including Paspalidium distans<br />
and Entolasia stricta; ground ferns, mainly Cheilanthes distans and C. sieberi; and various<br />
graminoids, including Lomandra confertifolia and Lepidosperma laterale. Various forbs may<br />
also be present, including Dichondra repens, Pratia purpurascens and Plectranthus parviflorus.<br />
The only naturalised species recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites was<br />
Bidens subalternans (Greater Beggar’s Ticks, 67%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the Lower and<br />
Central Hunter Valley at mid to lower elevations. MU 123 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance due to the dominance of the rare shrub Acacia bulgaensis which is<br />
rarely recorded in this study in sites outside this community.<br />
In relating MU 123 to Keith vegetation classes, a new class called ‘Northern Wattle Dry<br />
Sclerophyll Forests’ was created following the terminology used by Hunter (2005) in<br />
describing northern analogues to the ‘Southern Wattle Dry Sclerophyll Forests’ of Keith<br />
(2002) within the dry sclerophyll forests formation (shrubby subformation). Hunter<br />
describes these northern wattle forests, where they occur on the west-flowing catchments<br />
of the Northern Tablelands and North-Western Slopes, as being dominated by taxa within<br />
the Juliflorae tribe, which includes A. bulgaensis, and as having a closed canopy and sparse<br />
understorey, both of which features are recorded for this community.<br />
MU 124 — Rough-barked Apple / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Blakely’s Red Gum / Bull Oak / Coast<br />
Banksia / Bracken woodland of Warkworth area<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus blakelyi, Angophora<br />
floribunda and E. crebra, and typically with a mid layer of smaller trees characterised by<br />
Allocasuarina luehmannii, Banksia integrifolia and Exocarpos cupressiformis. The understorey<br />
is typically shrubby and commonly includes Hibbertia linearis, Grevillea montana, Pimelea<br />
linifolia, Acacia filicifolia, Breynia oblongifolia and Notelaea neglecta (not recorded in this study<br />
in sites outside this community). The ground layer usually consists of a mix of grasses,<br />
including Aristida vagans, Cymbopogon refractus and Cynodon dactylon; graminoids, including<br />
Lomandra confertifolia and Dianella revolute; and ground ferns, including Cheilanthes<br />
austrotenuifolia and Pteridium esculentum. Naturalised species recorded in this community<br />
at more than 25% of sites were Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 67%), Opuntia stricta var.<br />
stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 71%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 29%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs mainly on Quaternary (Aeolian) sands in<br />
the Warkworth area of the Central Hunter Valley. MU 124 Rough-barked Apple / Narrowleaved<br />
Ironbark / Blakely’s Red Gum / Bull Oak / Coast Banksia / Bracken woodland of<br />
Warkworth area is equivalent to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Warkworth<br />
Sands Woodland in the Sydney Basin Bioregion’ (DECC 2009).<br />
106
MU 125 — Rough-barked Apple grass / forb riparian open forest<br />
107<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Open forests characterised by Angophora floribunda, and occasionally including various<br />
other eucalypts. The understorey is predominately grass, however, various shrubs may<br />
be present, including Melicytus dentatus, Acacia linearifolia and Persoonia linearis. Common<br />
grass species include Microlaena stipoides and Echinopogon ovatus. Common in the ground<br />
layer are ground ferns, including Pteridium esculentum and Cheilanthes sieberi; various forbs,<br />
including Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Dichondra repens and Stellaria pungens; and graminoids<br />
such as Lomandra longifolia. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community include Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 27%) and Hypochaeris radicata<br />
(Catsear, 64%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area in gullies and riparian areas of sandstone<br />
ranges in the Goulburn River and Wollemi NP areas. MU 125 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance as the rare forb Indigofera efoliata is recorded in this study only at<br />
sites in this community.<br />
MU 126 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark heath woodland in Goulburn River National Park<br />
Woodlands with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus crebra, often in association with E.<br />
rossii. In some cases Allocasuarina gymnanthera may be present as a mid storey tree. The<br />
understorey is typically shrubby and may be densely shrubby, and commonly includes<br />
Acacia linearifolia, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Astroloma humifusum, Brachyloma daphnoides,<br />
Leucopogon muticus, Cassinia arcuata, Styphelia triflora and Cassinia laevis. The ground<br />
layer is usually grassy with the main grass species being Microlaena stipoides, Dichelachne<br />
micrantha, Digitaria ramularis and Echinopogon ovatus. The ground layer also commonly<br />
includes grass-like species, such as Gahnia aspera; ground ferns, mainly Cheilanthes sieberi;<br />
and various forbs, including Pomax umbellata, Oxalis perennans and Poranthera microphylla.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sandstone ranges of the Goulburn River<br />
area at mid elevations.<br />
MU 127 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black Pine / Cassinia arcuata heathy open forest of the Upper<br />
Hunter<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus crebra, in association<br />
with Callitris endlicheri and occasionally including E. dwyeri and E. punctata. The understorey<br />
is generally shrubby and commonly includes Cassinia arcuata, Styphelia triflora, Platysace<br />
ericoides, Leucopogon muticus, Melichrus urceolatus, Astroloma humifusum and Brachyloma<br />
daphnoides. The ground layer is typically grassy with common grasses including Microlaena<br />
stipoides, Joycea pallida, Aristida vagans and Austrostipa scabra. Also common and abundant<br />
in the ground layer may be ground ferns, mainly including Cheilanthes sieberi; graminoids,<br />
such as Lepidosperma laterale and Gahnia aspera; and forbs, including Pomax umbellata and<br />
Goodenia hederacea. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the Upper Hunter<br />
Valley and Goulburn River area at mid elevations.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 128 — Mugga Ironbark / Black Pine shrub / grass open forest of far west Upper Hunter<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey strongly dominated by Eucalyptus sideroxylon,<br />
usually with Callitris endlicheri as a co-dominant. A mid storey characterised by Allocasuarina<br />
gymnanthera is also commonly present. The understorey is shrubby and typically includes<br />
Brachyloma daphnoides, Leucopogon attenuatus, Cassinia arcuata, Grevillea sericea, Melichrus<br />
urceolatus, Macrozamia secunda, Xanthorrhoea australis and Platysace ericoides. The ground<br />
layer commonly consists of a mix of grasses, including Aristida jerichoensis and Dichelachne<br />
micrantha; forbs, including Pomax umbellata, Wahlenbergia gracilis and Goodenia glabra;<br />
various graminoids, including Lepidosperma laterale and Gahnia aspera; and the ground fern<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the Goulburn River<br />
and Turrell State Forest areas.<br />
MU 129 — Tumbledown Red Gum / Spinifex grass heathy low open woodland of the western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Low open woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus dealbata, sometimes with E. goniocalyx,<br />
E. laevopinea and E. cannonii present in the canopy. An open mid storey of Allocasuarina<br />
gymnanthera is commonly also present. The understorey is typically densely shrubby and<br />
commonly includes Styphelia triflora, Sannantha cunninghamii, Persoonia linearis, Xanthorrhoea<br />
johnsonii, Acacia obtusata, Leucopogon attenuatus and Acacia leucolobia, along with scrambling<br />
climbers such as Billardiera scandens and Hardenbergia violacea, and the parasitic climber<br />
Cassytha pubescens. The ground layer is predominately grassy and characteristically<br />
dominated by Triodia scariosa, with other common grasses including Joycea pallida, Aristida<br />
jerichoensis and Entolasia stricta. The ground layer also commonly includes grass-like<br />
species, such as Lepidosperma laterale and Lomandra filiformis, as well as various forbs such as<br />
Gonocarpus elatus, Actinotus helianthi and Pomax umbellate, and the ground fern Cheilanthes<br />
sieberi. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is found on trachyte outcrops on ranges of the<br />
western Blue Mountains.<br />
MU 130 — Whipstick Mallee Ash / Yertchuk heathy mallee woodland of central Wollemi National<br />
Park<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
multicaulis and E. consideniana. The understorey is typically densely shrubby, with<br />
common shrub species including Isopogon anemonifolius, Platysace lanceolata, Leptospermum<br />
trinervium, Bossiaea heterophylla, Persoonia levis, Mirbelia rubiifolia, Lomatia silaifolia, Monotoca<br />
scoparia, Hakea dactyloides and Xanthorrhoea media. The ground layer consists predominately<br />
of graminoids including Patersonia glabrata, P. sericea, Caustis flexuosa, Lomandra obliqua,<br />
L. glauca and Stylidium productum. The main grass species is Entolasia stricta, and various<br />
forbs, including Pomax umbellata and Actinotus minor, may also be present in the ground<br />
layer. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on ridgetops of ranges of the western Blue<br />
Mountains at mid to high elevations and mainly on Narrabeen sandstones.<br />
108
109<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 131 — Whipstick Mallee Ash / Casuarina / Baeckea brevifolia mallee woodland of central<br />
Wollemi National Park and southern Central Coast<br />
Very low woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus multicaulis and occasionally including<br />
other eucalypt species such as E. bensonii, Angophora bakeri and Corymbia eximia. The<br />
understorey is typically densely shrubby and may be dominated by Baeckea brevifolia. Other<br />
common shrub species include Allocasuarina nana, A. distyla, both occasionally abundant,<br />
as well as Petrophile pulchella, Zieria laevigata and Isopogon anemonifolius. The ground layer<br />
typically consists of various graminoids, including Schoenus imberbis, Lomandra obliqua, L.<br />
glauca and Patersonia sericea; scattered grasses, such as Eragrostis brownii; and forbs, such as<br />
Actinotus helianthi. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on ridgetops of ranges of the western<br />
Blue Mountains at mid elevations on sandstones. MU 131 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it is the only community in this study to include records of the<br />
rare shrub Epacris muelleri and the rare forb Velleia perfoliata.<br />
MU 132 — Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Fringe Myrtle / Phebalium squamulosum heathy<br />
woodland of the western Blue Mountains<br />
Woodlands characterised by Eucalyptus sparsifolia, often in association with E. rossii, and<br />
with an open mid storey of taller shrubs and small trees, with Acacia obtusifolia and Callitris<br />
rhomboidea often present. The understorey is typically densely shrubby and commonly<br />
includes Calytrix tetragona, Phebalium squamulosum, Leucopogon muticus, Monotoca scoparia,<br />
Philotheca salsolifolia, Leptospermum parvifolium, Brachyloma daphnoides and L. sphaerocarpum.<br />
The ground layer is typically sparse and includes a variety of graminoids such as Caustis<br />
pentandra, Lomandra glauca and Lepidosperma laterale, along with scattered forbs and grasses.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ridgetops of ranges of the western Blue<br />
Mountains, mainly on Narrabeen sandstones, at mid to high elevations. This community<br />
may have particular regional conservation significance as it includes the only records in<br />
this study of the rare shrub Prostanthera hindii.<br />
MU 133 — Yertchuk / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy woodland of northern Wollemi<br />
Woodlands with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus consideniana and often including<br />
E. punctata. The understorey is generally shrubby with common shrubs including Persoonia<br />
linearis, Platysace ericoides, Leucopogon setiger, Grevillea mucronulata, Coopernookia barbata and<br />
Podolobium ilicifolium. The ground layer is typically sparse and consists of forbs, including<br />
Pomax umbellata and Gonocarpus teucrioides; grass-like species, such as Lomandra longifolia<br />
and L. confertifolia; and occasional scattered grasses. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on Narrabeen sandstones on ridgetops<br />
of ranges of the western Blue Mountains.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 134 — Narrow-leaved Stringybark heathy open forest in Towarri and<br />
Wingen Maid National Parks<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus sparsifolia, often in<br />
association with E. nubila, and commonly including E. crebra. The understorey is shrubby<br />
and may be dominated in places by Leucopogon muticus and Leptospermum polyanthum,<br />
with other common shrubs including Acacia filicifolia, Persoonia linearis, Choretrum species<br />
A, Podolobium ilicifolium, Xanthorrhoea johnsonii, Melichrus urceolatus, Macrozamia concinna<br />
and Hibbertia obtusifolia. The ground layer is typically a mix of graminoids, including<br />
Lomandra glauca, L. confertifolia and Lepidosperma laterale; forbs such as Pomax umbellata<br />
and Goodenia hederacea; along with scattered grasses and ground ferns. The main grass<br />
species is Cleistochloa rigida and the main ground fern present is Cheilanthes sieberi. The<br />
only naturalised species occurring at over 25% of sites in this community was Hypochaeris<br />
radicata (Catsear, 48%).<br />
Within the study area this community occurs on foothills of the Liverpool Range and<br />
ranges in the Wingen Maid and Towarri NP areas, mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 135 — Red Ironbark / Large fruited grey gum / Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Brown Bloodwood<br />
shrubby open forest in north-west Wollemi National Park and eastern Goulburn River<br />
National Park<br />
Open forests with a canopy predominately consisting of Eucalyptus fibrosa, E. punctata, E.<br />
sparsifolia and Corymbia trachyphloia. The understorey is typically shrubby and commonly<br />
includes Persoonia linearis, Leucopogon muticus, Macrozamia communis, Phyllanthus hirtellus,<br />
Dodonaea triangularis, Melichrus urceolatus and Styphelia triflora. The ground layer consists of<br />
a mix of grasses, graminoids and forbs, with the main grass species including Cleistochloa<br />
rigida, Entolasia stricta and Digitaria ramularis. Common graminoids include Lomandra<br />
confertifolia, L. glauca, Lepidosperma gunnii, L. laterale and Dianella revolute, and common forbs<br />
include Pomax umbellata and Goodenia rotundifolia. No naturalised species were recorded at<br />
more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges of the northern Wollemi NP area<br />
and the Upper Hunter at mid to low elevations and mainly on sandstones.<br />
MU 136 — Narrow-leaved Stringybark / Large-fruited Grey Gum heathy open forest in northern<br />
Wollemi National Park<br />
Open forests with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus sparsifolia and E. punctata. The<br />
understorey is generally shrubby with common shrubs including Leucopogon muticus,<br />
Phebalium squamulosum, Persoonia linearis and Podolobium ilicifolium. The ground layer<br />
typically consists of a mix of grasses, including Cleistochloa rigida and Entolasia stricta,<br />
graminoids such as Lepidosperma laterale and Lomandra confertifolia, and the ground fern<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on ranges of the northern Wollemi NP<br />
area and the Upper Hunter at mid elevations. MU 136 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance as three rare shrub species are recorded within this study only in<br />
this community. These are Philotheca ericifolia, Pomaderris bodalla and P. costata.<br />
110
111<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 137 — Brown Bloodwood / Dwyer’s Red Gum heathy woodland of northern Wollemi National<br />
Park and Goulburn River National Park<br />
Low open forests to woodlands with a mixed canopy consisting of Corymbia trachyphloia,<br />
Eucalyptus dwyeri, E. fibrosa and Callitris endlicheri, and with an open mid storey including<br />
Acacia doratoxylon and Allocasuarina littoralis. The understorey is typically shrubby<br />
with Phebalium squamulosum common and abundant. Other common shrubs include<br />
Leptospermum trinervium, L. parvifolium, Leucopogon muticus, Calytrix tetragona, Persoonia<br />
linearis and Isopogon dawsonii. The ground layer predominately consists of grasses, mainly<br />
Cleistochloa rigida, and various graminoids including Lepidosperma laterale, L. gunnii,<br />
Lomandra glauca, L. confertifolia and Dianella revoluta. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs mainly on sandstone ranges of the northern<br />
Wollemi NP area and the Upper Hunter Valley at mid elevations.<br />
MU 138 — Red Ironbark / Large-fruited Grey Gum / Black Pine / heathy woodland in Goulburn River<br />
National Park<br />
Woodlands characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus fibrosa and E. punctata,<br />
and often including Callitris endlicheri. The understorey is generally shrubby and commonly<br />
consists of a diverse range of species, including Acrotriche rigida, Persoonia linearis, Dodonaea<br />
triangularis, Grevillea sericea, G. triternata, Allocasuarina gymnanthera, Brachyloma daphnoides,<br />
Melichrus erubescens, Styphelia triflora and Acacia penninervis. The ground layer is typically<br />
sparse and may include graminoids, such as Lepidosperma laterale, and scattered grasses and<br />
forbs including Aristida vagans and Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded<br />
in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on sandstone and basalt substrates on<br />
ranges of the northern Wollemi NP area at mid to low elevations.<br />
MU 139 — Black Pine / Red Ironbark / Brown Bloodwood shrubby woodland<br />
Woodlands with a canopy commonly dominated by Callitris endlicheri, often in association<br />
with Eucalyptus fibrosa and Corymbia trachyphloia. The understorey is characteristically<br />
shrubby and commonly includes Leucopogon muticus, Persoonia linearis, Grevillea sericea,<br />
Astroloma humifusum, Styphelia triflora, Hibbertia circumdans, Acrotriche rigida and Acacia<br />
linearifolia. The ground layer typically consists of an open mix of graminoids, including<br />
Lepidosperma laterale and Lomandra glauca, grasses including Microlaena stipoides, and<br />
scattered forbs such as Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded at more<br />
than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ridges and hilltops in the northern Wollemi<br />
NP and Goulburn River areas at mid elevation and predominately on sandstones.<br />
MU 140 — Red Ironbark / Brown Bloodwood / Black Pine heathy open forest in Goulburn River<br />
National Park<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus fibrosa,<br />
Corymbia trachyphloia and Callitris endlicheri, and often including E. crebra. The understorey<br />
is typically diversely shrubby with common shrub species including Persoonia linearis,<br />
Leucopogon muticus, Grevillea sericea, Allocasuarina gymnanthera, Calytrix tetragona,
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Leptospermum parvifolium, Dodonaea triangularis and Hibbertia circumdans. The ground<br />
layer consists of an open mix of graminoids, including Lomandra glauca, L. confertifolia and<br />
Patersonia sericea, grasses including Cleistochloa rigida, and forbs such as Goodenia hederacea<br />
and Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on ridges and slopes in the northern<br />
Wollemi NP and Goulburn River areas, mainly on sandstones. MU 140 may have particular<br />
regional conservation significance as the rare shrubs Pseudanthus divaricatissimus and<br />
Persoonia cuspidifera are only recorded in this study at sites included in this community.<br />
MU 141 — Scribbly Gum / Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Bossiaea rhombifolia heathy open forest of<br />
western Blue Mountains<br />
Open forests with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus rossii, E. crebra and Callitris<br />
endlicheri. The understorey is typically shrubby with Bossiaea rhombifolia and Leucopogon<br />
muticus both common and abundant. Other common understorey species include<br />
Brachyloma daphnoides, Styphelia triflora, Calytrix tetragona, Persoonia linearis, P. curvifolia,<br />
Leucopogon muticus, Grevillea sericea and Macrozamia spiralis. The ground layer is typically<br />
dominated by graminoids, including Patersonia sericea, Lomandra filiformis, L. glauca and<br />
Schoenus ericetorum. Scattered grasses, including Entolasia stricta, and forbs, such as Pomax<br />
umbellata and Goodenia hederacea, may also be present. The only naturalised species recorded<br />
in more than 25% of sites in this community was Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 47%).<br />
Within the study area, MU 141 occurs on sandstone ranges of the western Blue Mountains<br />
and Goulburn River area at mid elevations. MU 141 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance as within this study the only records of the rare shrub Grevillea<br />
obtusiflora occur in this community.<br />
MU 142 — Large-fruited Grey Gum / Scribbly Gum / Black Pine heathy open forest of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Open forests with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus punctata and E. rossii, often in<br />
association with Callitris endlicheri. A sparse mid storey characterised by Acacia obtusifolia<br />
may also be present. The understorey is typically shrubby with common species including<br />
Persoonia linearis, Leucopogon muticus, Styphelia triflora, Monotoca scoparia, Phyllanthus<br />
hirtellus, Acacia buxifolia, Hibbertia circumdans and Brachyloma daphnoides. The ground layer<br />
is characterised by various graminoids, including Lomandra confertifolia, L. glauca and<br />
Patersonia sericea, along with scattered grasses and forbs, including Entolasia stricta and<br />
Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
MU 142 occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the western Blue Mountains<br />
and Goulburn River area.<br />
MU 143 — Caley’s Ironbark / Currawang shrubby woodland of northern Wollemi National Park<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characteristically dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
caleyi and E. fibrosa, and a mid storey dominated by Acacia doratoxylon. The understorey is<br />
typically shrubby and often densely shrubby, with common species including Cassinia uncata,<br />
Allocasuarina gymnanthera, Dodonaea viscosa, Cryptandra spinescens, Solanum stelligerum,<br />
112
113<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Persoonia linearis, Leucopogon muticus, Isopogon dawsonii and Grevillea montana. The ground<br />
layer is often predominately grassy, with the main grass species being Cleistochloa rigida<br />
and Aristida ramosa. Various graminoids are also common, including Lepidosperma gunnii,<br />
Dianella revoluta and Lomandra filiformis, and scattered forbs and ground ferns, primarily<br />
Cheilanthes sieberi, are also typically present. No naturalised species were recorded in this<br />
community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
The distribution of this community within the study area includes mainly sandstone ranges<br />
of the north-eastern Wollemi NP area.<br />
MU 144 — Brown Bloodwood / Currawang / Caley’s Ironbark shrubby woodland of eastern<br />
Goulburn River area<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by Corymbia trachyphloia, in association with<br />
Eucalyptus caleyi and E. crebra, including a mid storey of smaller trees dominated by Acacia<br />
doratoxylon and commonly including Allocasuarina verticillata. The understorey is generally<br />
shrubby and commonly includes Leucopogon muticus, Boronia anethifolia, Persoonia linearis,<br />
Hibiscus sturtii, Notelaea microcarpa, Acacia crassa and Solanum campanulatum. The ground<br />
layer is primarily dominated by grasses, with common grass species including Paspalidium<br />
criniforme, Cleistochloa rigida, Digitaria ramularis and Microlaena stipoides. Commonly present<br />
in the ground layer is a relatively diverse range of graminoids, including Lomandra confertifolia<br />
and Lepidosperma laterale; ground ferns, such as Cheilanthes sieberi and C. austrotenuifolia;<br />
and forbs, including Gonocarpus elatus, Oxalis perennans and Goodenia rotundifolia. The only<br />
naturalised species recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community was Opuntia<br />
stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 29%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs mainly on sandstone ranges of the Upper<br />
Hunter Valley and northern Wollemi NP.<br />
MU 145 — Dywer’s Red Gum / Fringe Myrtle sandstone plateau heathy open woodland of the<br />
Upper Hunter Valley<br />
Low open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus dwyeri and<br />
sometimes including Acacia doratoxylon. The understorey is shrubby, and often densely<br />
and characteristically dominated by Calytrix tetragona and to a lesser extent Leptospermum<br />
parvifolium. Other common understorey species include Harmogia densifolia, Leucopogon<br />
muticus, Hibbertia circumdans, Philotheca salsolifolia and Isopogon dawsonii. The ground layer<br />
is typically grassy, with common grass species including Cleistochloa rigida and Digitaria<br />
ramularis. Various forbs and ferns may also be scattered throughout, including Cheilanthes<br />
sieberi and Pomax umbellata. No naturalised species were recorded in this community at<br />
more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone plateaux of the Upper Hunter<br />
Valley and northern Wollemi NP.<br />
MU 146 — Dywer’s Red Gum / Micromyrtus sessilis sandstone plateau heathy open woodland of<br />
the Upper Hunter Valley<br />
Low woodlands to open woodlands with an open canopy characterised by Eucalyptus<br />
dwyeri and Callitris endlicheri. A shrubby understorey is typically present and may be<br />
strongly dominated by Micromyrtus sessilis and Acacia triptera. Other common, though
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
less abundant, understorey species include Leptospermum parvifolium, Leucopogon muticus,<br />
Phebalium squamulosum, Leptospermum trinervium and Isopogon dawsonii. The ground layer<br />
is relatively sparse and includes a mix of grasses, including Digitaria ramularis, Cleistochloa<br />
rigida and Aristida ramosa; ground ferns, represented mainly by Cheilanthes sieberi;<br />
graminoids, including Dianella revolute; and scattered forbs. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on sandstone ranges of the Upper<br />
Hunter Valley and northern Wollemi NP.<br />
MU 147 — Smooth-barked Apple / Swamp Mahogany woodland on Wallarah Peninsula<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Angophora costata in<br />
association with Livistona australis, Eucalyptus robusta and E. umbra. A mid storey of smaller<br />
trees, including Allocasuarina torulosa and Acmena smithii, is also usually present. The shrubby<br />
understorey is often semi-mesic in composition and commonly includes Breynia oblongifolia,<br />
Notelaea longifolia, Macrozamia communis, Polyscias sambucifolia, Acacia irrorata, Astrotricha<br />
floccose, Pultenaea villosa, Glochidion ferdinandi and Elaeocarpus reticulatus. A diverse range<br />
of climbers is also commonly present and may include Geitonoplesium cymosum, Smilax<br />
australis, S. glyciphylla, Pandorea pandorana, Clematis aristata and Dioscorea transversa. The<br />
ground layer is typically dominated by a mix of ferns and grasses, with common ferns<br />
including Adiantum aethiopicum, Blechnum cartilagineum and Pteridium esculentum, and<br />
common grasses including Entolasia stricta, Oplismenus aemulus and Imperata cylindrica. Also<br />
commonly occuring in the ground layer are various graminoids, such as Dianella caerulea,<br />
Gymnostachys anceps and Gahnia melanocarpa, as well as forbs, including Pratia purpurascens,<br />
Pseuderanthemum variabile, Viola hederacea and Gonocarpus teucrioides. Naturalised species<br />
recorded from more than 25% of sites in this community include Lantana camara (Lantana,<br />
31%) and Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 46%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal lowlands and low coastal hills of<br />
the Central Coast, mainly on sandstones.<br />
4.3.5.4 GRaSSY WOODLaNDS<br />
MU 148 — Silvertop Stringybark / Yellow Box grassy open forest of the eastern Liverpool Range<br />
Open forests to woodlands with an overstorey characteristically dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
laevopinea, in association with E. melliodora and E. nobilis, and with a small tree layer<br />
dominated by Allocasuarina torulosa commonly present. A sparse shrub layer may be present<br />
and commonly includes Melicytus dentatus, Solanum brownii, Pittosporum undulatum and<br />
Indigofera australis, along with various climbers such as Clematis glycinoides and Pandorea<br />
pandorana. The ground layer is typically grassy and dominated by Poa sieberiana, along<br />
with other grass species including Echinopogon ovatus, Microlaena stipoides and Cymbopogon<br />
refractus. A relatively diverse range of forbs is also generally present and includes Geranium<br />
solanderi, Dichondra repens, Sigesbeckia orientalis, Pratia purpurascens and Hydrocotyle laxiflora.<br />
Naturalised species occurring in more than 25% of sites in this community include Trifolium<br />
repens (White Clover, 47%), Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis (Wall Fumitory, 32%), Conyza<br />
sumatrensis (Tall Fleabane, 53%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 58%), Onopordum acanthium<br />
subsp. acanthium (Scotch Thistle, 26%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 47%), Taraxacum<br />
114
115<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
officinale (Dandelion, 26%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 47%), Stellaria media<br />
(Common Chickweed, 32%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 74%), Hypochaeris radicata<br />
(Catsear, 47%) and Cynoglossum australe var. australe (32%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to basalt substrates on the foothills of<br />
the Liverpool Range in the Upper Hunter Valley at mid to high elevations.<br />
MU 149 — Silvertop Stringybark / Tussock Grass grassy open forest of the northern Upper Hunter<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus laevopinea, and often<br />
including Angophora floribunda. A sparse shrub layer is often present and commonly<br />
includes Bursaria spinosa, Melicytus dentatus and Cassinia quinquefaria. The ground layer<br />
is characterised by tussock grasses, with common grass species including Poa sieberiana,<br />
Echinopogon ovatus, Aristida ramosa and Bothriochloa macra. A diverse range of forbs is also<br />
a common in the ground layer and includes Acaena novae-zelandiae, Geranium solanderi,<br />
Asperula conferta, Plantago debilis, Chamaesyce species A, Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Galium migrans<br />
and Rumex brownii. Commonly recorded naturalised species in this community include<br />
Trifolium repens (White Clover, 53%), Rosa rubiginosa (Sweet Briar, 50%), Cirsium vulgare<br />
(Spear Thistle, 90%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 28%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear,<br />
75%) and Medicago lupulina (Black Medic, 33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs mainly on basalts on ranges and foothills of<br />
the Upper Hunter Valley at mid to high elevations. MU 149 may have particular regional<br />
conservation significance due to the (occasional) presence of the rare tree Eucalyptus elliptica<br />
which is not recorded in this study in sites outside of this community.<br />
MU 150 — Rough-barked Apple / Tree Violet grass / forb open forest on sheltered sites of the<br />
Liverpool Range<br />
Open forests to woodlands dominated by Angophora floribunda, often in association with<br />
Eucalyptus laevopinea. A sparse shrub layer may be present and includes Melicytus dentatus,<br />
Solanum nigrum and Pittosporum undulatum, as well as various climbers including Clematis<br />
glycinoides and Eustrephus latifolius. The ground layer is typically a mix of grasses, forbs<br />
and ferns. The main grass species are Microlaena stipoides and Echinopogon ovatus. Common<br />
forbs include Dichondra repens, Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Urtica incisa and Geranium solanderi,<br />
and ferns include Adiantum aethiopicum and A. atroviride. Commonly recorded naturalised<br />
species in this community include Trifolium repens (White Clover, 48%), Conyza sumatrensis<br />
(Tall Fleabane, 30%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 91%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop,<br />
39%), Solanum pseudocapsicum (Madeira Winter Cherry, 43%), Phytolacca octandra (Inkweed,<br />
26%), Polycarpon tetraphyllum (Four-leaved Allseed, 26%), Stellaria media (Common<br />
Chickweed, 39%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 43%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 43%)<br />
and Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 52%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on the Liverpool Range and foothills at mid<br />
to high elevations on lower slope sites and mainly on basalts. MU 150 may have particular<br />
regional conservation significance due to the (occasional) presence of the rare tree Eucalyptus<br />
oresbia which is not recorded in this study in sites outside of this community.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 151 — Silvertop Stringybark / Boxthorn woodland on basalt<br />
Woodlands characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus laevopinea, occasionally in<br />
association with E. rossii and with an open mid storey characterised by Acacia melanoxylon.<br />
An open shrub layer may also be present and commonly includes Bursaria spinosa,<br />
Cassinia quinquefaria, Astroloma humifusum and Daviesia genistifolia. The ground layer<br />
is typically dominated by forbs, including Plantago gaudichaudii, Acaena novae-zelandiae,<br />
Stellaria pungens, Galium migrans, Asperula scoparia and Viola betonicifolia. Grasses and<br />
graminoids, such as Echinopogon ovatus and Lepidosperma laterale, may also be common but<br />
less abundant. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
include Hypericum perforatum (St Johns Wort, 100%), Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover,<br />
33%) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 100%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to ranges in the Nullo Mountain area,<br />
mainly on basalts.<br />
MU 152 — White Box / Grass Tree / Spinifex woodland at Glenbawn Dam<br />
Woodlands to open woodlands with an overstorey dominated almost exclusively by<br />
Eucalyptus albens and commonly including Codonocarpus attenuatus. A shrubby understorey<br />
is typically present and includes Xanthorrhoea glauca, Acacia decora, Olearia elliptica, Beyeria<br />
viscosa, Daviesia leptophylla, Notelaea microcarpa and Spyridium buxifolium. Characteristically,<br />
the understorey is dominated by grasses, in particular, Triodia scariosa and Themeda australis;<br />
Austrodanthonia fulva is also relatively common. Various forbs may also be present at low<br />
densities, including Gonocarpus elatus and Boerhavia dominii. Naturalised species commonly<br />
recorded at sites in this community include Asphodelus fistulosus (Onion Weed, 50%) and<br />
Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 100%).<br />
This community is restricted within the study area to the Glenbawn Dam area in the Upper<br />
Hunter Valley on sandstone substrates.<br />
MU 153 — Snow Gum / Black Sallee wet shrub / grass open forest on the Barrington plateau<br />
Open forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus pauciflora, in<br />
association with E. stellulata and E. obliqua. An open mid storey of taller shrubs, including<br />
the rare shrubs Acacia barringtonensis and Leptospermum argenteum, may also be present<br />
in some cases. The understorey typically includes an open shrub layer with common<br />
species being Acrothamnus hookeri, Persoonia chamaepeuce, Pimelea linifolia, Hakea microcarpa<br />
Pultenaea fasciculata and Olearia chrysophylla. The ground layer is typically dominated<br />
by Poa sieberiana, with a diverse range of forbs and graminoids also common including<br />
Stylidium graminifolium, Wahlenbergia stricta, Lomandra longifolia, Stellaria flaccida, Gonocarpus<br />
teucrioides, Scaevola hookeri and Ranunculus plebeius. Naturalised species which were<br />
recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community were Trifolium repens (White Clover,<br />
33%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 67%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to the Barrington Tops area at<br />
high elevations and mainly on basalts. This community may be of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Ribbon<br />
Gum, Mountain Gum, Snow Gum Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England Tableland<br />
Bioregion’ DECC 2009). In addition, a number of rare species are not recorded in this<br />
study from any other community but may be relatively common in this community. These<br />
116
117<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
include the orchids Diuris venosa and Prasophyllum fuscum, and the forb Euphrasia ciliolata.<br />
All of these species are relatively common in this community and as well the rare shrubs<br />
mentioned above are only uncommonly recorded outside this community.<br />
MU 154 — Black Sallee grass / forb woodland on Barrington Tops<br />
Woodlands to low woodlands characteristically dominated by Eucalyptus stellulata and<br />
commonly including E. pauciflora. An open shrub layer is generally present and commonly<br />
includes Epacris breviflora, Hakea microcarpa, Pimelea glauca and Acrothamnus hookeri. The<br />
ground layer is characterised by a diverse range of forbs, including Oreomyrrhis eriopoda,<br />
Acaena novae-zelandiae, Wahlenbergia ceracea, Viola betonicifolia, Hydrocotyle peduncularis and<br />
Helichrysum scorpioides. Various ferns, such as Lycopodium fastigiatum, and graminoids,<br />
including Empodisma minus and Carex declinata, may also be common though less abundant.<br />
The only naturalised species commonly recorded in this community was Trifolium repens<br />
(White Clover, 50%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to the Barrington Tops area at<br />
high elevations and mainly on basalts. This community may be of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Ribbon<br />
Gum, Mountain Gum, Snow Gum Grassy Forest/Woodland of the New England Tableland<br />
Bioregion’ (DECC 2009). In addition, within this study the rare forb Asperula asthenes is<br />
only recorded at sites included in this community.<br />
MU 155 — Silvertop Stringybark / White Box grassy open forest of the slopes of the Liverpool<br />
Range<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy characterised by Eucalyptus laevopinea and E.<br />
albens. An open shrub layer is commonly present and includes Cassinia quinquefaria, Olearia<br />
elliptica and Solanum nigrum. The ground layer is typically grassy with the main grass<br />
species including Aristida ramosa, Poa sieberiana, Bothriochloa macra, Elymus scaber, Microlaena<br />
stipoides and Cymbopogon refractus. A diverse range of forbs is typically also present in the<br />
ground layer, including Dichondra repens, Desmodium varians, D. brachypodum, Acaena novaezelandiae,<br />
Geranium solanderi and Plantago debilis. In addition various graminoids, including<br />
Carex inversa and Cyperus gracilis, and ferns, including Cheilanthes sieberi and C. distans, may<br />
also be common. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
include Trifolium repens (White Clover, 33%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 63%), Sonchus<br />
oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 29%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear,<br />
63%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 46%), Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 38%),<br />
Medicago lupulina (Black Medic, 33%) and Petrorhagia nanteuilii (50%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on ranges of the Upper Hunter and<br />
foothills of the Liverpool Range at mid elevations on lower slopes and mainly on basalts<br />
and cherts.<br />
MU 156 — Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey Box grassy woodland<br />
Woodlands with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus crebra and E. moluccana, and<br />
an open mid storey typically including Brachychiton populneus. The understorey generally<br />
consists of an open shrub layer commonly including Notelaea microcarpa, Eremophila debilis,<br />
Cassinia quinquefaria and Maireana microphylla. The ground layer is typically grassy with the<br />
common grass species including Aristida ramosa, Cymbopogon refractus, Chloris ventricosa,
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Microlaena stipoides, Austrostipa verticillata, Sporobolus creber, Eragrostis leptostachya and<br />
Bothriochloa decipiens. Various forbs are also commonly present, including Desmodium<br />
varians, Glycine tabacina, Dichondra repens, Calotis lappulacea, Brunoniella australis and<br />
Einadia nutans, as well as the ground ferns Cheilanthes sieberi and C. distans. Numerous<br />
naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community including<br />
Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 36%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 43%), Sida<br />
rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 30%), Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues, 36%), Senecio<br />
madagascariensis (Fireweed, 74%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 30%), Opuntia<br />
stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 74%), Paronychia brasiliana (Chilean Whitlow<br />
Wort, 30%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 36%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in the Upper and Central Hunter Valley on<br />
a range of substrates.<br />
MU 157 — Bull Oak grassy woodland in the Hunter Valley<br />
Woodlands characterised by an overstorey almost exclusively dominated by Allocasuarina<br />
leuhmannii, although Eucalyptus crebra and occasionally E. moluccana may be present in the<br />
overstorey. Few smaller shrubs are present and the understorey is predominately grassy<br />
with a diverse range of grasses commonly occurring, including Cymbopogon refractus,<br />
Eragrostis brownii, Bothriochloa decipiens, Panicum effusum, Aristida ramosa, A. vagans<br />
and Eragrostis leptostachya. The ground layer may also commonly include graminoids,<br />
particularly Fimbristylis dichotoma, and a range of forbs, including Chrysocephalum apiculatum,<br />
and the ground fern Cheilanthes sieberi. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of<br />
sites in this community were Opuntia aurantiaca (Tiger Pear, 44%), Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s<br />
Lucerne, 33%) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 78%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area in the Central Hunter Valley at lower<br />
elevations on a range of substrates.<br />
MU 158 — Yellow Box / Rough-barked Apple grassy woodland<br />
Open forests to woodlands characterised by a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus melliodora<br />
and Angophora floribunda, and often including E. blakelyi. Shrubs are only sparsely present<br />
and the understorey is characteristically grassy and often dominated by Aristida ramosa,<br />
with a number of other grasses less commonly present, including Chloris truncata,<br />
Austrostipa verticillata and A. scabra. A range of forbs are also common in the ground layer,<br />
including Dichondra repens (which may be very abundant at some sites), Calotis lappulacea,<br />
Ajuga australis, Urtica incisa and Einadia nutans. Naturalised species commonly recorded<br />
at sites in this community include Medicago minima (Woolly Burr Medic, 60%), Silybum<br />
marianum (Variegated Thistle, 40%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 40%), Marrubium vulgare<br />
(Horehound, 60%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 60%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the lower slopes of the Liverpool Range<br />
and in the Upper Hunter Valley and Merriwa plateau, mainly on riparian sites on basalts<br />
and clays. MU 158 is of particular regional conservation significance as it relates to the<br />
Endangered Ecological Community ‘White Box Yellow Box Blakely’s Red Gum Woodland’<br />
(DECC 2009).<br />
118
MU 159 — White Box grassy woodland<br />
119<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Open woodlands to woodlands characterised by an open canopy dominated by Eucalyptus<br />
albens, with E. moluccana occurring occasionally. A shrub layer is rarely present although<br />
a number of low shrubs are commonly present, including Sclerolaena muricata and Sida<br />
trichopoda. The ground layer is characteristically grassy and dominated by species including<br />
Cynodon dactylon, Bothriochloa macra, Elymus scaber and Austrostipa bigeniculata. Scattered or<br />
localised forbs are also commonly present in the ground layer, including Oxalis perennans,<br />
Boerhavia dominii, Chamaesyce drummondii, Hibiscus trionum and Einadia nutans. A number of<br />
naturalised species were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community, including<br />
Medicago minima (Woolly Burr Medic, 50%), Polygonum aviculare (Wireweed, 33%), Salvia<br />
verbenaca (Wild Sage, 42%), Silybum marianum (Variegated Thistle, 67%), Medicago laciniata<br />
(Cut-leaved Medic, 42%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 33%), Tribulus terrestris<br />
(Catshead, 33%), Medicago orbicularis (Button Medic, 58%) and Medicago polymorpha (Burr<br />
Medic, 33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on basalt on the Merriwa plateau and lower<br />
slopes of the Liverpool Range. MU 159 is of particular regional conservation significance<br />
as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘White Box Yellow Box Blakely’s<br />
Red Gum Woodland’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 160 — Yellow Box grassy woodland<br />
Woodlands with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus melliodora, often in association with<br />
Angophora floribunda. A sparse mid storey of Brachychiton populneus is often also present.<br />
A sparse shrub layer may also be present, often only as scattered shrubs, and commonly<br />
includes Solanum cinereum, Pimelea curviflora, S. nigrum, Atriplex semibaccata, Acacia decora<br />
and Eremophila debilis. The ground layer is typically dominated by grasses, with common<br />
species including Austrostipa scabra, Bothriochloa decipiens, A. verticillata, A. aristiglumis,<br />
Chloris ventricosa, Austrodanthonia racemosa and Panicum effusum. A diverse range of forbs<br />
is typically also present in the ground layer, including Einadia trigonos, Sida corrugata,<br />
Calotis lappulacea, Boerhavia dominii, Oxalis perennans, Vittadinia cervicularis and Brunoniella<br />
australis. The ground ferns Cheilanthes sieberi and C. distans, and graminoids such as<br />
Carex inversa may also be included in the ground layer. Numerous naturalised species,<br />
mostly herbaceous, were recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community, including<br />
Medicago minima (Woolly Burr Medic, 100%), Lolium rigidum (Wimmera Ryegrass, 70%),<br />
Salvia verbenaca (Wild Sage, 90%), Avena fatua (Wild Oats, 60%), Trifolium repens (White<br />
Clover, 40%), Silybum marianum (Variegated Thistle, 40%), Rapistrum rugosum (Turnip<br />
Weed, 70%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 60%), Malva parviflora (Small-flowered Mallow,<br />
30%), Chondrilla juncea (Skeleton Weed, 60%), Carthamus lanatus (Saffron Thistle, 90%),<br />
Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot Amaranth, 50%), Bromus catharticus (Praire Grass, 50%),<br />
Echium plantagineum (Patterson’s Curse, 30%), Centaurea melitensis (Maltese Cockspur, 70%),<br />
Sisymbrium irio (London Rocket, 80%), Arenaria leptoclados (Lesser Thyme-leaved Sandwort,<br />
50%), Sisymbrium orientale (Indian Hedge Mustard, 30%), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound,<br />
60%), Trifolium campestre (Hop Clover, 50%), Trifolium arvense (Haresfoot Clover, 40%),<br />
Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane, 70%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 50%), Opuntia<br />
stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 70%), Erodium cicutarium (Common Crowfoot,<br />
30%), Trifolium glomeratum (Clustered Clover, 60%), Tribulus terrestris (Catshead, 70%),<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 40%), Medicago orbicularis (Button Medic, 70%), Hirschfeldia
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
incana (Buchan Weed, 100%), Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 40%), Xanthium<br />
spinosum (Bathurst Burr, 40%), Lepidium africanum (80%) and Petrorhagia nanteuilii (90%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on lower slopes and river flats on the<br />
Merriwa plateau on basalts. MU 160 is of particular regional conservation significance as<br />
it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘White Box Yellow Box Blakely’s Red<br />
Gum Woodland’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 161 — Blakely’s Red Gum / Rough-barked Apple shrubby woodland<br />
Open forests to woodlands with a canopy dominated by Eucalyptus blakelyi, often in<br />
association with Angophora floribunda and commonly including E. crebra. A shrubby<br />
understorey is typically present and often strongly dominated by Melaleuca thymifolia, with<br />
other common shrubs including M. decora, Acacia falcata, Exocarpos strictus and Daviesia<br />
ulicifolia. The ground layer is mostly grassy and commonly includes Entolasia stricta,<br />
Microlaena stipoides, Echinopogon ovatus and Aristida vagans. Various forbs are also commonly<br />
present including Hydrocotyle peduncularis, Pratia purpurascens and Centella asiatica, along<br />
with the fern Cheilanthes sieberi. The only naturalised species recorded in this community<br />
at more than 25% of sites was Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 50%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on ranges of the Central and Upper Hunter<br />
Valley, mainly on sandstones.<br />
4.3.5.5 GRaSSLaNDS<br />
MU 162 — Kangaroo Grass / Westringia fruticosa grassland on coastal headlands<br />
Grasslands characterised by Themeda australis, with the other main grass species being<br />
Imperata cylindrica. Emergent shrubs, in particular, Westringia fruticosa and Banksia integrifolia,<br />
are typically also present. Various graminoids are also common, including Ficinia nodosa and<br />
Lomandra longifolia, as well as various forbs such as Dichondra repens and Oxalis perennans.<br />
Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community include Hypochaeris<br />
radicata (Catsear, 38%) and Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 63%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to coastal headlands and rocky offshore<br />
islands, mainly on sandstones. MU 162 is of particular regional conservation significance<br />
as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Themeda Grassland on seacliffs<br />
and coastal headlands in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner<br />
bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 163 — Plains Grass grassland<br />
Grasslands characterised by Austrostipa aristiglumis, which is typically strongly<br />
dominant. Other common grass species include Panicum queenslandicum, Chloris truncata,<br />
Austrodanthonia bipartita and Digitaria coenicola. The ground layer commonly includes a<br />
range of forbs, such as Tribulus micrococcus, Rumex brownii, Portulaca oleracea, Boerhavia<br />
dominii, Oxalis perennans and Einadia polygonoides. Eucalyptus melliodora is often sparsely<br />
present as an emergent tree. A large number of naturalised species, mostly herbaceous, were<br />
recorded in more than 25% of sites in this community including Medicago minima (Woolly<br />
Burr Medic, 100%), Polygonum arenastrum (Wireweed, 83%), Lolium rigidum (Wimmera<br />
Ryegrass, 50%), Salvia verbenaca (Wild Sage, 67%), Avena fatua (Wild Oats, 50%), Silybum<br />
120
121<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
marianum (Variegated Thistle, 100%), Urochloa panicoides (Urochloa Grass, 67%), Rapistrum<br />
rugosum (Turnip Weed, 67%), Trifolium subterraneum (Subterranean Clover, 50%), Malva<br />
parviflora (Small-flowered Mallow, 50%), Chondrilla juncea (Skeleton Weed, 83%), Capsella<br />
bursa-pastoris (Shepherd’s Purse, 33%), Carthamus lanatus (Saffron Thistle, 67%), Amaranthus<br />
retroflexus (Redroot Amaranth, 50%), Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Prickly Sowthistle,<br />
50%), Lactuca serriola (Prickly Lettuce, 33%), Bromus catharticus (Praire Grass, 33%), Phalaris<br />
aquatica (Phalaris, 50%), Echium plantagineum (Patterson’s Curse, 50%), Phalaris paradoxa<br />
(Paradoxa Grass, 33%), Cucumis myriocarpus subsp. leptodermis (Paddy Melon, 33%), Salvia<br />
reflexa (Mintweed, 83%), Medicago sativa (Lucerne, 67%), Alternanthera pungens (Khaki<br />
Weed, 33%), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound, 50%), Datura ferox (Fierce Thornapple, 50%),<br />
Medicago laciniata (Cut-leaved Medic, 33%), Trifolium glomeratum (Clustered Clover, 83%),<br />
Medicago orbicularis (Button Medic, 33%), Hirschfeldia incana (Buchan Weed, 33%), Xanthium<br />
spinosum (Bathurst Burr, 83%), Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard Grass, 33%), Hordeum<br />
leporinum (Barley Grass, 67%), Bromus alopecuros (33%), Convolvulus arvensis (50%), Lepidium<br />
africanum (50%) and Petrorhagia nanteuilii (33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to the flatter areas of the Merriwa<br />
plateau, on basalts.<br />
4.3.5.6 HeaTHLaNDS aND SHRUBLaNDS<br />
MU 164 — Heath-leaved Banksia / Coral Fern wet heath on sandstone of the lower Central Coast<br />
Heathlands characterised by Banksia ericifolia, often in association with Hakea teretifolia<br />
and Callistemon citrinus. Other common shrub species include Acacia oxycedrus, Acrotriche<br />
divaricata, Sprengelia incarnata, Hakea sericea, Aotus ericoides and Banksia robur, along with the<br />
climber Parsonsia straminea. The understorey is typically wet and strongly dominated by<br />
Gleichenia dicarpa. Various graminoids are also characteristic, in particular, Gahnia sieberiana,<br />
and also Schoenus brevifolius and Empodisma minus. Occasional grasses, such as Imperata<br />
cylindrica, may also be present. Naturalised species commonly recorded from sites in this<br />
community include Pinus radiata (Radiata Pine, 33%) and Ageratina adenophora (Crofton<br />
Weed, 33%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on sandstone<br />
plateaux of the Central Coast hinterland.<br />
MU 165 — Dwarf Casuarina / Melaleuca nodosa coastal heath<br />
Heathlands dominated by Melaleuca nodosa, often in association with Allocasuarina distyla.<br />
A diverse range of shrubs is often present and commonly includes Mirbelia rubiifolia, Epacris<br />
pulchella, Hakea dactyloides, Banksia spinulosa, Callistemon linearis, B. oblongifolia, Leucopogon<br />
microphyllus, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Lambertia formosa, Hakea bakeriana, Pultenaea<br />
paleacea and Isopogon anemonifolius. The ground layer is typically dominated by graminoids<br />
including Ptilothrix deusta, Lomandra obliqua, Patersonia glabrata, P. sericea and Lepidosperma<br />
laterale, and grasses, including Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta and Anisopogon avenaceus.<br />
Common forbs include Gonocarpus teucrioides, and ferns include Lindsaea linearis. No<br />
naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on coastal sand dunes of the Central<br />
Coast.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 166 — Melaleuca nodosa / Fern-leaved Banksia headland heath of the Central Coast<br />
Heathlands characterised by Melaleuca nodosa and Banksia oblongifolia, with other common<br />
shrubs including Allocasuarina distyla, Lambertia formosa, Hakea dactyloides, Pultenaea villosa,<br />
Epacris microphylla, Acacia myrtifolia, Dodonaea triquetra, Grevillea sericea and Lasiopetalum<br />
ferrugineum. The ground layer is characteristically dominated by Themeda australis with<br />
graminoids, including Ptilothrix deusta, Lomandra obliqua and Patersonia glabrate, also<br />
common. Forbs are less common or abundant with the main species being Gonocarpus<br />
teucrioides. The only naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
is Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 38%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal headlands of the Central Coast on<br />
sandstones and conglomerates.<br />
MU 167 — Dwarf Casuarina / Wallum Banksia coastal heath of coastal headlands of Central Coast<br />
Heathlands dominated by Allocasuarina distyla and Banksia aemula, with other common<br />
shrub species including Eriostemon australasius, Woollsia pungens, Isopogon anemonifolius,<br />
Pimelea linifolia, Acacia suaveolens, Dampiera purpurea, Bossiaea ensata, B. scolopendria,<br />
Ricinocarpos pinifolius and Banksia oblongifolia. The ground layer is characteristically<br />
dominated by graminoid species, including Cyathochaeta diandra, Lomandra longifolia, L.<br />
glauca, Hypolaena fastigiata and Patersonia sericea. Forbs, such as Actinotus helianthi and<br />
Gonocarpus teucrioides, are also commonly present and the main grass species is Entolasia<br />
stricta. The only naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
is Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 38%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on coastal headlands of the Central Coast,<br />
mainly on sandstones. MU 167 may have particular regional conservation significance due<br />
to the recorded presence of the rare shrub Rulingia hermanniifolia, which is not recorded in<br />
this study outside this community.<br />
MU 168 — Wallum Banksia / Monotoca scoparia heath on coastal sands<br />
Heathlands strongly dominated by Banksia aemula, often in association with Monotoca<br />
scoparia. A diverse range of other shrub species is also typically present including Melaleuca<br />
nodosa, Leptospermum trinervium, L. semibaccatum, L. polygalifolium, Brachyloma daphnoides,<br />
Phyllota phylicoides, Boronia pinnata, Ricinocarpos pinifolius, Pimelea linifolia, Isopogon<br />
anemonifolius and Leucopogon virgatus. The ground layer is characteristically dominated by<br />
graminoids, with common species including Hypolaena fastigiata, Coleocarya gracilis, Caustis<br />
recurvata, Lomandra glauca and Schoenus ericetorum. Scattered forbs such as Gonocarpus<br />
teucrioides and Actinotus helianthi may also be present in the understorey. No naturalised<br />
species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on coastal dunes and sand barriers of the<br />
Lower North Coast and Central Coast. MU 168 may have particular regional conservation<br />
significance due to the recorded presence of the vulnerable shrub Allocasuarina simulans,<br />
which is not recorded in this study in any other community.<br />
MU 169 — Fern-leaf Banksia / Melaleuca nodosa / Leptocarpus tenax wallum heath<br />
Heathlands characteristically dominated by Banksia oblongifolia and Melaleuca nodosa. Other<br />
common shrub species include Persoonia lanceolata, Hibbertia fasciculata, Banksia aemula,<br />
122
123<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
Melaleuca sieberi, M. thymifolia, Petrophile pulchella, Leptospermum juniperinum, Leucopogon<br />
ericoides, Callistemon pachyphyllus, Aotus ericoides and Isopogon anemonifolius. The parasitic<br />
climber Cassytha glabella is also commonly present in the overstorey. The ground layer<br />
is typically wet and dominated by graminoid species, including Leptocarpus tenax and<br />
Schoenus brevifolius. The fern-ally Selaginella uliginosa is also characteristic of the ground<br />
layer, as is the forb Trachymene incisa. No naturalised species were recorded at more than<br />
25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on coastal dunes and sand barriers of<br />
the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on Quaternary sands and mud.<br />
MU 170 — Heath-leaved Banksia / Fern-leaved Banksia / Wallum Boronia wet heath on coastal<br />
sands of Lower North Coast<br />
Heathlands dominated by Xanthorrhoea fulva, Leptospermum liversidgei and Banksia ericifolia,<br />
often in association with Banksia oblongifolia and Boronia falcifolia. Other common shrub<br />
species include Epacris obtusifolia, Dillwynia floribunda, Darwinia leptantha, Pimelea linifolia,<br />
Sprengelia sprengelioides, Baeckea imbricata, Persoonia lanceolata and Bauera capitata. The<br />
parasitic climber Cassytha glabella is also commonly present. The ground layer is typically<br />
wet and dominated by graminoids, including Sporadanthus interruptus, Leptocarpus tenax,<br />
Schoenus brevifolius, Selaginella uliginosa, Blandfordia grandiflora and Sowerbaea juncea.<br />
Common grass species include Panicum simile and Entolasia stricta, and common grasses<br />
include Mitrasacme polymorpha and Gonocarpus micranthus. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on coastal dunes and sand barriers of the<br />
Lower North Coast.<br />
MU 171 — Leptospermum liversidgei / Crimson Bottlebrush wallum wet heath of<br />
Lower North Coast<br />
Heathlands characterised by Leptospermum liversidgei, which is strongly dominant and often<br />
associated with Callistemon citrinus and Xanthorrhoea fulva. Other common shrub species<br />
include Sprengelia sprengelioides, Callistemon pachyphyllus, Epacris microphylla, E. obtusifolia,<br />
Banksia robur and Adrastaea salicifolia. The understorey is characteristically wet and<br />
dominated by sedges and other graminoids, including Sporadanthus interruptus, Empodisma<br />
minus, Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus, Chorizandra sphaerocephala, Xyris operculata and<br />
Leptocarpus tenax. The clubmoss Lycopodiella lateralis is also common in the ground layer.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on coastal dunes and sand barriers of<br />
the Lower North Coast.<br />
MU 172 — Fern-leaf Banksia / Needlebush / Leptocarpus tenax / Lepyrodia scariosa wet<br />
heath on sandstone<br />
Heathlands characteristically dominated by Banksia oblongifolia and Hakea teretifolia, with<br />
other common shrubs including Epacris obtusifolia, Leptospermum juniperinum, Sprengelia<br />
incarnata, Dampiera stricta, Platysace linearifolia, Boronia parviflora and Acacia suaveolens. The<br />
grass-tree Xanthorrhoea resinosa is also common and often abundant. The ground layer is<br />
typically wet and dominated by sedges and other graminoids, with Lepyrodia scariosa and
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Leptocarpus tenax often strongly dominant. Other common graminoids include Empodisma<br />
minus, Schoenus brevifolius, Xyris gracilis and Burchardia umbellata. The main grass species<br />
is Entolasia stricta, and common forbs include Actinotus minor. The ground fern Gleichenia<br />
dicarpa may also be abundant at some sites. No naturalised species were recorded in this<br />
community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained sites, mainly on sandstone<br />
ranges and plateaux of the Central Coast.<br />
MU 173 — Rock outcrops shrublands complex of the Lower North Coast<br />
A complex of shrublands dominated by a range of different shrub species, often including<br />
Allocasuarina rigida (commonly dominant and not recorded in this study from outside this<br />
community), Acacia obtusifolia, Leptospermum variabile, Zieria cytisoides, Persoonia linearis<br />
and Callistemon comboynensis. Other common, though less abundant, shrubs include<br />
Allocasuarina littoralis, Jacksonia scoparia and Leucopogon juniperinus. The ground layer<br />
includes various grasses such as Entolasia stricta, Microlaena stipoides and Poa sieberiana, with<br />
common graminoids including Lepidosperma laterale, Dianella caerulea, Lomandra glauca, L.<br />
longifolia and Patersonia glabrata. Commonly recorded forbs include Gonocarpus humilis and<br />
Xanthosia pilosa. No naturalised species were recorded in this community at more than 25%<br />
of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on various substrates on rocky outcrops of<br />
the hinterland of the Lower North Coast. For mapping purposes MU 175 (see below) could<br />
also possibly be included with this complex.<br />
MU 174 — Broom Bush / Allocasuarina gymnanthera heath woodland<br />
Woodlands to heathlands characterised by Melaleuca uncinata and Allocasuarina<br />
gymnanthera, with other common shrubs including Leucopogon muticus, Harmogia densifolia,<br />
Dodonaea triangularis, Grevillea sericea, Melaleuca diosmatifolia, Acacia brownii, Persoonia<br />
linearis, Brachyloma daphnoides, Styphelia triflora and Calytrix tetragona. Eucalyptus fibrosa is<br />
also commonly present as an emergent tree. A mixed ground layer commonly consists<br />
of graminoids such as Dianella revoluta, Lomandra filiformis, L. multiflora and Lepidosperma<br />
laterale, grasses, predominately Entolasia stricta, forbs and ferns. The main ground fern<br />
is typically Cheilanthes sieberi, with common forbs including Drosera peltata and Goodenia<br />
rotundifolia. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on exposed, sandstone sites in the northern<br />
Wollemi National Park, Goulburn River and Manobalai area at mid elevations.<br />
MU 175 — Shrublands of rocky areas in Barrington Tops area<br />
Shrublands characteristically strongly dominated by Leptospermum variabile, in association<br />
with Banksia integrifolia and occasionally with Micrantheum hexandrum (unique to this group<br />
within this study) as a co-dominant. Other common shrub species include Pomaderris<br />
argyrophylla, Hakea salicifolia, Hovea longifolia, Leucopogon lanceolatus and Monotoca scoparia.<br />
Various eucalypt species may be present at some sites as emergent trees, including Eucalyptus<br />
dalrympleana and E. pauciflora. The ground layer consists of a mix of grasses, graminoids,<br />
ferns and forbs, with common grasses including Entolasia stricta and Imperata cylindrica,<br />
124
125<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
and common graminoids including Juncus alexandri, Bulbine bulbosa, Carex breviculmis, C.<br />
appressa, Cyperus sphaeroideus and Lepidosperma tortuosum. A diverse range of forbs is often<br />
present, including Epilobium gunnianum, Hydrocotyle peduncularis, Plectranthus graveolens,<br />
Acaena novae-zelandiae, Asperula scoparia, Geranium potentilloides and Wahlenbergia stricta.<br />
Common ground ferns include Cheilanthes sieberi, Blechnum minus, B. nudum and Pteridium<br />
esculentum. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
include Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog, 33%), Trifolium repens (White Clover, 33%), Prunella<br />
vulgaris (Self-heal, 33%), Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Prickly Sowthistle, 33%) and<br />
Juncus articulatus (33%).<br />
Within the study area, this community is restricted to rocky outcrops in the Barrington<br />
Tops area of the Lower North Coast, at mid to high elevations.<br />
MU 176 — Tantoon / Lepyrodia leptocaulis drainage line shrubland of the western Blue Mountains<br />
Shrublands characterised by a shrub layer dominated by Leptospermum polygalifolium, often<br />
in association with Allocasuarina diminuta and Kunzea parvifolia. Other common shrubs<br />
include Melaleuca thymifolia, Grevillea sericea, Calytrix tetragona, Hibbertia riparia and Sannantha<br />
cunninghamii. Various trees may be present as emergents, including Eucalyptus punctata, E.<br />
blakelyi and Callitris endlicheri. The parasitic climbers Cassytha pubescens and C. glabella are<br />
also common in the shrub layer. The ground layer is characterised by Lepyrodia leptocaulis,<br />
with other common graminoids, including Schoenus apogon, Lomandra longifolia and Dianella<br />
longifolia. The main grass species include Arundinella nepalensis, Microlaena stipoides and<br />
Aristida jerichoensis, and the forbs include Goodenia paniculata which is commonly present.<br />
No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, MU 176 occurs on drainage lines on sandstone ranges of the western<br />
Blue Mountains at mid elevations.<br />
MU 177 — Melaleuca decora shrubland<br />
Shrublands characterised by Melaleuca decora, typically with Eucalyptus crebra as an<br />
emergent tree. Other commonly recorded shrubs include Notelaea microcarpa, Leptospermum<br />
parvifolium, Styphelia triflora, Spartothamnella juncea, Phyllanthus hirtellus, Leucopogon muticus<br />
and Acacia parvipinnula. The ground layer is typically dominated by graminoids, including<br />
Carex inversa, Schoenus apogon, Juncus homalocaulis and Gahnia aspera. A variety of forbs<br />
is also commonly present in the ground layer, including Veronica plebeia, Oxalis exilis,<br />
Hypericum gramineum and Glossogyne tannensis. Commonly recorded naturalised species<br />
include Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 100%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common<br />
Prickly Pear, 100%) and Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 100%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on sandstone ranges of the Upper Hunter<br />
Valley.<br />
4.3.5.7 FOReSTeD WeTLaNDS<br />
MU 178 — River Oak / Sandpaper Fig riparian forest of the Upper Hunter<br />
Open riparian forests characterised by Casuarina cunninghamiana and Ficus coronata, and<br />
commonly also including F. rubiginosa and Daphnandra species A. The shrubby understorey<br />
typically includes Melicytus dentatus, Clerodendrum tomentosum, Pittosporum undulatum and
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Hymenosporum flavum, along with a range of climbers including Pandorea pandorana, Cissus<br />
antarctica, Clematis glycinoides, Stephania japonica, Cayratia clematidea, Tylophora barbata and<br />
Eustrephus latifolius. The ground layer is typically ferny, with common ferns including<br />
Adiantum aethiopicum, A. formosum, Pteris tremula, Doodia aspera and Asplenium flabellifolium.<br />
Various forbs are also commonly present in the ground layer including Nyssanthes diffusa,<br />
Urtica incisa, Dichondra repens and Geranium solanderi. Commonly recorded naturalised<br />
species in this community include Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis (Wall Fumitory, 40%),<br />
Phytolacca octandra (Inkweed, 27%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 33%), Sonchus oleraceus<br />
(Common Sowthistle, 27%), Opuntia stricta var. stricta (Common Prickly Pear, 33%), Stellaria<br />
media (Common Chickweed, 27%), Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 33%) and Hypochaeris<br />
radicata (Catsear, 27%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs in sheltered riparian sites on sandstone<br />
ranges of the Upper Hunter Valley and Liverpool Range, at mid elevations.<br />
MU 179 — Melaleuca nodosa paperbark swamp forest on poorly drained soils of the Central<br />
Coast<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey dominated by Melaleuca nodosa. Other common<br />
shrub species include M. linariifolia, Glochidion ferdinandi and Acacia longifolia. Eucalyptus<br />
resinifera is commonly present as an emergent tree. Climbers, such as Parsonsia straminea,<br />
are also commonly present in the overstorey. The understorey is dominated by sedges<br />
and other graminoids, including Gahnia clarkei, Juncus usitatus, Hypolepis muelleri, Dianella<br />
caerulea and Lomandra longifolia. Grasses, including Imperata cylindrica and Entolasia<br />
stricta, are also common in the ground layer. Commonly recorded naturalised species<br />
included Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet, 31%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 62%),<br />
Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle, 31%), Ageratina adenophora (Crofton Weed, 31%),<br />
Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 31%), Rubus ulmifolius (Blackberry, 31%) and Hydrocotyle<br />
bonariensis (31%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained lowlands and coastal<br />
floodplains of the Central Coast, on sands and sandstones.<br />
MU 180 — Melaleuca nodosa paperbark woodland / shrubland on undulating areas of coastal<br />
lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests strongly dominated by Melaleuca nodosa, with other common<br />
overstorey shrubs including M. sieberi, M. linariifolia, Glochidion ferdinandi, Acacia longifolia<br />
and Dodonaea triquetra. The main climber in the overstorey is Parsonsia straminea. The<br />
ground storey is predominately grassy, with common grass species including Entolasia<br />
stricta, E. marginata, Microlaena stipoides and Imperata cylindrica. The main sedge species<br />
is Gahnia clarkei with Lomandra longifolia and Gonocarpus tetragynus also common in the<br />
ground layer. Commonly recorded naturalised species include Lantana camara (Lantana,<br />
35%) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 33%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites in undulating<br />
areas of the coastal lowlands on the Lower North Coast and Central Coast.<br />
126
127<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
MU 181 — Broad-leaved Paperbark / Swamp Mahogany / Swamp Oak / Saw Sedge swamp forest<br />
Open swamp forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Melaleuca quinquenervia,<br />
often in association with Eucalyptus robusta and Livistona australis. The understorey is<br />
typically shrubby and includes M. linariifolia and Glochidion ferdinandi, along with climbers<br />
such as Parsonsia straminea. The understorey is dominated by sedges and other graminoids,<br />
including Gahnia clarkei, Ischaemum australe, Hypolepis muelleri, Baumea rubiginosa, B. juncea<br />
and Lomandra longifolia. Common grass species include Hemarthria uncinata, Imperata<br />
cylindrica and Entolasia marginata. Commonly recorded naturalised species included<br />
Lantana camara (Lantana, 36%) and Ageratina adenophora (Crofton Weed, 28%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on coastal floodplains and poorly drained<br />
lowlands of the Central Coast, mainly on muds and sands. This community is of particular<br />
regional conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community<br />
‘Swamp sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin<br />
and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 182 — Swamp Mahogany / Melaleuca linariifolia swamp forest of coastal lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus robusta and commonly<br />
including Melaleuca linariifolia and Callistemon salignus. Common understorey shrubs<br />
include Glochidion ferdinandi, Acacia longifolia and Polyscias sambucifolia, with the climber<br />
Parsonsia straminea also common. The ground layer typically consists of a range of grasses,<br />
including Entolasia marginata, Imperata cylindrica and Oplismenus imbecillis, along with<br />
graminoids, including Gahnia clarkei and Lomandra longifolia. The only naturalised species<br />
recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community was Lantana camara (Lantana, 35%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area in poorly drained sites on coastal<br />
lowlands of the Central Coast and Lower North Coast. MU 182 is of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp<br />
sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South<br />
East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 183 — Paperbarks / Woollybutt swamp forest on the Central Coast<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus longifolia and with a<br />
dense mid storey of tall shrubs dominated by paperbarks, including Melaleuca linariifolia,<br />
M. sieberi, M. ericifolia and M. nodosa. A range of smaller shrubs is also common in the<br />
understorey, including Pultenaea villosa, Leptospermum juniperinum, Acacia longifolia,<br />
Melaleuca thymifolia and the grass-tree Xanthorrhoea fulva. The climber Parsonsia straminea<br />
is also common. The ground layer is typically dominated by sedges and other graminoids<br />
and grasses, commonly including Schoenus brevifolius, Chorizandra cymbaria, Gahnia<br />
clarkei, Lomandra longifolia, Entolasia stricta, Hemarthria uncinata and Pseudoraphis paradoxa.<br />
Common forbs include Gonocarpus tetragynus and Centella asiatica. No naturalised species<br />
were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on sands and sandstones on poorly drained<br />
sites on coastal lowlands of the Central Coast. MU 183 is of particular regional conservation<br />
significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp sclerophyll<br />
forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner<br />
bioregions’ (DECC 2009).
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
MU 184 — Swamp Mahogany / Broad-leaved Paperbark / Villarsia exaltata swamp forest of<br />
coastal lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey dominated by Melaleuca quinquenervia and<br />
Eucalyptus robusta and a mid storey of tall shrubs including M. linariifolia, M. sieberi,<br />
Glochidion ferdinandi and Acacia longifolia. Smaller shrubs also common in the understorey<br />
include Pultenaea retusa and P. villosa. The ground layer is wet and includes areas of open<br />
water and is typically dominated by sedges and other graminoids, including Gahnia<br />
clarkei and Chorizandra sphaerocephala. Forbs, including aquatic or semi-aquatic forbs such<br />
as Villarsia exaltata, may be common, with other forbs including Goodenia paniculata, G.<br />
heterophylla and Gonocarpus micranthus. Various grasses may also be common, including<br />
Entolasia marginata, Hemarthria uncinata and Isachne globosa. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded in this community at more than 25% of sites.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on margins of open water bodies on lowlands<br />
of the Central Coast, mainly on sands and sandstones. MU 184 is of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp<br />
sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South<br />
East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 185 — Swamp Mahogany / Paperbarks / Hypolepis muelleri swamp forest of the Central Coast<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus robusta, and often<br />
including Livistona australis, Acmena smithii and Casuarina glauca. An open shrub layer may be<br />
present and commonly includes Pittosporum undulatum, Glochidion ferdinandi and Dodonaea<br />
triquetra. Climbers, including Eustrephus latifolius and Geitonoplesium cymosum, may also be<br />
present in the understorey. The ground layer is typically wet and dominated by the ground<br />
fern Hypolepis muelleri, and commonly also includes the sedge Gahnia clarkei and forbs such as<br />
Commelina cyanea. Naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community<br />
include Lantana camara (Lantana, 60%), Erechtites valerianifolia (Brazilian Fireweed, 30%),<br />
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (Boneseed, 40%), Solanum nigrum (Black-berry<br />
Nightshade, 30%) and Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (Bitou Bush, 40%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on barrier<br />
sands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast. MU 185 is of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp<br />
sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South<br />
East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 186 — Melaleuca biconvexa / Swamp Mahogany swamp forest of the Central Coast<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey characterised by Eucalyptus robusta and commonly<br />
including Livistona australis and Acmena smithii, and with a tall shrub layer dominated by<br />
Melaleuca biconvexa and commonly including Callistemon salignus, Glochidion ferdinandi, M.<br />
linariifolia and M. styphelioides. Various climbers, including Parsonsia straminea, Morinda<br />
jasminoides and Pandorea pandorana, are also commonly included in the overstorey. The<br />
ground layer is dominated by sedges, including Gahnia clarkei and Carex appressa, with<br />
the fern Hypolepis muelleri and the grass Oplismenus imbecillis also common. Commonly<br />
recorded naturalised species include Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet, 89%), Lantana<br />
camara (Lantana, 53%) and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor Laurel, 58%).<br />
128
129<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained sites on lowlands of<br />
the Central Coast, mainly on sands and sandstones. MU 186 is of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp<br />
sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South<br />
East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 187 — Broad-leaved Paperbark / Saw Sedge swamp forest of coastal lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests characterised by a canopy strongly dominated by Melaleuca<br />
quinquenervia and commonly including Casuarina glauca and Eucalyptus robusta. An open<br />
shrub layer may be present and typically includes Glochidion ferdinandi and Acacia longifolia,<br />
along with the climber Parsonsia straminea. The ground layer is typically wet and dominated<br />
by sedges and other graminoids, including Gahnia clarkei and Baumea juncea. Ground<br />
ferns, in particular Blechnum indicum, are also common in the ground layer. Lantana camara<br />
(Lantana, 33%) was the only commonly recorded naturalised species in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on alluvial sands and muds on floodplains<br />
and barrier sands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast. This community is of<br />
particular regional conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological<br />
Community ‘Swamp sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast;<br />
Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 188 — Swamp Mahogany / Swamp Water Fern / Plume Rush swamp forest<br />
Open swamp forests characterised by Eucalyptus robusta, typically in association with<br />
Melaleuca quinquenervia. The only shrub species commonly recorded in this community is<br />
Leucopogon lanceolatus and the climber Kennedia rubicunda is also common in the understorey.<br />
The ground layer is wet and characterised by the ferns Blechnum indicum and Pteridium<br />
esculentum, however, sedges and other graminoids may often dominate, including Baloskion<br />
tetraphyllum, Gahnia clarkei and Dianella caerulea. Semi-aquatic and aquatic forbs, such as<br />
Villarsia exaltata, may also be common. No naturalised species were recorded at more than<br />
25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on alluvial sands and muds on poorly<br />
drained sites of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast. MU 188 is of particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp<br />
sclerophyll forest on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South<br />
East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 189 — Melaleuca linariifolia / Carex appressa shrubland of the Hunter Valley<br />
Shrublands with an overstorey typically dominated by Melaleuca linariifolia. The understorey<br />
is commonly dominated by graminoids, including Carex appressa and Juncus usitatus. A<br />
range of forbs common to damp sites are also typically present, including Alternanthera<br />
denticulata and Ranunculus plebeius, along with the grass Entolasia marginata. Naturalised<br />
species commonly recorded at sites in this community include Setaria gracilis (Slender<br />
Pigeon Grass, 29%), Paspalum dilatatum (Paspalum, 29%), Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s<br />
Tongues, 29%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 29%), Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered<br />
Dock, 29%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 29%) and Hydrocotyle bonariensis (29%).
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites and waterways<br />
on ranges and coastal lowlands of the Sydney Basin.<br />
MU 190 — Swamp Oak / Juncus kraussii / Baumea juncea swamp forest on coastal lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey characterised by Casuarina glauca, and with the<br />
main understorey shrub being Melaleuca ericifolia. The climber Parsonsia straminea is also<br />
common in the mid and overstorey. The ground layer is wet and dominated by sedges and<br />
rushes, including Juncus kraussii, Baumea juncea and Phragmites australis. Other common<br />
ground layer species include the grass Sporobolus virginicus and the herb Samolus repens.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on margins of brackish water bodies and<br />
watercourses on floodplains of the Lower North coast and Central Coast. This community<br />
may have particular regional conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered<br />
Ecological Community ‘Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast; Sydney<br />
Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009). In addition, the rare shrub species<br />
Wilsonia backhousei is only recorded in this community in this study.<br />
MU 191 — Swamp Oak / Melaleuca styphelioides / Carex appressa swamp forest<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey characterised by Casuarina glauca, often in<br />
association with Melaleuca styphelioides and the climber Parsonsia straminea. The ground layer<br />
is commonly dominated by the ground fern Hypolepis muelleri, along with various sedges<br />
and rushes, including Carex appressa and Juncus usitatus. The herbs Commelina cyanea and<br />
Viola banksii and the grass Entolasia marginata are also common, though less abundant, in the<br />
ground layer. Commonly recorded naturalised species include Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella<br />
Sedge, 36%), Ligustrum sinense (Small-leaved Privet, 27%), Ehrharta erecta (Panic Veldtgrass,<br />
36%), Lantana camara (Lantana, 45%) and Plantago lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues, 27%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on coastal<br />
floodplains of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on alluvial muds and<br />
sands. MU 191 may have particular regional conservation significance as it relates to the<br />
Endangered Ecological Community ‘Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast;<br />
Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 192 — Swamp Oak swamp forest of coastal lowlands<br />
Open swamp forests characterised by an overstorey almost exclusively dominated by<br />
Casuarina glauca. The understorey is typically grassy and dominated by Paspalum vaginatum.<br />
Few other species occurring in this community are diagnostic. No naturalised species were<br />
recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
This community occurs within the study area on margins of brackish water bodies and very<br />
wet sites on the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on alluvial sands. MU 192<br />
may have particular regional conservation significance as it relates to the Endangered<br />
Ecological Community ‘Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast; Sydney<br />
Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 193 — Melaleuca ericifolia / Baumea juncea swamp shrubland<br />
Open swamp forests with an open canopy characterised by Casuarina glauca and with a tall<br />
shrub layer dominated by Melaleuca ericifolia, and commonly also including M. linariifolia<br />
130
131<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
and Acacia longifolia. The ground layer is typically dominated by sedges, including Baumea<br />
juncea and Gahnia clarkei. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites<br />
in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community is distributed on coastal floodplains of the Lower<br />
North Coast and Central Coast on alluvial muds and sands.<br />
MU 194 — Swamp Oak grassy riparian forest of the Central Hunter<br />
Open swamp forests with an overstorey dominated by almost exclusively Casuarina glauca.<br />
Shrubs are uncommon, with the only diagnostic shrub species being Solanum prinophyllum.<br />
The ground layer is typically grassy and includes Microlaena stipoides, Austrostipa<br />
verticillata, Cynodon dactylon (possibly naturalised (pers. comm. Surrey Jacobs, 4 April<br />
2008)), Oplismenus aemulus and Entolasia marginata. Various forbs may also be commonly<br />
present, including Dichondra repens, Brunoniella australis, Centella asiatica, Commelina cyanea<br />
and Pratia purpurascens, as well as the ground ferns Cheilanthes sieberi and C. distans.<br />
Numerous naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community,<br />
including Aster subulatus (Wild Aster, 43%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 43%), Setaria<br />
gracilis (Slender Pigeon Grass, 29%), Anagallis arvensis (Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel, 36%),<br />
Paspalum dilatatum (Paspalum, 36%), Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 64%), Plantago<br />
lanceolata (Lamb’s Tongues, 43%), Bidens subalternans (Greater Beggar’s Ticks, 43%), Senecio<br />
madagascariensis (Fireweed, 86%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 43%), Bidens<br />
pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 29%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 57%), Heliotropium amplexicaule<br />
(Blue Heliotrope, 29%), Solanum nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 64%) and Facelis retusa<br />
(29%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on riparian and floodplain sites, often along<br />
brackish water courses, in the Central and Upper Hunter Valley.<br />
MU 195 — River Oak riparian forest of the western Hunter<br />
Open riparian forests with an overstorey strongly dominated by Casuarina cunninghamiana.<br />
Shrubs are typically only sparsely present, with the only diagnostic species being<br />
Callistemon sieberi. The ground layer is typically dominated by grasses, including Aristida<br />
ramosa, Austrostipa aristiglumis, Cynodon dactylon (see comment above regarding status of<br />
this species), A. verticillata, Chloris ventricosa, A. scabra, Sporobolus creber, Austrodanthonia<br />
racemosa, Bothriochloa macra and Microlaena stipoides. A range of graminoids are also<br />
common, including Carex inversa, C. appressa and Juncus psammophilus. Common forbs<br />
include species such as Oxalis perennans, Acaena novae-zelandiae, Geranium solanderi and<br />
Rumex brownii. The aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides is also commonly present.<br />
A very large number of naturalised species were commonly recorded at sites within<br />
this community, including Medicago minima (Woolly Burr Medic, 100%), Lolium rigidum<br />
(Wimmera Ryegrass, 60%), Salvia verbenaca (Wild Sage, 60%), Avena fatua (Wild Oats, 40%),<br />
Trifolium repens (White Clover, 40%), Silybum marianum (Variegated Thistle, 60%), Urochloa<br />
panicoides (Urochloa Grass, 60%), Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 40%), Rapistrum<br />
rugosum (Turnip Weed, 60%), Eragrostis cilianensis (Stinkgrass, 60%), Centaurea calcitrapa (Star<br />
Thistle, 60%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 40%), Malva parviflora (Small-flowered Mallow,<br />
80%), Carduus pycnocephalus (Slender Thistle, 40%), Chondrilla juncea (Skeleton Weed, 60%),<br />
Carthamus lanatus (Saffron Thistle, 60%), Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot Amaranth, 60%),
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Modiola caroliniana (Red-flowered Mallow, 80%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop, 60%),<br />
Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Prickly Sowthistle, 40%), Bromus catharticus (Praire Grass,<br />
80%), Phalaris aquatica (Phalaris, 40%), Echium plantagineum (Patterson’s Curse, 60%),<br />
Paspalum dilatatum (Paspalum, 60%), Vicia sativa subsp. angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Vetch,<br />
40%), Salvia reflexa (Mintweed, 40%), Sisymbrium irio (London Rocket, 40%), Alternanthera<br />
pungens (Khaki Weed, 40%), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound, 100%), Bidens subalternans<br />
(Greater Beggar’s Ticks, 40%), Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane, 40%), Chenopodium<br />
album (Fat Hen, 40%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 80%), Rumex crispus (Curled Dock,<br />
40%), Vicia sativa subsp. sativa (Common Vetch, 40%), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle,<br />
40%), Hypochaeris radicata (Catsear, 40%), Hirschfeldia incana (Buchan Weed, 60%), Solanum<br />
nigrum (Black-berry Nightshade, 60%), Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst Burr, 100%), Hordeum<br />
leporinum (Barley Grass, 60%), Lepidium africanum (40%) and Vicia sativa (40%).<br />
Within the study area this community is distributed on riparian sites on clays of the<br />
Merriwa plateau, western Upper Hunter.<br />
MU 196 — River Red Gum / River Oak riparian woodland of the Hunter Valley<br />
Open riparian forests characterised by an overstorey dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis.<br />
The river oak Casuarina cunninghamiana may also be present at some sites as a dominant<br />
canopy species, however, further research would be needed to clarify the relationship<br />
between sites dominated by E. camaldulensis and those dominated by C. cunninghamiana. The<br />
ground layer is typically grassy and may be dominated by Cynodon dactylon (see comment<br />
above regarding status of this species), with Austrostipa verticillata also common. Scattered<br />
or localised forbs are also commonly present in the ground layer, including Urtica incisa,<br />
Dichondra repens and Alternanthera denticulata. Numerous naturalised species were recorded<br />
at more than 25% of sites in this community, including Aster subulatus (Wild Aster, 40%),<br />
Trifolium repens (White Clover, 30%), Silybum marianum (Variegated Thistle, 50%), Setaria<br />
gracilis (Slender Pigeon Grass, 30%), Verbena bonariensis (Purpletop, 30%), Ehrharta erecta (Panic<br />
Veldtgrass, 50%), Sida rhombifolia (Paddy’s Lucerne, 70%), Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu<br />
Grass, 30%), Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 40%), Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion, 40%),<br />
Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle, 30%), Stellaria media (Common Chickweed, 30%),<br />
Bidens pilosa (Cobbler’s Pegs, 40%) and Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Balloon Vine, 30%).<br />
This community is distributed within the community on alluvial riparian sites in the<br />
Central and Upper Hunter, mainly on clays and sands. MU 196 has particular regional<br />
conservation significance as it represents the Endangered River Red Gum population in<br />
the Hunter Catchment.<br />
4.3.5.8 FReSHWaTeR WeTLaNDS<br />
MU 197 — Baloskion pallens / Wallum Bottlebrush wallum sedge heath of the Lower North Coast<br />
Wet heath characterised by Callistemon pachyphyllus, with other common shrubs including<br />
Melaleuca thymifolia, Banksia oblongifolia, B. ericifolia and Boronia parviflora. M. quinquenervia<br />
is also commonly present as an emergent tree. The ground layer is typically wet and<br />
dominated by sedges and other graminoids, characteristically including Leptocarpus<br />
tenax, along with Schoenus brevifolius, Baloskion pallens, Xyris operculata, Baumea teretifolia<br />
and Chorizandra sphaerocephala. Common grasses include Entolasia stricta and Ischaemum<br />
132
133<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
australe, and common ferns and allies include Blechnum indicum and Selaginella uliginosa.<br />
Semi-aquatic forbs, such as Villarsia exaltata, are also commonly present.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on Quaternary<br />
barrier sands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast.<br />
MU 198 — Cladium procerum wetland<br />
Freshwater wetlands strongly dominated by Cladium procerum. Various emergent trees<br />
may occur in this community, including Eucalyptus robusta, Livistona australis and Casuarina<br />
glauca. Naturalised species commonly recorded in this community include Ageratina<br />
adenophora (Crofton Weed, 100%), Erechtites valerianifolia (Brazilian Fireweed, 100%) and<br />
Hydrocotyle bonariensis (100%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained sites on barrier sands of the<br />
Central Coast. MU 198 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater<br />
wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East<br />
Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 199 — Water Couch / Spike rush freshwater wetland of the Central Coast and Lower Hunter<br />
Freshwater wetlands characterised by Eleocharis sphacelata and Paspalum distichum, with<br />
Melaleuca linariifolia often occurring as an emergent shrub. Other common graminoids<br />
include Juncus usitatus, and the grass Cynodon dactylon is also often present. In addition,<br />
various forbs, including aquatic and semi-aquatic herbs, are also commonly present, such<br />
as Epaltes australis, Ludwigia peploides, Persicaria decipiens, P. hydropiper and Alternanthera<br />
denticulata. Commonly recorded naturalised species in this community include Cyperus<br />
eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 50%) and Senecio madagascariensis (Fireweed, 50%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on coastal lowlands<br />
of the Central Coast. MU 199 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community<br />
‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and<br />
South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 200 — Typha rushland<br />
Rushlands strongly dominated by Typha orientalis and occasionally including Melaleuca<br />
quinquenervia as an emergent tree. Various other graminoids and forbs common to wet<br />
areas may also be present, including Cladium procerum, Persicaria strigosa and Hydrocotyle<br />
bonariensis. Commonly recorded naturalised species at sites in this community include<br />
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligator Weed, 29%) and Hydrocotyle bonariensis (29%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on the margins of freshwater water bodies<br />
on the Central Coast and Lower North Coast. MU 200 forms part of the Endangered<br />
Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North<br />
Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 201 — Spirodella freshwater wetland<br />
Freshwater wetlands characterised by the floating aquatic herb Spirodella punctata.<br />
Commonly recorded naturalised species include Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth,<br />
100%), Cyperus eragrostis (Umbrella Sedge, 33%), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrots Feather,<br />
33%) and Isolepis prolifera (67%).
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
This community may be only ephemerally present at any given location and occurs on<br />
open, freshwater water bodies. Where it occurs on coastal floodplains this community<br />
forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal<br />
floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’<br />
(DECC 2009).<br />
MU 202 — Philydrum lanuginosum / Sporobolus virginicus wetland<br />
Freshwater wetlands dominated by Sporobolus virginicus and Philydrum lanuginosum, often<br />
with Melaleuca quinquenervia as an emergent tree. Other common graminoids include<br />
Cyperus difformis and Lepironia articulata, and forbs include Persicaria strigosa, P. praetermissa<br />
and Hydrocotyle pedicellosa. Commonly recorded species in this community include Aster<br />
subulatus (Wild Aster, 100%), Paspalum urvillei (Vasey Grass, 100%), Cyperus eragrostis<br />
(Umbrella Sedge, 100%), Sporobolus virginicus var. virginicus (Sand Couch, 100%), Xanthium<br />
occidentale (Noogoora Burr, Cockle Burr, 100%), Hydrocotyle bonariensis (100%) and Isolepis<br />
prolifera (100%).<br />
This community occurs within the study area on poorly drained sites on coastal lowlands<br />
of the Central Coast. MU 202 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community<br />
‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and<br />
South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 203 — Elaeocharis sphacelata freshwater wetland<br />
Freshwater wetlands characterised and strongly dominated by Eleocharis sphacelata, and<br />
commonly also including Philydrum lanuginosum. Melaleuca quinquenervia may be present<br />
as an emergent tree species. Other common, though less abundant, graminoids include<br />
Lepironia articulata, Isolepis prolifera, Cyperus eragrostis and C. difformis. Various forbs<br />
may also commonly be present, including Persicaria strigosa, P. praetermissa, Hydrocotyle<br />
bonariensis and Aster subulatus. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of<br />
sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on coastal lowlands<br />
of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on alluvial sands and muds. MU 203<br />
forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal<br />
floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’<br />
(DECC 2009).<br />
MU 204 — Lepironia articulata sedgeland<br />
Sedgelands characterised and strongly dominated by Lepironia articulata, often in<br />
association with Baumea teretifolia. Other common graminoids include Schoenus brevifolius,<br />
Philydrum lanuginosum, Cyperus aggregatus and B. arthrophylla. The grass Pseudoraphis<br />
paradoxa may also be co-dominant at some sites, with other common grasses including<br />
Digitaria parviflora. The ferns Blechnum indicum and Histiopteris incisa, along with forbs<br />
such as Persicaria strigosa, may also be common in the ground layer. A commonly recorded<br />
naturalised species at sites in this community is Cyperus aggregatus (33%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on coastal<br />
lowlands of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on alluvial sands and<br />
muds. MU 204 forms part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands<br />
134
135<br />
CHaPTeR 4 Results<br />
on coastal floodplains of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner<br />
bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 205 — Baumea articulata sedgeland<br />
Sedgelands characterised and strongly dominated by Baumea articulata, with other common<br />
graminoids including Philydrum lanuginosum, Baumea teretifolia and Eleocharis sphacelata.<br />
Melaleuca quinquenervia is commonly present as an emergent tree. Various aquatic or semiaquatic<br />
herbaceous species are also commonly present, including Villarsia exaltata and<br />
Triglochin procera. No naturalised species were recorded at more than 25% of sites in this<br />
community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on coastal lowlands of<br />
the Lower North Coast and Central Coast, mainly on alluvial sands and muds. MU 205 forms<br />
part of the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains<br />
of the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 206 — Baloskion stenocoleum / Poa costiniana sedgeland on Barrington Tops<br />
Sedgelands characterised by Baloskion stenocoleum and Empodisma minus dominating<br />
on the wetter areas, often in association with Poa costiniana. Occasional shrubs, mainly<br />
Epacris microphylla, may be scattered throughout. Various forbs are commonly present,<br />
including Ranunculus pimpinellifolius, Hypericum gramineum, Cardamine paucijuga, Euchiton<br />
gymnocephalus, Brachyscome microcarpa and Utricularia dichotoma. The only naturalised<br />
species recorded at more than 25% of sites in this community is Trifolium repens (White<br />
Clover, 67%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on the<br />
montane plateau of the Barrington Tops, mainly on granites and granodiorites. MU 206<br />
may relate to, or form part of, the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Montane Peatlands<br />
and Swamps of the New England Tableland, NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin; South East<br />
Corner; South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 207 — Baloskion stenocoleum / Hakea microcarpa wet heath on Barrington Tops and<br />
tableland edge<br />
Wet heaths characterised by a shrub layer characterised by Hakea microcarpa, and with<br />
Eucalyptus pauciflora and E. dalrympleana commonly occurring as emergent trees. Other<br />
common shrub species include Leptospermum argenteum and Epacris microphylla. The ground<br />
layer is wet and typically dominated by sedges and other graminoids, including Baloskion<br />
stenocoleum, Carex fascicularis, C. gaudichaudiana, Cyperus sphaeroideus, Eleocharis gracilis,<br />
Juncus australis and J. sandwithii. Common grass species include Deyeuxia gunniana and<br />
Poa sieberiana, and a variety of aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial herbs are commonly<br />
present, including Myriophyllum crispatum, Ranunculus pimpinellifolius, R. inundatus,<br />
Pratia pedunculata, Utricularia dichotoma, Wahlenbergia ceracea, Sparganium subglobosum and<br />
Oreomyrrhis eriopoda. The only naturalised species recorded at more than 25% of sites in<br />
this community is Trifolium repens (White Clover, 67%).<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on poorly drained sites on the montane<br />
plateau of the Barrington Tops, mainly on granites and granodiorites. MU 207 is closely<br />
related to MU 206, with both communities co-occurring, and may relate to, or form part
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
of, the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Montane Peatlands and Swamps of the New<br />
England Tableland; NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin; South East Corner; South Eastern<br />
Highlands and Australian Alps’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 208 — Carex gaudichaudiana fens on the tablelands<br />
Fens characteristically dominated by Carex gaudichaudiana, with other common graminoids<br />
including Scirpus polystachyus, Eleocharis pusilla, Cyperus sphaeroideus, Juncus alexandri<br />
and Carex inversa. Common forb species include Geranium solanderi, Persicaria hydropiper,<br />
Stellaria angustifolia, Viola caleyana and Lythrum salicaria, and the main characteristic grass<br />
species is Isachne globosa. Commonly recorded naturalised species include Holcus lanatus<br />
(Yorkshire Fog, 50%), Festuca elatior (Tall Fescue, 50%), Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, 50%)<br />
and Mimulus moschatus (50%).<br />
This community is distributed within the study area on poorly drained sites on the<br />
Northern Tablelands. MU 208 may relate to, or form part of, the Endangered Ecological<br />
Community ‘Montane Peatlands and Swamps of the New England Tableland, NSW North<br />
Coast; Sydney Basin; South East Corner; South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps’<br />
(DECC 2009).<br />
4.3.5.9 SaLINe WeTLaNDS<br />
MU 209 — Saltmarsh / estuarine complex<br />
A complex of tidal communities including saltmarsh and various intergrades between<br />
saltmarsh, mudflat and mangrove communities. Characteristic species include Sporobolus<br />
virginicus, Sarcocornia quinqueflora and Samolus repens, with the mangrove Avicennia marina<br />
also commonly occurring at low densities. No naturalised species were recorded at more<br />
than 25% of sites in this community.<br />
Within the study area, this community occurs on alluvial sands and muds on tidal zones<br />
of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast. MU 209 is of particular regional conservation<br />
significance as it is equivalent to the Endangered Ecological Community ‘Coastal Saltmarsh<br />
in the NSW North Coast; Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions’ (DECC 2009).<br />
MU 210 — Grey Mangrove low closed forest<br />
Low open forests to low closed forests dominated by Avicennia marina, often in association<br />
with Aegiceras corniculatum. The understorey typically includes a sparse cover of small<br />
shrubs including Suaeda australis and Sarcocornia quinqueflora, and graminoids including<br />
Juncus kraussii and Triglochin striata. The ground layer is typically also sparsely vegetated<br />
and is characterised by Sporobolus virginicus.<br />
This community occurs on tidal zones of the Lower North Coast and Central Coast.<br />
136
CHaPTeR 5<br />
Recommendations<br />
The following brief recommendations are made based on consideration of the regional<br />
classification scheme, feedback provided from the expert panel reviews, and discussions<br />
with local vegetation experts. They represent the necessary steps to preparing the current<br />
classification scheme which will be used in a future mapping / modelling stage. The main<br />
recommendations for this second stage of the project are:<br />
1. That an improved process for liaising with landholders be developed in order to gain<br />
better access to private properties for future vegetation surveys. This includes clarifying<br />
for landholders the relationships between vegetation classification and mapping, and the<br />
application of the NSW Native Vegetation Act.<br />
2. That under-sampled and proposed unsampled communities be addressed in further field<br />
sampling work based on modelling input priorities, where scale-appropriate.<br />
3. That some groups, where appropriate, are grouped into broader groups for mapping<br />
purposes, with variants recognised where these reflect actual variation in the field.<br />
4. That suggested groups be combined into complexes for mapping purposes, with variants<br />
recognised as per the classification scheme. These include coastal freshwater wetland<br />
types and rock outcrop shrublands (some groups have already been amalgamated into<br />
the latter).<br />
5. That ground-truthing of the Hunter, Central Coast and Lower North Coast vegetation<br />
classification scheme be carried out prior to any mapping and / or modelling work<br />
commencing.<br />
137
BIBLIOGRaPHY<br />
Anderson, R. H. (1961), ‘Introduction’, Contributions of the NSW National Herbarium Flora Series,<br />
1(18): 1–15.<br />
Bale, C. L. & Williams, J. B. (1993), ‘Classification of Nothofagus moorei communities in Northern<br />
New South Wales’, Australian Systematic Botany, 6: 429–40.<br />
Bannister, P. (1966), ‘The use of subjective estimates of cover-abundance as the basis for<br />
ordination’, The Journal of Ecology, 54: 665–74.<br />
Beadle, N.C.W. (1981), The vegetation of Australia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.<br />
Beadle, N. C. W. & Costin, A. B. (1952), ‘Ecological classification and nomenclature’, Proceedings<br />
of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 77: 61–82.<br />
Bedward, M., Elliss, M. & Gleeson, P. (2007), Yet Another Vegetation Survey Database, version<br />
3.1, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.<br />
Belbin, L. (1994), PATN: Pattern analysis package, CSIRO, Canberra.<br />
Belbin, L. (1995), PATN users’ guide and PATN technical reference, CSIRO Division of Wildlife<br />
and Technology, Canberra.<br />
Belbin, L. & McDonald, C. (1993), ‘Comparing three classification strategies for use in<br />
ecology’, Journal of Vegetation Science, 4: 341–8.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (1997 a ), Tomaree National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document, East<br />
Coast Flora Survey, report to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (1997b), Vegetation survey and mapping of Crown Land, south of Manobalai Nature<br />
Reserve, Upper Hunter Valley, report to the Department of Land and Water Conservation and<br />
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (1998 a ), Lake Macquarie SRA, Pulbah Island Nature Reserve, Tingira Heights NR: vegetation<br />
survey: a fire management document, Eastcoast Flora Survey, report to the NSW National Parks<br />
and Wildlife Service.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (1998 b ), Popran National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document, Eastcoast<br />
Flora Survey, report to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (1998 c ), Wollemi National Park vegetation survey: a fire management document, Eastcoast<br />
Flora Survey, report to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (2002), The natural vegetation of Wyong Local Government Area, Central Coast, New<br />
South Wales: technical report and community profiles, Wyong, Wyong Shire Council.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (2004 a ), Data audit of vegetation survey within the Central Coast LGAs, Newcastle, Lower<br />
Hunter & Central Coast Regional Environmental Strategy (L<strong>HCCREMS</strong>).<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (2004 b ), ‘Distribution and habitat of the vulnerable tree species, Angophora inopina<br />
(Myrtaceae), Central Coast of New South Wales’, Cunninghamia, 8(4): 477–84.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (2004 c ), ‘The natural vegetation of the Gosford Local Government Area, Central<br />
Coast, New South Wales’, unpublished report to Gosford City Council.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. (2004 d ), ‘Vegetation of Werakata National Park, Hunter Valley, New South Wales’,<br />
138
139<br />
Bibliography<br />
Cunninghamia, 8(3): 331–47.<br />
Bell, S. & Murray, M. (2001), ‘The ecological significance of Bow Wow Creek Gorge, Mulbring,<br />
Hunter Valley, New South Wales: a nationally significant site’, unpublished.<br />
Bell, S. A. J. & Palmer, J. (2000), Data audit of vegetation survey and mapping in the Hunter region,<br />
NSW, Centre for Natural Resources, Department of Land and Water Conservation.<br />
Bell, S. A. J., Vollmer, J. & Gellie, N. (1993), ‘Yengo National Park and Parr State Recreation Area:<br />
for use in fire management’, unpublished report for the NSW National Parks and Wildlife<br />
Service.<br />
Benson, D. H. (1986), ‘The vegetation of the Gosford and Lake Macquarie 1:100 000 vegetation<br />
map sheet’, Cunninghamia, 1(4): 467–89.<br />
Benson D. H. & Howell (nd), ‘Natural vegetation of the Howes Valley 1:100 000 map sheet’,<br />
unpublished report to Royal Botanic Gardens.<br />
Benson, J.S. (2006), ‘New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Introduction:<br />
The classification, database, assessment of protected areas and threat status of plant<br />
communities’, Cunninghamia, 9(3): 331–82.<br />
Benson, J.S. & Fallding, H. (1981), ‘Vegetation survey of Brisbane Water National Park and<br />
environs’, Cunninghamia, 1(1): 79–113.<br />
Binns, D. (1995), Flora survey, Gloucester and Chichester Management Areas, Central Region, New<br />
South Wales, Research Division, State Forests of New South Wales, Sydney.<br />
Binns, D. (1996), Flora survey, Morisset Forestry District, Central Region New South Wales. Morisset<br />
Forestry District EIS. Supporting document No. 3, Research Division, State Forests of New<br />
South Wales, Sydney.<br />
Boden R. & Given D. (1995), ‘Regional overview: Australia and New Zealand’, in Davis,<br />
Heywood & Hamilton (eds), Centres of plant diversity: a guide and strategy for their conservation,<br />
Vol. 2, Asia, Australasia and the Pacific, WWF/IUCN, Cambridge: 433–518.<br />
Briggs, J. D. & Leigh, J. H. (1996), Rare or threatened Australian plants, , CSIRO Publishing,<br />
Canberra.<br />
Burbidge, N. T. (1960), ‘The phytogeography of the Australian region’, Australian Journal of<br />
Botany, 8(2): 75–211.<br />
Cofinas, M. & Creighton, C. (2001), ‘Australian Native Vegetation Assessment’, in National<br />
Land and Water Resources Audit 2001, Land & Water Australia, Australian Government,<br />
Canberra.<br />
Crisp, M. D., Laffan, S., Linder, H. P. & Monro, A. (2001), ‘Endemism in the Australian flora’,<br />
Journal of Biogeography, 28(1): 183–98.<br />
DECC see Department of Environment and Climate Change<br />
Department of Environment and Climate Change (2006), ‘The vegetation of the western<br />
Blue Mountains’, unpublished report funded by the Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment<br />
Management Authority, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Hurstville.<br />
Department of Environment and Climate Change (updated 21 February 2008a), ‘Sydney<br />
Basin Bioregion’, Bioregions of New South Wales, Department of Environment and Climate<br />
Change, retrieved 27 March 2009 from http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/bioregions/<br />
SydneyBasinBioregion.htm<br />
Department of Environment and Climate Change (2008b), The native vegetation of Yengo and<br />
Parr Reserves and surrounds, DECC, Sydney.<br />
Department of Environment and Climate Change (updated 19 March 2009), ‘Littoral<br />
rainforest in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
— endangered ecological community listing: NSW Scientific Committee — final determination’,<br />
final determinations by date, Department of Environment and Climate<br />
Change, Retrieved 27 March 2009 from http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/<br />
LittoralRainforestEndSpListing.htm<br />
Environment Australia (2000), Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation Australia<br />
(IBRA) and development of version 5.1: summary report, Environment Australia, ACT.<br />
ERM Mitchell McCotter Pty Ltd (1997), Dungog Biologocal Diversity Study, Paterson Planning<br />
District, New South Wales.<br />
Faith, D. P., Minchin, P. R. & Belbin, L. (1987), ‘Compositional dissimilarity as a robust<br />
measure of ecological distance’, Vegetatio, 69: 57–68.<br />
Floyd, A. G. (1990), Australian rainforests in New South Wales, Surrey Beaty and Sons, Sydney.<br />
Forestry Commission of New South Wales (1989), Forest types in New South Wales, Forestry<br />
Commission of New South Wales, Sydney.<br />
Greenwood, M. E. (1999), ‘Dungog Vegetation and Biodiversity Study’, unpublished report<br />
prepared for the Dungog Shire Council, Hunter region, New South Wales.<br />
Griffith, S. J. & Wilson, R. 2007, ‘Wallum on the Nabiac Pleistocene barriers, Lower North Coast<br />
of New South Wales’, Cunninghamia, 10(1): 93–111.<br />
Griffith, S. J., Wilson, R. & Maryott-Brown, K. (2000), ‘Vegetation and flora of Booti Booti National<br />
Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve, Lower North Coast of New South Wales’, Cunninghamia,<br />
6(3): 645–716.<br />
Griffith, S. J., Bale, C., Adam, P. & Wilson R. (2003), ‘Wallum and related vegetation on the NSW<br />
North Coast: description and phytosociological analysis; North Coast of New South Wales’,<br />
Cunninghamia, 8(2): 202–52.<br />
Hakes, W. (1994), ‘On the predictive power of numerical and Braun-Blanquet classification: an<br />
example from beechwoods’, Journal of Vegetation Science, 5(2): 153–60.<br />
<strong>HCCREMS</strong> (2008a), Hunter, Central & Lower North Coast Vegetation Classification & Mapping Project<br />
Volume 2: Vegetation community profiles, report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal,<br />
NSW.<br />
<strong>HCCREMS</strong> (2008b), Hunter, Central & Lower North Coast Vegetation Classification & Mapping<br />
Project Volume 3: Vegetation survey data audit, report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal,<br />
NSW.<br />
Hill, D., Fasham, M., Tucker, G., Shewry, M. & Shaw, P. (2005), Handbook of biodiversity methods:<br />
survey, evaluation and monitoring, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.<br />
Hnatuik, R. J. (1990) Census of Australian vascular plants, Canberra, AGPS.<br />
Hnatiuk, R. J., Thackway, R. & Walker, J. (in press), ‘Vegetation: revised’, in McDonald, R. C.,<br />
Isbell, R. F., Speight, J. G., Walker, J. & Hopkins, M. S. (eds), ‘Australian soil and land survey<br />
field handbook’, 2nd ed, CSIRO Publishing, Victoria.<br />
Hunter, J. T. (2005), ‘Floristics and distribution of Wattle dry sclerophyll forests and scrubs in<br />
north-eastern New South Wales’, Cunninghamia, 9(2): 317–23.<br />
Hunter, J. T. & Bell, D. (2007), ‘Vegetation of montane bogs in east-flowing catchments, Northern<br />
New England, New South Wales’, Cunninghamia, 10(1): 77–92.<br />
Keith, D. A. (2002), A compilation map of native vegetation for New South Wales: draft report, New<br />
South Wales Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney.<br />
Keith, D. A. (2004), Ocean shores to desert dunes: the native vegetation of New South Wales and the<br />
140
141<br />
Bibliography<br />
ACT, NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, Sydney.<br />
Keith, D. A. & Bedward, M. (1999), ‘Native vegetation of the south east forests region, Eden,<br />
New South Wales’, Cunninghamia, 6(1): 1–218.<br />
Maslin, B. R. & Pedley, L. (1988), ‘Patterns of distribution of acacia in Australia’, Australian<br />
Journal of Botany, 36(4): 385–93.<br />
McCauley (ed.) (2006a), ‘SPOT5 Pilot Study: NSW Hunter and Central Coast Vegetation Mapping<br />
Project’, unpublished report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils Environment Division<br />
for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal, NSW.<br />
McCauley, A. (2006b), ‘Vegetation survey and mapping of the Hunter, Central and Lower<br />
North Coast region of NSW’, unpublished report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal,<br />
NSW.<br />
McCauley, A., DeVries, R., Elith, J. & Gilmour, P. (2006), ‘Vegetation of regional significance<br />
on the NSW Central Coast’, unpublished report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils<br />
Environment Division for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal,<br />
NSW.<br />
McRae, R. H. D. & Cooper, M. G. (1985), ‘Vegetation of Merriwa (1:100 000)’, Cunninghamia, 1(1):<br />
351–69.<br />
Microsoft Corporation (2003), ‘Microsoft Office Access’, part of Microsoft Office Professional Plus<br />
software, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA.<br />
Murray, M., Bell, S., Hoye, G. (2002), Flora and fauna survey guidelines: Lower Hunter Central Coast<br />
region 2002, Lower Hunter & Central Coast Regional Environmental Management Strategy,<br />
Callaghan.<br />
Myerscough, P.J. & Carolin, R.C. (1986), ‘The vegetation of the Eurunderee Sand Mass, headlands<br />
and previous islands in the Myall Lakes area, NSW’, Cunninghamia, 1(4): 399–466.<br />
NPWS see NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.<br />
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service CRA Unit, (1999 a ), Forest ecosystem classification and<br />
mapping for upper and lower north east CRA regions, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service,<br />
Sydney.<br />
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (1999 b ), unpublished field survey data completed for<br />
Persoonia pauciflora, undertaken for NPWS Threatened Species Unit.<br />
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service CRA Unit, (2000), Vegetation survey, classification and<br />
mapping, Lower Hunter & Central Coast region, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service,<br />
Sydney.<br />
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (2002), Targeted flora survey and mapping NSW Western<br />
Regional Assessments: Brigalow Belt South bioregion (stage 2), Resource and Conservation<br />
Assessment Council, NSW.<br />
NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (2003a), Comprehensive coastal assessment: floristic data,<br />
Hurstville, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.<br />
NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (2003b), The bioregions of New South Wales: their<br />
biodiversity, conservation and history, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Hurstville.<br />
Palmer, J. & Bonjer, D. (1998), Vegetation mapping and planning in the Hunter region, NSW,<br />
Department of Land and Water Conservation.<br />
Payne, R.P. (1994), ‘Vegetation map of Munmorah State Recreation Area’, unpublished report<br />
prepared for the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service.<br />
Payne, R. P. (1997), Vegetation survey for Wamberal Lagoon Nature Reserve, Wyrrabalong National
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Park and Munmorah State Recreation Area, draft report prepared for the NSW National Parks<br />
& Wildlife Service.<br />
Peake, T. C. (2006), The vegetation of the Central Hunter Valley, New South Wales: a report on<br />
the findings of the Hunter Remnant Vegetation Project, Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment<br />
Management Authority, Paterson.<br />
Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust (2008), PlantNET, http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/<br />
Sanders, J., Bedward, M., Leahy, B., Robinson, M. & Sheringham, P. (1988), Preliminary report on<br />
the vegetation of Yengo National Park and Parr State Recreation Area, report to the NSW National<br />
Parks & Wildlife Service.<br />
Sheringham, P. R., Dr Benwell, A, Gilmour, P., Graham, M. S., Westaway, J., Weber, L., Bailey,<br />
D. & Price, R. (2008), Targetted vegetation survey of floodplains and lower slopes on the Far North<br />
Coast, a report prepared by the Department of Environment and Climate Change for the<br />
Comprehensive Coastal Assessment, Department of Environment and Climate Change,<br />
Coffs Harbour, NSW.<br />
Siggins, A., Opie, K., Culvenor, D., Sims, N. & Newnham, G. (2006), ‘Mapping vegetation<br />
cover and vegetation formation from SPOT5 satellite imagery’, in McCauley (ed) (2006b),<br />
‘Vegetation survey and mapping of the Hunter, Central and Lower North Coast region of<br />
NSW’, unpublished report prepared by <strong>HCCREMS</strong>/Hunter Councils Environment Division<br />
for Hunter–Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, Tocal, NSW.<br />
Story, R. (1963), ‘Vegetation of the Hunter Valley’, in R. Story, R. Galloway, R. van de Graaf &<br />
A. Tweedie (eds), General report on the lands of the Hunter Valley, Land Research Series No. 8,<br />
CSIRO, Melbourne: 136–50.<br />
Story, R., Galloway, R. W., van de Graaff, R. H. M. & Tweedie, A. D. (1963), General report on the<br />
lands of the Hunter Valley, Land Research Series No. 8, CSIRO, Melbourne.<br />
Sun, D., Hnatiuk, R. J. & Neldner, V. J. (1997), ‘Review of vegetation classification and mapping<br />
systems undertaken by major forested land management agencies in Australia’, Australian<br />
Journal of Botany, 45(6): 929–48.<br />
Wikum, D. A. & Shanholtzer, G. F. (1978), ‘Application of the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance<br />
scale for vegetation analysis in land development studies’, Environmental Management, 2(4):<br />
323–9.<br />
142
aPPeNDICeS<br />
143
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 1:<br />
Systematic vegetation surveys proforma<br />
144
aPPeNDIx 1 Systematic vegetation surveys proforma<br />
145
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
146
Appendix 2:<br />
Quality assurance proforma<br />
147<br />
aPPeNDIx 2 Quality assurance proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
148
149<br />
aPPeNDIx 2 Quality assurance proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
150
Appendix 3:<br />
Data vetting proforma<br />
151<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
152
153<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
154
155<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
156
157<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
158
159<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
160
161<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
162
163<br />
aPPeNDIx 3 Data vetting proforma
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
164
Appendix 4:<br />
Hierarchical classification dendrogram<br />
aPPeNDIx 4 Hierarchical classification dendrogram<br />
165
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
166
aPPeNDIx 4 Hierarchical classification dendrogram<br />
167
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
168
aPPeNDIx 4 Hierarchical classification dendrogram<br />
169
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 5:<br />
Classification Expert Review Workshop:<br />
Terms of reference<br />
HCRCMA Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project: Stage 2<br />
Terms of reference<br />
Classification Expert Review Workshop<br />
1. Objective<br />
The objective of the expert review of the draft classification scheme is to provide input from local expert<br />
knowledge to the development of the final classification scheme. This will ensure that the final scheme conforms,<br />
where possible and appropriate, to understanding of the region’s vegetation that has been developed by a broad<br />
cross-section of botanical and vegetation experts.<br />
2. Terms of reference<br />
The expert review team is responsible for:<br />
➜ ensuring appropriate linkages with complementary projects (e.g. LHCCReMS classification; local-scale<br />
vegetation mapping projects)<br />
➜ Providing technical / scientific advice and recommendations on the draft classification scheme to the<br />
project manager<br />
➜ Meeting as required (note: communications may occur remotely, such as email or teleconference)<br />
3. Workshop procedure<br />
Prior to workshop:<br />
➜ Botanical team to agree on preferred classification scheme based on numerical analyses prior to the<br />
workshop<br />
➜ an overview of the classification work completed to date, and the preferred classification scheme is<br />
provided to the expert review team<br />
➜ The summary dendrogram (dendrogram of groups) and fidelity outputs for preferred groups is supplied to<br />
the expert review team<br />
At the workshop:<br />
➜ Initial assessment made of any groups for which there is general agreement on the draft scheme<br />
➜ expert review team works through remaining groups, in dendrogram order, reviewing group definitions<br />
and fidelity data<br />
➜ Groups will be displayed on screen showing points for each group and other useful data<br />
➜ expert review team to discuss characteristic species and individual plots’ group definitions for each<br />
proposed community, noting which ones are to be merged / split and which ones are possibly erroneous<br />
(along with reviewer name)<br />
➜ Need someone present to produce more data relating to sites if needed<br />
➜ agreement sought on overall scheme and group definition for individual plots<br />
➜ Where consensus is reached on a community, changes will be noted and made by the project team<br />
➜ Where clear consensus on a community is not reached the comments will be noted and a decision made<br />
by the project team in consultation with the botanical team<br />
4. Documentation<br />
➜ Recording of general proceedings<br />
➜ Detailed recording of comments on each community, including important environmental parameters, will<br />
be undertaken<br />
➜ Spreadsheet developed throughout process detailing: community group number, group title,<br />
characteristic species, other factors considered important for proposed community (i.e. abiotic factors,<br />
environmental correlates—useful for later modelling work also)<br />
➜ Detailed recording of all issues for which consensus cannot be reached<br />
170
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Appendix 6:<br />
Collated review<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y 3 Three outliers. Y Don’t merge Group 1<br />
and Group 4; outliers<br />
reallocated; merged with<br />
Group 107.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
4 – Doug Binns.<br />
1 Silvertop Stringybark / Sydney<br />
Blue Gum grassy open forest of<br />
ranges of the Lower North Coast<br />
Y Don’t merge Group 1<br />
and Group 4; outliers<br />
reallocated.<br />
Possibly one outlier – site further west – andrew Paget<br />
(Site lne11012).<br />
Y 1 Site west<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
1 – Doug Binns.<br />
4 Silvertop Stringybark / Sydney<br />
Blue Gum shrub / grass open<br />
forest of ranges of the Lower<br />
North Coast<br />
Y Don’t merge; floristically<br />
distinct; no nearest<br />
nearest neighbours in<br />
143.<br />
N E. laevopina has been planted in some odd places<br />
– plantations.<br />
N Merge with Group<br />
143 – andrew Paget.<br />
6 Tallowwood / Sydney Blue Gum<br />
shrub / grass open forest on<br />
ranges of Lower North Coast<br />
171<br />
Y Two Mt Royal sites<br />
reallocated to Group 1;<br />
don’t merge Group 7 and<br />
Group 10 as dominant<br />
grey gum is E. propinqua<br />
in Group 7 cw E. punctata<br />
in Group 10; also Group<br />
7 closer to several other<br />
groups before Group 10.<br />
N x There is a veg group similar on the CC, may not have<br />
been sampled – David Tierney.<br />
Group covers large geographical range – could split Mt<br />
Royal sites from sites located closer to the coast – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
N x x Split Mt Royal from<br />
coastal sites – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
Merge with Group<br />
10 – Doug Binns.<br />
7 Tallowwood / Small-fruited Grey<br />
Gum / Themeda foothills dry<br />
grassy open forest<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Don’t merge Group 7 and<br />
Group 10 as dominant<br />
grey gum is E. propinqua<br />
in Group 7 cw E. punctata<br />
in Group 10; also Group<br />
7 closer to several other<br />
groups before Group 10.<br />
N Could relate to Group 7 – Doug Binns. Does is it relate to<br />
groups 15 and 27 – David Tierney.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
7 – Doug Binns.<br />
10 Tallowwood / Spotted Gum / Grey<br />
Gum grass / herb open forest<br />
Y Do not merge with<br />
Group 137; Group 18 and<br />
Group 137 are not related<br />
statistically.<br />
N Merge with Group 137 possibly; it’s a community but no<br />
groups similar further north? – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
137.<br />
18 Smooth-barked apple / Red<br />
Mahogany / Cabbage Palm open<br />
forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
continued<br />
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Re-allocate ea_SB10 to<br />
Group 128; new Group<br />
311 for sites on Wallarah<br />
Peninsula.<br />
One outlier in the north – ea_SB10.<br />
South of Gosford – there is some Blackbutt down in this<br />
section – Robert Payne.<br />
Wallarah Peninsula does not contain Blackbutt – there<br />
is plenty of sites out on the Wallarah Peninsula – Steve<br />
Bell.<br />
There is plenty of Blackbutt down on the Central Coast<br />
but it is not picked up in this group – Steve Bell.<br />
Wallarah Peninsula is quite a unique community so this<br />
may need to be taken out – Steve Bell; I suspect that the<br />
Rp sites and Munmorah data is blurring things in this<br />
community.<br />
Y 1 Site north<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
N x Wallarah Peninsula<br />
sites could be a<br />
separate community<br />
– Steve Bell.<br />
25 Blackbutt / Turpentine / Forest<br />
Oak shrub / fern open forest<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N Given review panel<br />
comments and fact<br />
that all sites seem to be<br />
closely related to each<br />
other which does suggest<br />
obsever bias. Re-allocate<br />
to nearest group based<br />
on group centroids which<br />
is Group 7.<br />
N x Requires checking. N One observer – Doug Binns.<br />
If observer was Simon Cropper then there could be a<br />
problem: 1) Not a local (from Melbourne); 2) Struggled<br />
with the IDs; and 3) Did not include species that he<br />
could not ID – Steve Bell.<br />
Group could be distinct but requires checking – all in<br />
agreeance.<br />
27 Spotted Gum / Grey Ironbark (E.<br />
paniculata) / Tallowwood open<br />
forest<br />
172<br />
Y I don’t see that I can<br />
do much based on the<br />
statistics and geography;<br />
so may just keep as is.<br />
Community exists in Travis’s work but under a different<br />
community name – Travis Peake.<br />
There was a cluster of sites that could possibly not<br />
belong to this group, however, this would require field<br />
work to confirm – Travis Peake.<br />
Most of the spotted gum sites were joined to the<br />
southern community in Travis’s work – Travis Peake.<br />
N Y ? Cluster of sites –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
31 White Mahogany / Spotted<br />
Gum / Grey Myrtle shrubby open<br />
forest of the Central and Lower<br />
Hunter Valley<br />
Y Statistically it makes more<br />
sense to merge groups<br />
225, 226 and 227 into one<br />
large Smooth-barked<br />
apple group and keep<br />
Group 34 separate as a<br />
small near-coastal group.<br />
N This group could be merged in with either groups 225<br />
or 227.<br />
34 Smooth-barked apple N x Merge with either<br />
groups 225 or 227.<br />
Y Lne11029 reallocated<br />
to Group 52; lne1030<br />
unallocated; keep this as<br />
a separate group.<br />
There is a variant in here that might be worth<br />
recognising as a separate community – Steve Lewer<br />
(read Michael and Doug’s notes).<br />
Lne11029 and lne1030 are outliers – Travis Peake.<br />
N x Y 2 Site numbers<br />
lne11029 and<br />
lne1030 are<br />
outliers – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
38 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark / Red Ironbark grassy<br />
open forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
N I don’t have the original<br />
data with exotics so I have<br />
left these unallocated;<br />
also don’t appear to have<br />
39 No name N x Requires checking. Y Singe observer bias – Doug Binns.<br />
This was completed by one observer and the area was<br />
affected by african Olive – Travis Peake.<br />
Check to see what the exotic species are and how much<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
grid ref in data.<br />
area they cover – all.<br />
N Leave unallocated.<br />
40 No name N x Leave unallocated N Be careful with Gordon Patrick sites – it is not indicative<br />
of the community.<br />
Could remove – Travis Peake & Steve Bell.<br />
Y Persoonia / Rothbury sites<br />
unallocated; merged with<br />
remainder of Group 44.<br />
N N Might need to take these Spotted Gum community<br />
groups out separately and analysis them – John Hunter.<br />
Might be best to leave the communites as they are but<br />
map them as one – Travis Peake.<br />
43 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark / Red Ironbark / Grey Box<br />
shrub / grass<br />
Delete Persoonia / Rothbury dataset – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Persoonia / Rothbury sites<br />
unallocated; remainer<br />
merged with Group 43;<br />
Site wync3 unallocated.<br />
This was only one surveyor, Gordon Patrick, could be<br />
wrong and you should reallocate to another group –<br />
Steve Bell.<br />
The site at Wyong (wync3) is a moist forest, it is an<br />
N x Y 1 Site located at<br />
Wyong (wync3)<br />
– Steve Bell.<br />
44 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark / Red Ironbark<br />
shrub / grass<br />
outlier and should be reallocated – Steve Bell.<br />
Y Merge with Group 45.<br />
N There could be a problem with Spotted Gum / fibrosa<br />
groups – Steve Bell.<br />
You might have one big group of spotted gum / ironbark<br />
– Steve Bell.<br />
Check all Spotted Gum / ironbark groups.<br />
N x Merge with<br />
other Spotted<br />
Gum / ironbark<br />
groups – Steve Bell<br />
Spotted Gum/<br />
Ironbark groups<br />
46 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Mahogany / ironbark moist<br />
shrubby open forest<br />
173<br />
could be one group.<br />
Y Persoonia / Rothbury sites<br />
unallocated; merge Group<br />
N This is the eeC – Doug Binns.<br />
This is the data from the Lower Hunter Spotted Gum.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
50 – Steve Bell.<br />
49 Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark<br />
shrub / grass open forest<br />
49 and Group 50.<br />
It looks alright – Travis Peake.<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Merge Group 49 and<br />
Group 50.<br />
N Should this merge with Group 49? – Steve Bell.<br />
This one has more Themeda – John Hunter. Might need<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
49 – Steve Bell.<br />
50 Spotted Gum / Large-fruited Grey<br />
Gum / Broad-leaved Mahogany<br />
to be merged with Group 49.<br />
shrub / grass open forest<br />
N Single site with many<br />
unusual species; ignore.<br />
N Strange combination of species – Doug Binns.<br />
It is located on the Neverfail property – Travis Peake.<br />
There is doubts that this is a distinct community, should<br />
probably be merged with another community – Travis<br />
Peake, Steve Bell.<br />
Nobody was sure what to combine it to, leave it<br />
62 No name N x Not sure what to<br />
merge it with – Most.<br />
unallocated – all.<br />
Y Merge Group 67 and<br />
Group 69.<br />
N Similar to Travis’s classfication work, it is a box / ironbark<br />
community – Travis Peake.<br />
a distinct community – Travis Peake.<br />
Merge with Group 69.<br />
N x Merge with Group 69<br />
– Travis Peake.<br />
67 Grey Box / Wiregrass grassy<br />
woodland of the Central Hunter
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y RBR01 reallocated to<br />
Group 108.<br />
This group is located mostly on footslopes whilst groups<br />
67 and 69 are not. The group is located in the valley<br />
where it takes a bend – Travis Peake.<br />
It is a distinct group but not comfortable with it, but<br />
definitely does not belong to groups 67 and 69 – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
The group might look better when the sites are cleaned<br />
up; RBR01 is one site that should be removed – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
Pesky Mount arthur Complex! Sandstone influence peak<br />
in the middle Hunter floor is it real. I dunno but it always<br />
stands out – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Requires checking. Y ? at a minimum,<br />
remove Site<br />
HUNTeR / RBR01<br />
(this is a vine<br />
thicket).<br />
68 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Spotted<br />
Gum / Grey Box<br />
N Merge with Group 67 – Travis Peake. Y Merge Group 67 and<br />
Group 69.<br />
N x Merge with Group 67<br />
– Travis Peake.<br />
69 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Offwhite<br />
Box / Bull Oak grassy<br />
N Sites reallocated<br />
according to nearest<br />
neighbours.<br />
N Remove, all next to roads and mines – Travis Peake.<br />
Lump – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Sites are located next<br />
to roads and mines –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
71 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey<br />
Box<br />
174<br />
N Reallocated to Group 45<br />
(which is merge of groups<br />
45 and 46) based on<br />
nearest neighbours.<br />
N Site located on the southern side of Werekata<br />
(CSN57P6F), is on the edge of floodplain forest, it should<br />
be reallocated to a floodplain community group – Steve<br />
Bell.<br />
Northern site is on edge of floodplain, it is a Melauca<br />
swamp, ecotone community, this site can be reallocated<br />
– John Hunter.<br />
74 No name N x Merge these<br />
two sites into<br />
another floodplain<br />
community group.<br />
Merge with Group 89;<br />
not particularly close<br />
statistically but is a<br />
Rough-barked apple<br />
community in the general<br />
geographic area.<br />
N Highly disturbed – Travis Peake.<br />
Combine with other Rough-barked apple groups –<br />
Travis Peake, Doug Binns.<br />
N x Merge with other<br />
Rough-barked apple<br />
groups – Travis<br />
Peake, Doug Binns.<br />
79 Rough-barked apple grassy<br />
open forest in Turrell State<br />
Forest<br />
N Can’t do much with these;<br />
no time to redo cover<br />
scores and re-run.<br />
Y Cover codes are incorrect, once they are fixed the sites<br />
might merge into other groups – Doug Binns, all agreed.<br />
80 No name N x Requires checking<br />
– cover scores are<br />
incorrect.<br />
N Can’t do much with these;<br />
no time to redo cover<br />
scores and re-run.<br />
81 No name N x Requires checking. Y Cover scores are incorrect, when they are fixed they will<br />
merge into other groups – Doug Binns.<br />
Sites could merge in with groups located on the<br />
Merriwa plateau – Steve Lewer.<br />
This could be a community to recognise, possibly<br />
a sedgeland community (Carex inversa sedgeland<br />
community) – John Hunter.
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Difficult to justify merging<br />
Group 83 and Group 86<br />
based on statistics but<br />
lets defer to the review<br />
panel thoughts and<br />
merge.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N This is not a separate community – the species do not<br />
belong where the sites are located – Steve Lewer.<br />
This community could be merged into the groups<br />
below – Travis Peake, Steve Lewer.<br />
83 White Box grassy woodland N x Merge with Group<br />
86 – Steve Lewer &<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
Difficult to justify merging<br />
Group 83 and Group 86<br />
based on statistics but<br />
lets defer to the review<br />
panel thoughts and<br />
merge.<br />
Groups 83 and 86 should be merged – Travis Peake,<br />
Steve Lewer.<br />
Mt George to Gloucester have a river oak – no North<br />
Coast community – please check – andrew Paget.<br />
N x<br />
(north<br />
coast<br />
community)<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
83 – Steve Lewer &<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
86 Grey Box / White Box grassy<br />
woodland<br />
N Site QRBC4a6V<br />
reallocated; Site JH_<br />
RT103 unallocated.<br />
N Most of these sites were disturbed – Doug Binns.<br />
This community might be an ecotone – andrew Paget.<br />
Put these sites into another community – all.<br />
88 No name N x all agreed upon,<br />
reallocate sites.<br />
Merge with Group 89;<br />
not particularly close<br />
statistically but is a<br />
Rough-barked apple<br />
community in the general<br />
geographic area.<br />
N x Requires checking. N This group could be merged into another group – John<br />
Hunter.<br />
This group looks to be either disturbed or observer bias<br />
– Doug Binns. Need to check this one out.<br />
91 Rough-barked apple moist<br />
sandstone gully forest<br />
175<br />
Y Merge Group 103 and<br />
Group 105 (Group<br />
53 is also close to<br />
these statistically<br />
but is geographically<br />
separated).<br />
N White Box, Grey Box integrades in this area – Steve<br />
Lewer.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
105 – Steve Lewer.<br />
103 Silvertop Stringbark / Grey Box<br />
grassy open forest of the slopes<br />
of the Liverpool Range<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Merge Group 103 and<br />
Group 105 (Group<br />
53 is also close to<br />
these statistically<br />
but is geographically<br />
separated).<br />
N Groups 103 and 105 should be merged – Travis Peake,<br />
Steve Bell, Steve Lewer.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
103 – Steve Lewer,<br />
Travis Peake, Steve<br />
Bell.<br />
105 White Box shrub / grass open<br />
forest of the northern parts of<br />
the Upper Hunter<br />
Merge with Group 1;<br />
there are other groups<br />
closer but Group 1 makes<br />
more geographic sense.<br />
N Sites are very heterogenous – Doug Binns.<br />
John Hunter completed these sites and he said they<br />
were all very heavily cleared and grazed – John Hunter.<br />
Thus, group may relate to a group further east – need<br />
to check – all.<br />
N x Group may relate to a<br />
group further east.<br />
107 E. biturbinata / Yellow Box /<br />
Tussock Snow Grass grassy open<br />
forest
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Closest to Group 117<br />
statistically so could be<br />
considered a variant<br />
of this; also a bit of a<br />
geographic outlier; merge<br />
with Group 117.<br />
Two of the sites do not relate to other sites – recheck<br />
these against other groups – Steve Bell.<br />
Group could probably occur in a lower rainfall area<br />
compared to other basalt community groups – could be<br />
a distinct group – Steve Bell.<br />
N x Requires checking. Y 2 Two sites do not<br />
seem to belong<br />
to this group.<br />
118 Giant Stinging Tree / Sandpaper<br />
Fig dry subtropical rainforest at<br />
Mt Yengo<br />
N Y Don’t merge with Group<br />
132; more closely related<br />
to a number of other<br />
groups.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
132 – andrew Paget.<br />
121 Lilly Pilly / Grey Myrtle / Rasp<br />
Fern of Barrington foothills and<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y No good reasons to<br />
change this group.<br />
Reasonable community, however, there were some<br />
plots that might need be reallocated – Doug Binns.<br />
Sites south of Cessnock represent this community –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
Sites located at the Central Coast represent this<br />
community, however, they could be merged in with a<br />
Blackbutt group – Robert Payne.<br />
Community group is associated with moist gullies –<br />
Robert Payne.<br />
Three outliers located near the Cape on the coast at<br />
Great Lakes – Steve Griffith. Relationship to David<br />
Tierney Group 31 subtle changes in shelter? – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
Y 3 Sites along the<br />
coast of Great<br />
Lakes.<br />
N x Central Coast sites<br />
could be merged<br />
with Blackbutt<br />
community – Robert<br />
Payne.<br />
125 White Mahogany moist shrubby<br />
open forest<br />
176<br />
Y Merge Group 129 and<br />
Group 130.<br />
N Very close to Group 127 so that outlier from Group 127<br />
might belong to this group – John Hunter.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
130 – Robert Payne.<br />
129 Turpentine / Sydney Blue Gum<br />
mesic tall open forest of the<br />
Central Coast ranges<br />
Merge Group 129 and<br />
Group 130.<br />
N Could be observer arterfact here – Doug Binns.<br />
May need to combine – Doug Binns.<br />
Same as Group 129 – Robert Payne.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
129 – Robert Payne.<br />
130 Sydney Blue Gum / Tupentine /<br />
Cabbage Palm moist open forest<br />
of the Central Coast<br />
N Does this relate to Group 121? – andrew Paget. Y Merge Group 132 with<br />
Group 133.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
121 – andrew Paget.<br />
Merge with Group<br />
131 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
132 Black apple / Whalebone Tree dry<br />
subtropical rainforest of foothills<br />
Merge Group 132 with<br />
Group 133.<br />
N x Requires checking. N These sites were all fairly disturbed – Doug Binns.<br />
This group is similar to Group 132 – John Hunter.<br />
Sites up in the far north-west could belong to a vine<br />
thicket community. Had trouble locating these sites in<br />
his classification work – Travis Peake.<br />
Merge groups 132 and 131? 133 are sites on the margin<br />
and disturbed – Daniel Connolly.<br />
133 Whalebone Tree / Red Kamala<br />
dry subtropical rainforest of the<br />
Lower Hunter River
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N Re-allocate eT2 to<br />
Group 131: Group 18<br />
and Group 137 are not<br />
related statistically; the<br />
two remaining sites in<br />
Group 137 could either<br />
be considered a localised<br />
‘boutique’ community or<br />
remain unallocated; I will<br />
leave them unallocated.<br />
N The northern-most site might need to be checked.<br />
Cabbage Palm does occur up in the north where the<br />
outlier is located – Steve Griffith.<br />
David Tierney – was happy with this community and the<br />
sites do represent it.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
18.<br />
137 Cabbage Palm gullies on<br />
Munmorah peninsula<br />
N Could be the same as Group 144 – andrew Paget. Y Groups 142, 143 and 144<br />
are an altitudinal and<br />
moisture gradient; don’t<br />
merge.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
144 – andrew Paget.<br />
142 New england Blackbutt /<br />
Tallowwood semi-mesic open<br />
forest at intermediate altitudes<br />
of southern North Coast<br />
Y Don’t merge; floristically<br />
distinct; no nearest<br />
nearest neighbours in<br />
Group 6; groups 142, 143<br />
and 144 are an altitudinal<br />
and moisture gradient;<br />
don’t merge.<br />
There could be one outlier in the south. How different is<br />
it to Group 6? – andrew Paget. Should it get merged?<br />
Y 1 Site south<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
N x Merge with Group 6<br />
– andrew Paget.<br />
143 Sydney Blue Gum / Tallowwood<br />
moist tall open forest at mid<br />
altitudes of the southern North<br />
Coast<br />
177<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
N The range looks good for this group. Y Groups 142, 143 and 144<br />
are an altitudinal and<br />
moisture gradient; don’t<br />
merge.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
142 – andrew Paget.<br />
144 New england Blackbutt shrubby<br />
open forest on the escarpment<br />
Y Don’t merge Group<br />
146 with Group 147;<br />
statistically different.<br />
N How does this relate to Group 147? – andrew Paget.<br />
Group 147 was definitely floristically distinct – Doug<br />
Binns.<br />
Requires checking – all.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
147 – andrew Paget.<br />
146 Messmate grassy open forest on<br />
Barrington area and tableland<br />
edge<br />
N Could this be merged with group 146? – andrew Paget. Y Don’t merge Group<br />
146 with Group 147;<br />
statistically different.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
146 – andrew Paget.<br />
147 Messmate / Saw Sedge wet ferny<br />
open forest of Barrington area
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Merge Group 148, Group<br />
153 and Group 154<br />
based on statistical and<br />
geographic similarities.<br />
N Groups 148 and 154 might all be one group – John<br />
Hunter. Leave as separate group.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
154 – John Hunter.<br />
Mountain<br />
Ribbon Gum /<br />
Brown Barrel<br />
grass / forb<br />
open forest of<br />
Barrington area<br />
and escarpment<br />
148 Forest Ribbon Gum / Brown<br />
Barrel grass / forb open forest of<br />
Barrington area and escarpment<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Merge Group 148, Group<br />
153 and Group 154<br />
based on statistical and<br />
geographic similarities.<br />
N Groups 148, 154, 155 might all be one group – John<br />
Hunter.<br />
Groups 148 and 154 might be the same – John Hunter.<br />
May need to be merged.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
148 – John Hunter.<br />
154 Messmate / Forest Ribbon<br />
Gum / New england Blackbutt<br />
shrub / grass open forest of the<br />
ranges of the Lower North Coast<br />
N Could possibly be merged<br />
with Group 45 (which<br />
now includes Group 46)<br />
or remain unallocated. I<br />
will leave unallocated at<br />
this stage.<br />
N x N Possible observer bias, high cover scores – Doug Binns.<br />
Lands owned by a prominent developer was probably<br />
done by one survey person – David Tierney.<br />
Believes it could be dubious – David Tierney.<br />
It is disturbed and on a drainage line (drainage line has<br />
been planted), it is different from other Spotted Gums<br />
community but be careful of this community group,<br />
check against local Wyong map – David Tierney.<br />
Look at local Wyong veg map to determine the veg<br />
community at this location – David Tierney.<br />
159 Spotted Gum / Brown<br />
Stringybark / paperbark;<br />
Warnervale<br />
178<br />
Y Merge Group 160, Group<br />
197, Group 198 and<br />
Group 199.<br />
This group is missing sites from the Wallum area –<br />
Hunter Councils should have sites – need to check<br />
where these sites have fallen out in the classification –<br />
Steve Griffith (check Steve’s mapping).<br />
Y ? Group is missing<br />
sites – Hunter<br />
Councils to<br />
check.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
198 and 197 – David<br />
Tierney.<br />
160 Melaleuca sieberi / Melaleuca<br />
nodosa / Red Mahogany swamp<br />
forest of the Central Coast<br />
N Groups 164 and 165 could be merged together. Merge Group 164 and<br />
Group 165.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
165.<br />
164 Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca<br />
nodosa shrubby woodland<br />
N Groups 164 and 165 could be merged together. Merge Group 164 and<br />
Group 165.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
164.<br />
165 Parramatta Red Gum / Melaleuca<br />
nodosa shrubby woodland<br />
Y Statistically distinct.<br />
N x Requires checking. N x Possibly a distinct group.<br />
Undersampled.<br />
169 Leptospermum polygalifolium /<br />
Lepyrodia leptocaulis drainage<br />
line shrubland of the western<br />
Blue Mountains<br />
Y Probably a distinct<br />
community.<br />
N N Could be ecotone community – andrew Paget, Phil G.<br />
Need to recheck – all.<br />
177 Forest Red Gum / Angophora<br />
subvelutina / grassy woodland on<br />
serpentinite at Nowendoc
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y Site WYNa1Q looks okay<br />
in this community.<br />
Could this be coast tea tree not coast wattle? – Steve<br />
Griffith. Very compressed community that does<br />
intergrade with other communities – Steve Griffith.<br />
Site Wyna1q does not fit in with this group, could be<br />
misclassified – Steve Bell.<br />
This community is a composite of two, possible complex<br />
– Steve Griffith.<br />
N x Y 1 Site WYNa1Q<br />
does not<br />
belong to this<br />
community.<br />
180 Coast Wattle / Coast Banksia /<br />
Isolepis nodosa dune low open<br />
forest<br />
Y Merge Group 182 with<br />
Group 256.<br />
N x This community is undersampled – it also exists in<br />
Bouddi NP – Robert Payne.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
256 – Robert Payne.<br />
182 Coast Banksia / Allocasuarina<br />
distyla coastal tall shrubland<br />
N Merge with 194 – Travis Peake. Y Merge Group 193 with<br />
Group 194.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
194 – Travis Peake.<br />
193 Rough-barked apple / Coast<br />
Banksia / Bracken woodland of<br />
Warkworth area<br />
179<br />
Merge Group 193 with<br />
Group 194.<br />
N This is all from one survey, combine with Group 193 –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
Check Travis Peake’s Warkworth Sands community; the<br />
survey ID throws up problems and I have never felt<br />
comfortable with this local cluster. Really need to check<br />
if there is a sand mantle remaining over Permian beds in<br />
this area. I suspect not – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
193 – Travis Peake.<br />
194 Narrow-leaved Ironbark /<br />
Blakely’s Red Gum / Bull Oak<br />
woodland of Warkworth area<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Merge Group 195 and<br />
Group 196. Fairly close<br />
statisically and close<br />
georaphically.<br />
N Robert Payne did this site. It is a hanging swamp on<br />
Hawkesbury Sandstone and it could be merged in with<br />
another group – check Group 196. Robert Payne.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
196? – Robert Payne.<br />
195 Lepyrodia scariosa / Grevillea<br />
sericea<br />
Merge Group 195 and<br />
Group 196. Fairly close<br />
statisically and close<br />
georaphically. Northern<br />
sites reallocated to Group<br />
207.<br />
N The northern sites exists in barrier flats, not on<br />
sandstone, they will align more with the Nabiac sites.<br />
This group may need to be split – Steve Griffith & Robert<br />
Payne.<br />
N x x The northern sites<br />
exist on barrier flats –<br />
Robert Payne, Steve<br />
Griffith.<br />
Merge with Group<br />
195 – Robert Payne.<br />
196 Fern-leaf Banksia / Leptocarpus<br />
tenax / Needlebush wet heath on<br />
sandstone
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Merge Group 160, Group<br />
197, Group 198 and<br />
Group 199.<br />
N This related to Group 160 and Group 198 – Doug Binns.<br />
Need to look at Steve Griffith mapping – this could help<br />
to separate or merge them together.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
160 and 198 – Doug<br />
Binns.<br />
Melaleuca<br />
sieberi /<br />
Lepyrodia<br />
scariosa heathy<br />
woodland<br />
of coastal<br />
lowlands<br />
197 Melaleuca sieberi / Lepyrodia<br />
sieberi heathy woodland of<br />
coastal lowlands<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N Groups 160 and 198 are they similar? – David Tierney. Merge Group 160, Group<br />
197, Group 198 and<br />
Group 199.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
160 and 197 – David<br />
Tierney.<br />
198 Melaleuca sieberi / Tall Sawsedge<br />
/ Matted Twig-rush wet<br />
shrubland / swamp forest<br />
Does not have<br />
Xanthorrhoea; merge<br />
Group 160, Group 197,<br />
Group 198 and Group<br />
199.<br />
N Could be merged with Group 204, if this group has<br />
Xanthorrhoea – Steve Bell. Check full species list.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
204 – Steve Bell.<br />
199 Leptocarpus tenax / Lepyrodia<br />
scariosa sedgelands of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
N Not statistically close to<br />
Group 199; close to Group<br />
216 at group level but<br />
not nearest neighbours;<br />
very localised; leave<br />
unallocated.<br />
N x This also could occur up at Lake Innes and Crowdy. Need<br />
more sampling – andrew Paget.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
199 – Steve Bell.<br />
204 Sword Sedge / Melaleuca<br />
thymifolia / grass tree sedgeland<br />
of the Central Coast<br />
180<br />
Y Southern outliers<br />
reallocated to Group 215.<br />
N Steve Griffith – stated that there could have been a bit<br />
of lumping of his work. He has given Michael notes and<br />
a reference to refer to.<br />
N x x Groups could be<br />
further split – check<br />
Steve Griffith’s work.<br />
Merge with Group<br />
214 – Robert Payne.<br />
213 Broad-leaved Paperbark / Swamp<br />
Mahogany / Swamp Oak / Saw<br />
Sedge swamp forest<br />
Y Don’t merge.<br />
N Could be merged with Group 213 – Robert Payne,<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
Could be merged with Group 219 – andrew Paget.<br />
The differences relate to the soil landscapes – Steve<br />
Griffith, look at Steve Griffith’s work. Be careful when<br />
lumping back. Steve Griffith suggested that they might<br />
be separate groups.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
219 and 213 –<br />
andrew Paget.<br />
It is not<br />
restricted to the<br />
Central Coast –<br />
Steve Griffith.<br />
214 Broad-leaved Paperbark / Saw<br />
Sedge swamp forest of coastal<br />
lowlands<br />
N Y Merge Group 215 and<br />
Group 216; northern sites<br />
reallocated to Group 213.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
216 – Robert Payne.<br />
215 Swamp Mahogany / M. linariifolia<br />
swamp forest of coastal<br />
lowlands<br />
Merge Group 215 and<br />
Group 216.<br />
N Group 216 can be grouped with Group 215 – Robert<br />
Payne.<br />
Is this one observer? Lump with Group 215 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
215 – Robert Payne.<br />
216 Swamp Mahogany / Melaleuca<br />
linearifolia / Water Couch swamp<br />
forest of the Central Coast
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y Don’t merge.<br />
N Could be merged with groups 213 and 214 but before<br />
lumping back check the soil landscape mapping as you<br />
will find that they exist on different substrates.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
214 and 213 –<br />
andrew Paget.<br />
219 Swamp Mahogany / Swamp<br />
Water Fern / Plume Rush swamp<br />
forest<br />
Y<br />
N x Requires checking. N This extends right along the North Coast – Steve Griffith.<br />
They could be split into two different groups based on<br />
the grass type – Steve Griffith (check Steve’s comments<br />
and mapping).<br />
Could be an ecotone – John Hunter.<br />
Robert Payne – believes that it should be kept as one<br />
group, might be difficult to map.<br />
223 Water Couch / Spike rush<br />
freshwater wetland of the<br />
Central Coast and Lower Hunter<br />
N Okay – Daniel Connolly. Y Statistically it makes more<br />
sense to merge Group<br />
225, Group 226 and<br />
Group 227 into one large<br />
Smooth-barked apple<br />
group (called Group<br />
225) and keep Group 34<br />
separate as a small nearcoastal<br />
group.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
227 – Robert Payne,<br />
Steve Bell.<br />
225 Smooth-barked apple / Red<br />
Bloodwood / Kangaroo Grass<br />
shrub / grass open forest of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
181<br />
227 Smooth-barked apple /<br />
Kangaroo Grass / Wiry Panic<br />
shrub / grass open forest of the<br />
Central Coast foothills<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Statistically it makes more<br />
sense to merge groups<br />
225, 226 and 227 into<br />
one large Smooth-barked<br />
apple group (called<br />
Group 225) and keep<br />
Group 34 separate as a<br />
small near-coastal group.<br />
Outlier PTY03N7M left<br />
unallocated.<br />
This group is very similar to Group 225, however, if they<br />
are quite floristically distinct then they should remain as<br />
two groups – Robert Payne & Steve Bell.<br />
There is a couple of outliers, especially the one to the<br />
west; merge with Group 226 – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y 2 West of main<br />
distribution<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
225 – Robert Payne,<br />
Steve Bell.<br />
Merge with Group<br />
226 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
Y Merge groups 233, 280<br />
and 281.<br />
N There seems to be a lot of sparsiofolia groups – these<br />
groups may need to be checked to see if they could be<br />
merged together – Steve Bell; will check these sites but<br />
they are very species poor from memory.<br />
N x Merge with other E.<br />
sparsifolia groups –<br />
Steve Bell.<br />
233 E. sparsifolia / Large-fruited Grey<br />
Gum shrubby open forest of<br />
northern Wollemi NP
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Merge Group 236 with<br />
Group 237.<br />
N Check Yengo data set. Judging by the very low cover<br />
scores it looks like you have an incorrect dataset<br />
from somewhere. Will get out a revised one – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
237 – andrew Paget.<br />
236 Yellow Bloodwood / Narrowleaved<br />
apple heathy woodland<br />
on Hawkesbury Sandstone<br />
Merge Group 236 with<br />
Group 237.<br />
N Similar to Group 236 – andrew Paget. Could be merged;<br />
some sites should merge with Group 236 when<br />
repaired.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
236 – andrew Paget.<br />
Some sites should<br />
merge with Group<br />
236 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
237 Yellow Bloodwood / Red<br />
Bloodwood heathy woodland<br />
on Hawkesbury Sandstone<br />
N Y Don’t merge Group<br />
242 with Group 299; no<br />
nearest neighbours and<br />
other groups closer.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
299 – Steve Bell.<br />
242 Whipstick Mallee ash heathy<br />
mallee woodland of central<br />
Wollemi NP<br />
Y Merge Group 244 with<br />
Group 243 as suggested<br />
although not statistically<br />
close. Probably a mosaic<br />
on and around sandstone<br />
pavements.<br />
N Similar to the Whipstick / Mallee group. Very hard to<br />
sample as they are so small – Robert Payne. Could be<br />
merged into 2nd Whipstick Mallee group – Robert<br />
Payne.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
243 – Robert Payne.<br />
244 Baeckea brevifolia sandstone<br />
pavement heath of southern<br />
Central Coast<br />
182<br />
Y Don’t merge; complex<br />
statistical relationships<br />
between these groups<br />
and difficult to merge in a<br />
logical way.<br />
N This could belong to the other Smooth-bark apple<br />
groups. Could merge with Group 255.<br />
are the haemostoma and raemosa grouped in together?<br />
E. raemosa is distributed in the north and E. haemostoma<br />
is distributed in the south. They could represent<br />
separate groups – Steve Griffith.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
255.<br />
Scribbly Gum<br />
species? Be<br />
careful with<br />
the name of<br />
Scribbly Gum<br />
communites<br />
as there are<br />
two species –<br />
haemostoma<br />
and raemosa.<br />
250 Smooth-barked apple / Red<br />
Bloodwood grass / shrub<br />
woodland of Central Coast<br />
lowlands<br />
N Sites reallocated to Group<br />
263.<br />
N Check species name. N Dactyloides to another species name – Steve Bell.<br />
Speak to Doug; single observer why not grouping with<br />
other sand mass? – Daniel Connolly.<br />
253 Finger Hakea / Xanthorrhoea<br />
latifolia coastal heath of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y 2 ? Two outliers. Y Don’t merge; complex<br />
statistical relationships<br />
between these groups<br />
and difficult to merge<br />
in a logical way; outliers<br />
reallocated.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
250.<br />
255 Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood<br />
heath woodland of coastal<br />
lowlands
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Merge Group 182 with<br />
Group 256.<br />
N Similar to Group 182, exist in similar environments,<br />
the only difference is that Group 182 includes Wallum<br />
species – Robert Payne.<br />
Community does exist in Crowdy – andrew Paget.<br />
Single observer? – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
182 – Robert Payne.<br />
256 Dwarf Casuarina / Wallum<br />
Banksia coastal heath of coastal<br />
headlands of Central Coast<br />
Y Merge groups 257, 258<br />
and 259.<br />
N Munmorah data suspect problems here – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
258 and 259.<br />
257 Dwarf Casuarina / Wedding<br />
Bush coastal heath on coastal<br />
headlands of the southern<br />
Central Coast<br />
Merge groups 257, 258<br />
and 259.<br />
N Should groups 258 and 259 be merged together? –<br />
andrew Paget, Robert Payne.<br />
Should groups 258 and 257 be merged? – Steve Bell.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
257 and 259.<br />
258 Wallum Banksia heath on sands<br />
of the Lower North Coast<br />
Merge groups 257, 258<br />
and 259.<br />
N Should groups 258 and 259 be merged together? –<br />
andrew Paget, Robert Payne.<br />
This group could just be a bit closer to the beach.<br />
N x Merge with groups<br />
257 and 258.<br />
259 Monotoca elliptica / Wallum<br />
Banksia heath on coastal sands<br />
Y Don’t merge; groups<br />
261, 262, 263 and 264<br />
have complex statistical<br />
relationships.<br />
N Similar to Group 264 – andrew Paget.<br />
Merge this group but check the environmental variables<br />
– one exists on holocene and the other exists on<br />
polocene – Steve Griffith.<br />
Check geology and other abiotic factors before merging<br />
– all.<br />
Munmorah data suspect problems here, otherwise tight<br />
group – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
264 – andrew Paget.<br />
261 Smooth-barked apple /<br />
Blackbutt / Old Man Banksia<br />
coastal sands woodland<br />
183<br />
Y Umina Sands eeC.<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
N Requires checking. N This group could be merged with a Podocarpus group<br />
(299) – Steve Bell.<br />
Should be careful lumping this group with other groups<br />
(299) – Steve Griffith.<br />
Group is very different floristically – Doug Binns.<br />
Maybe this group could be linked with the Umina sand<br />
sites – Robert Payne.<br />
It is quite distinctive – Steve Griffith.<br />
262 Old Man Banksia / Rough-barked<br />
apple / Bangalay shrubby open<br />
forest on coastal sand<br />
Y Resticted to Nelson Bay<br />
area; probably mainly<br />
on bedrock rather<br />
sands; possibly a distinct<br />
community.<br />
N Similar to Group 261 – andrew Paget.<br />
Merge this group but check the environmental variables<br />
– one exists on holocene and the other exists on<br />
polocene.<br />
all agreed; single observer check you have full Tomaree<br />
data. Seems odd that this is not grouping with Group<br />
262 – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
261 – andrew Paget.<br />
264 Smooth-barked apple / Blackbutt<br />
heathy open forest
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Merge Group 274 with<br />
Group 276.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
N x Requires checking. Y ecotone, highly degraded sites, Travis did some work<br />
for this survey – not completely happy with these sites<br />
– Travis Peake.<br />
It is on Jurasic sandstone which could pull out a<br />
different community type – Travis Peake.<br />
Could be merged with Group 276 – Doug Binns.<br />
Towarri did have a different vegetation type from other<br />
places in the HCLNC study area but definitely need to<br />
reconsider this group – Travis Peake.<br />
274 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black<br />
Pine / Cassinia arcuata heathy<br />
open forest in Turrell State<br />
Forest<br />
N Y Merge groups 233, 280<br />
and 281.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
281 – Steve Bell,<br />
Doug Binns.<br />
280 Large-fruited Grey Gum / E.<br />
sparsifolia / Persoonia linearis<br />
shrubby open forest in northeast<br />
Wollemi NP<br />
Merge groups 233, 280<br />
and 281.<br />
N This could belong to Group 280 – Steve Bell & Doug<br />
Binns.<br />
May need to merge; exclude as these are all immediately<br />
after fire monitoring sites – Daniel Connolly.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
280 – Steve Bell,<br />
Doug Binns.<br />
281 E. sparsifolia / Large-fruited Grey<br />
Gum<br />
Y Merge groups 283 and<br />
284.<br />
N x Requires checking. N Steve Bell can remember seeing places that are<br />
dominated by Acrotriche rigida. May need to reallocate.<br />
284 Acrotriche rigida / Burrawang / E.<br />
nubila / White Box shrubby<br />
woodland<br />
184<br />
Y Don’t merge.<br />
N Might need to merge with Group 300 – Steve Bell, Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
300 – Steve Bell,<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
286 Brown Bloodwood / Dwyer’s<br />
Red Gum heathy woodland<br />
of northern Wollemi NP and<br />
Goulburn River NP<br />
Y Merge groups 291 and<br />
292.<br />
N Relationship with Group 292 – Doug Binns. Merge<br />
Group 292 with Group 291.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
292 – all.<br />
291 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Red<br />
Ironbark shrubby woodland in<br />
Goulburn River NP<br />
N Merge groups 291 and<br />
292.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
291 – all.<br />
292 Red Ironbark / Black<br />
Pine / Allocasuarina gymnanthera<br />
heathy woodland in Goulburn<br />
River NP<br />
Y Don’t merge Group<br />
242 with Group 299; no<br />
nearest neighbours and<br />
other groups closer.<br />
N This was completed by one observer and could be<br />
merged into Group 242 – Steve Bell.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
242 – Steve Bell.<br />
299 Yertchuck / Large-fruited Grey<br />
Gum heathy woodland of<br />
northern Wollemi<br />
Y Merge groups 285 and<br />
300; one site reallocated<br />
to Group 286.<br />
N There should be more sites that belong to this<br />
community – Steve Bell. Could be merged with Group<br />
286 possibly? Check out all sites, as it is very odd that<br />
they have split off from the other communites.<br />
N x Merge with Group<br />
286 – Steve Bell,<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
300 Brown Bloodwood / Paperbark<br />
Tea Tree / Allocasuarina distylla<br />
heathy woodland in northern<br />
Wollemi NP
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y CSN33POF unallocated;<br />
only one site in group and<br />
I don’t have the floristic<br />
data for it.<br />
The site at Cessnock does not belong to this community,<br />
remove it – Steve Bell.<br />
This is deep-water community, not saline water – Robert<br />
Payne.<br />
N Y 1 Site located<br />
at Cessnock<br />
(CSN33POF).<br />
302 Philydrum<br />
lanuginosum / Sporobolus<br />
virginicus wetland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
3 Sydney Blue Gum / New england<br />
Blackbutt / Whitetop Box<br />
shrub / grass open forest of the<br />
Lower North Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N Interesting only this site grouped with northern where<br />
are other Barrington flootslope acemnoides sites?<br />
5 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Narrowleaved<br />
White Mahogany<br />
shrub / grass open forest on<br />
slopes of Barrington area<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
8 Forest Oak / Thin-leaved<br />
Stringybark / Grey Gum shrub /<br />
grass open forest of escarpment<br />
of Lower North Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N This could be a disturbance artefact – Doug Binns.<br />
There is no overstorey species to link it with other<br />
groups – Doug Binns.<br />
It looks like Themeda is pulling it together. This should<br />
remain as a separate group – Doug Binns and John<br />
Hunter, Dominic Sivertsen.<br />
Should be merged with another group – David Tierney<br />
and andrew Paget.<br />
The mapped community should show its association<br />
with other groups but it should be kept as a separate<br />
group in the classification – Dominic Sivertsen, most<br />
others agreed.<br />
This is an odd cluster here, doesn’t match anything<br />
I know in field. Seems to cover a range of disparate<br />
habitats. Suspect highly disturbed or burnt sites with<br />
low species numbers perhaps large number of rapid<br />
sites – Robert Payne check with Daniel Connolly.<br />
11 Mixed overstorey Themeda<br />
Imperata / Lomandra longifolia<br />
185<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Sites reallocated.<br />
Y N x This also exists further north near Kariong. This<br />
community is very tiny, just exists on rocky outcrops –<br />
Robert Payne.<br />
This is a distinctive group; suspect this will form two<br />
communites based on northern Sydney Narabeen soils<br />
with Pittwater Spotted Gum community extending<br />
across into Patonga and an open Costata / paniculata<br />
forest on other areas – Daniel Connolly.<br />
12 Sydney Sandstone heath<br />
probably more extensive in<br />
Sydney metro
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y N This group came out as a distinct group in Steve Bell<br />
classification work – Steve Bell; possible but highly<br />
localised and not grouping with similar communities.<br />
Has Munmorah and Pinney data that adds to concern.<br />
13 Spotted Gum / Grey Ironbark dry<br />
open forest Central Coast and<br />
Lower Hunter<br />
Y<br />
Y N These are all Steve Bell sites on reserve. Community<br />
exists but probably should group with Group 14 (or<br />
good sites within Group 14) – Daniel Connolly.<br />
15 Spotted Gum moist shrubby<br />
open forest<br />
Y Y 2 ? There is a couple of outliers. Y Outliers reallocated or<br />
unallocated.<br />
16 Forest Oak / Smooth-barked<br />
apple / Blackbutt open forest<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
17 Tallowwood / Smooth-barked<br />
apple / Forest Oak shrub / grass<br />
open forest<br />
19 Cladium procerum wetland Y N Steve Griffith – definitely a distinct group. Y<br />
Y N Group is distinctive – andrew Paget. Y<br />
20 Blue Mountains ash shrubby<br />
open forest on rocky slopes<br />
Y<br />
Y N This group looks not right – andrew Paget.<br />
Group is a distinct group – Steve Griffith (Steve’s opinion<br />
accepted).<br />
21 Pink Bloodwood / Red<br />
Mahogany / Acacia leiocalyx<br />
186<br />
Y<br />
Y N New Yengo data will clarify this group if you want to<br />
split gullies and sheltered slopes of Hunter range –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
22 Large-fruited Grey Gum /<br />
Mountain Blue Gum / Forest Oak<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
23 Large-fruited Grey Gum /<br />
Smooth-barked apple / Blueleaved<br />
Stringybark semi-mesic<br />
shrub / grass<br />
Y<br />
Y N always troubled by this data. Single observer, localised.<br />
It’s a community but no relationship with similar to west<br />
and east – Daniel Connolly.<br />
24 Rough-barked apple / Forest Oak<br />
herb / grass open forest<br />
Y Outliers reallocated.<br />
Two outliers – sites GSP1Da7V aLLWOLL and csn15b3m<br />
ReMSCe. These outliers might belong to Group 128.<br />
There is a lot of Turpentine on the CC and groups may<br />
be distinguised by understorey – David Tierney.<br />
This a regional scheme – Doug Binns.<br />
If you want a local scheme you will need to do the<br />
analysis again; yes the community makes sense<br />
broadly but I suspect that some of the sites in sheltered<br />
positions west of the Hunter range are hinterland<br />
forests rather than coastal escarpment forests – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
Y Y 2 Outliers could<br />
belong to<br />
Group 128.<br />
Turpentine is<br />
not conspicous<br />
– the Red gum<br />
is the main<br />
component of<br />
this group –<br />
Robert Payne.<br />
26 Turpentine / Forest Oak moist<br />
shrubby open forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Outlier reallocated to<br />
Group 36.<br />
Check out the Goulburn River site it could be an outlier<br />
– MMS GOULRIV.<br />
This group is floristically distinct from a similar group<br />
Y Y 1 Goulburn River<br />
site – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
28 River Oak / Grey Myrtle riparian Upper Hunter<br />
River Oak?<br />
located in the south of the study area – Travis Peake.<br />
Y N x Thought this group would be more widespread – Steve Y<br />
Bell.<br />
Definitely not observer bias as it has been surveyed by<br />
different surveyors – Travis Peake. Should keep this as a<br />
separate group – Travis Peake.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
29 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey<br />
Myrtle / E. sparsifolia / Rusty Fig<br />
30 Rusty Fig / Alectryon subcinereus<br />
dry rainforest of the Central<br />
Hunter Valley<br />
Y Some sites re-unallocated.<br />
x This group is spread across different environments –<br />
Steve Bell. The sites down on the valley floor should not<br />
be located there. These sites could be merged into the<br />
Valley Floor Box group – Steve Bell.<br />
No sites located in the Greater Taree area, however, it<br />
Y Y ? Sites on valley<br />
floor could be<br />
merged into<br />
Valley Floor Box<br />
group.<br />
32 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Grey<br />
Box<br />
exists there as an ecotone – andrew Paget.<br />
Y Outlier (CRB89)<br />
reallocated to Group 1.<br />
Site up in the Ne of the distribution at Greta – this could<br />
be an outlier.<br />
Sites on sandstone country represent this community –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
Ferny moist herbaceous basalts and alluvium couple of<br />
Y Y 1 Site Ne of main<br />
distribution<br />
(Greta) – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
33 Grey Myrtle / Mountain Blue Gum<br />
ferny gully forest<br />
187<br />
odd easterly sites in this group – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Wollemi sites reallocated;<br />
southern sites not<br />
reallocated.<br />
Possibly two outliers in the very south of the study area<br />
– David Tierney.<br />
another outlier in the north on the valley floor – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
There is a northern Wollemi community that they might<br />
relate to – Doug Binns. alluvial moist; check ouliers –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
35 Lilly Pilly marginal warm<br />
temperate of the Central Coast<br />
and Lower Hunter Valley<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Y 3 Sites in the very<br />
south of the<br />
study area –<br />
David Tierney.<br />
Site in the north<br />
on the valley<br />
floor – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
36 Grey Myrtle dry rainforest of<br />
sheltered sandstone gullies in<br />
northern Wollemi NP<br />
Y eastern sites<br />
un / reallocated.<br />
There are sites in the east that might not belong to this<br />
community as they will be influenced by coastal climatic<br />
factors. These sites should be reallocated – Travis Peake.<br />
any groups with Backhousia in it will be difficult to<br />
Y Y ? Sites located in<br />
the east – Travis<br />
Peake.<br />
Grey<br />
Myrtle / Largefruited<br />
Grey<br />
Gum gully<br />
rainforest<br />
37 Grey Myrtle / Large-fruited Grey<br />
gully rainforest<br />
classify – Steve Bell.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
42 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Roughbarked<br />
apple open forest
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes Final notes<br />
Y N No further comments. Y Merged with Group 46.<br />
Group<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
45 Spotted Gum / Red Ironbark<br />
shrub / grass open forest<br />
Y Cessnock site okay.<br />
This community is located on the north-eastern side of<br />
the gully – Travis Peake.<br />
Group is distinct – Travis Peake.<br />
Maybe check to see if Cessnock site is an outlier, Steve<br />
Bell thinks that it could be alright but just double check<br />
Y Y 1 Site located<br />
at ellalong<br />
(remsce,<br />
qr626p7f).<br />
47 Spotted Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark shrub / grass open<br />
forest<br />
it – Steve Bell.<br />
Y<br />
Y N Community okay but delete persoonia and Rothbury –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
51 Red Ironbark / paperbark<br />
shrubby open forest<br />
Y<br />
Y N Daniel and Teresa sites, located in the upper part of the<br />
valley that gets some coastal influence, this is a distinct<br />
52 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Mock<br />
Olive shrubby open forest<br />
group – Travis Peake.<br />
Y<br />
Y N Located on higher elevated areas, a distinct group –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
Lump with Group 52 single observer David Tierney? –<br />
53 White Box / Silvertop Stringybark<br />
shrubby open forest Central<br />
Hunter<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y<br />
Y N This is found in gullies – a distinct group – Travis Peake,<br />
Steve Bell.<br />
54 Blakely’s Red Gum / Narrowleaved<br />
Ironbark shrubby<br />
188<br />
woodland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
55 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Largefruited<br />
Grey Gum shrubby open<br />
forest on sandstone<br />
Y<br />
Y N These sites all exists on basalt – Steve Bell.<br />
Distinct group – Travis Peake & Steve Bell.<br />
56 White Box and various<br />
overstorey<br />
Y Groups 58 and 59<br />
statistically distinct; these<br />
acacia scrubs are a bit of a<br />
problem; are they actually<br />
separate communities.<br />
Keep as separate<br />
communities.<br />
x Is a separate community but not just restricted to this<br />
location – Travis Peake. One outlier in the south to see if<br />
it fits – Travis Peake.<br />
Possibly could lump the Group 59 into acacia scrubs? –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y 1 Site south<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
(does it contain<br />
A. binervia?)<br />
Y Possbly could lump<br />
Group 59 into acacia<br />
scrubs?<br />
58 Acacia binervia / Native Mock<br />
Olive<br />
Y N No further comments. Y Acacia bulgaensis has a<br />
restricted distribution.<br />
Groups 58 and 59<br />
statistically distinct; these<br />
acacia scrubs are a bit of a<br />
problem; are they actually<br />
separate communities.<br />
Keep as separate<br />
communities.<br />
59 Acacia bulgaensis low closed<br />
forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y Northern sites dominated<br />
by Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark but no Callitris<br />
endlicheri; keep with<br />
group on nearest<br />
Distinct group – Steve Lewer.<br />
The three up in the north might be outliers – Steve Bell.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y Y 3 Sites north<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
(CRa / lnesites).<br />
Black pine in<br />
the title but not<br />
a diagnostic<br />
species.<br />
63 Narrow-leaved Ironark / Black<br />
Pine dry shrub / grass woodland<br />
neighbours basis.<br />
Y Merge groups 64 and 66.<br />
Northern sites reallocated<br />
to Group 52.<br />
Is structurally different to Group 66 – Travis Peake. Sites<br />
in the north might be outliers – Travis Peake (MR sites<br />
might not belong to this group).<br />
Y Y ? Sites north<br />
of main<br />
distribution (MR<br />
sites).<br />
64 Grey Box / Slaty Box shrubby<br />
woodland<br />
Y N Is structurally different to Group 64 – Tavis Peake. Merge groups 64 and 66.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
66 Grey Box / Slaty Box shrub / grass<br />
woodland<br />
70 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Bull<br />
Oak shrub / grass open forest<br />
Y<br />
Y N This is Dave Thomas’s work, out at Singleton army<br />
Base. The base does seem to be a separate community,<br />
and Travis struggled to know what to do with it in his<br />
classification – Travis Peake.<br />
Could be a disturbance artefact – Travis Peake; however,<br />
other communites influenced by disturbance have<br />
remained as a separate community in their own right.<br />
72 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Grey<br />
Box / Spotted Gum grassy open<br />
forest<br />
189<br />
all agreed with Travis Peake’s comment.<br />
Y<br />
Y N x The community is there but it could be associated with<br />
disturbance – Steve Bell.<br />
Travis Peake separated it out in his work – Travis Peake.<br />
Keep it as a separate group – all.<br />
Don’t leave<br />
Warkworth in<br />
the title as it<br />
occurs in more<br />
areas.<br />
73 Bull Oak grassy woodland in the<br />
Warkworth area<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
N This was a very disparate<br />
group; reallocated or<br />
unallocated.<br />
Yengo site will be located on a basalt cap with<br />
sandstone below. How does this fit in with other sites?<br />
– Steve Lewer.<br />
all other sites are on alluvial – Steve Lewer.<br />
Sites in the far north are on serpentinite (North Coast<br />
private property). This is a distinct group. Look at the<br />
geology for all sites to determine if they belong to this<br />
group; highly disturbed Hunter floodplain probably<br />
should lump with River Reds sites – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Y ? Look at the<br />
geology for<br />
all sites to<br />
determine if<br />
they belong to<br />
this group.<br />
75 Forest Red Gum / Austrostipa<br />
verticellata grassy woodland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Y<br />
Definite group – Steve Lewer, Dominic Sivertsen.<br />
There should be more plots that exist in with this<br />
community – Steve Lewer.<br />
76 Swamp Oak grassy riparian<br />
forest of the Central Hunter<br />
82 Yellow Box / Rough-barked apple<br />
grassy woodland<br />
Y Y Group is missing<br />
sites – Hunter<br />
Councils to<br />
check.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y<br />
84 River Oak western Hunter Y N This community is located in Brigalow Belt South –<br />
Steve Lewer.<br />
Separate community – all.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y<br />
Y N x This is all one property, Steve Lewer’s site, definitely<br />
Yellow Box on it – Steve Lewer. They are higher in the<br />
landscape than where you expect to find Group 82 –<br />
Steve Lewer. Probably poorly sampled – Steve Lewer. a<br />
separate community – Steve Lewer.<br />
85 Yellow Box grassy woodland /<br />
derived grassland<br />
Y N Found just on one property – Steve Lewer. Y<br />
87 Plains Grass–derived grassland Not a derived<br />
grassland, it is<br />
a Plains Grass–<br />
dominated<br />
community –<br />
Steve Lewer.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y Merged with groups 79<br />
and 91.<br />
89 Rough-barked apple grass / forb<br />
riparian open forest<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
94 Ribbon Gum / Acacia<br />
parramattensis shrubby open<br />
forest<br />
190<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
95 Silvertop Stringybark / Boxthorn<br />
on basalt<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
96 Monkey Gum / Eucalyptus<br />
blaxlandii shrubby open forest<br />
on basalt of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Y For want of more<br />
clarification I can only say<br />
accept this community.<br />
Y Y ? FTG sites. FT sites seem to be incorrect, species recorded in the<br />
sites don’t actually occur in that location. Check sites<br />
with E. polyanthemos, does it grow on sandstone? –<br />
Travis Peake. Check to see if there is any other White Box<br />
basalt cap sites that they could be merged with – Travis<br />
Peake. Overall the communtiy does seem to be okay –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
97 White Box / Red Box shrubby<br />
woodland on sandstone<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
98 White Box / Blackthorn shrubby<br />
woodland of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Y<br />
Y N Southern sites might be outliers – andrew Paget.<br />
all sites occur on basalt – Doug Binns.<br />
Could be similar to Group 101- andrew Paget.<br />
Doug Binns, John Hunter and Travis Peake believe this is<br />
a distinct group.<br />
99 Forest Ribbon Gum / Silvertop<br />
Stringybark / Snow Gum / Snow<br />
Grass open forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Group<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
100 Silvertop Stringybark / Snow<br />
Grass grassy open forest of<br />
eastern Liverpool Range<br />
Y<br />
Y N Most agree that this should be a separate group; very<br />
similar to eastern Liverpool Range. Grass cover scores<br />
very high in groups 99 and 100 – Daniel Connolly.<br />
101 Silvertop Stringybark / Forest<br />
Ribbon Gum grass forb tall open<br />
forest<br />
Some sites may need to be reallocated – Doug Binns. Y Sites look okay in nearest<br />
neighbours.<br />
Y Y ? Some sites<br />
need to be<br />
reallocated –<br />
Doug Binns.<br />
102 Rough-barked apple / Tree<br />
Violet grass / forb open forest on<br />
sheltered sites of the Liverpool<br />
Range<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
104 Silvertop Stringybark / Tussock<br />
Grass grassy open forest of the<br />
northern Upper Hunter<br />
Y N Travis Peake – very happy with this group. Y<br />
108 White Box shrubby woodland<br />
with Semi-evergreen Vine<br />
Thicket elements near<br />
Glenbawn Dam<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
109 Sassafras / Prickly ash warm<br />
temperate rainforest<br />
191<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
110 Rosewood / Churnwood subtropical<br />
rainforest southern<br />
slopes of Barrington area<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
111 Socketwood / Lilly Pilly dry<br />
subtropical rainforest in Towarri<br />
NP and Cedar Brush NR<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
112 antarctic Beech / Sassafras<br />
cool temperate rainforest in<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Barrington area<br />
Y<br />
Y N Only two sites, might only be a minor variant of Sassfras<br />
communities – Doug Binns.<br />
Community exists on basalt, it is geographical distinct.<br />
113 Sassafras warm temperate<br />
rainforest<br />
Keep as a separate community – all.<br />
Y<br />
Y N This is mainly just one surveyor – Doug Binns. Similar to<br />
Group 109 – Doug Binns.<br />
This is a distinct community – John Hunter.<br />
114 Sassafras / Grey Possumwood<br />
warm temperate<br />
Y N x It also exists up in Dingo Tops, not been sampled – Y<br />
andrew Paget.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
115 Black Olive Berry cool temperate<br />
forest<br />
116 Lilly Pilly / Sydney Blue Gum<br />
wet sclerophyl / rainforest<br />
widespread
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes Final notes<br />
Y N No further comments. Y Merged with Group 118.<br />
Group<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
117 Sandpaper Fig / Whalebone Tree<br />
warm temperate rainforest<br />
119 Bangalow Palm / Coachwood /<br />
Sassafras gully rainforest of the<br />
Central Coast Palm forest<br />
Group<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Y N x This could possibly go into another group – Doug Binns. Y<br />
This is on a wide gully floor, alluvial, undersampled –<br />
Robert Payne.<br />
everybody happy to keep this as a separate group.<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
120 Jackwood / Lilly Pilly riparian<br />
rainforest of the Central Coast<br />
122 Lilly Pilly / Coachwood sandstone<br />
gully warm temperate rainforest<br />
in the Watagans<br />
One outlier in the south CMWaT00 SFDaTa. Y Outlier reallocated to<br />
Group 129.<br />
Y Y 1 Sites south<br />
of main<br />
distribution.<br />
Outlier could<br />
belong to<br />
Group 127 –<br />
John Hunter.<br />
127 Tallowwood / Brush Box / Sydney<br />
Blue Gum moist shrubby tall<br />
open forest of Lower North<br />
Coast foothills<br />
192<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
128 Small-fruited Grey Gum /<br />
Turpentine / Tallowwood moist<br />
open forest of the Lower North<br />
Coast foothills<br />
Y<br />
N x There might be a community on the valley floor which<br />
might be undersampled and does not appear in the<br />
scheme. Site just west of Wallis Lake belongs to this<br />
Y Merge with Group<br />
132 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
131 Flooded Gum / Brush Box /<br />
Tallowwood mesic tall open<br />
forest of the Lower North Coast<br />
group – Steve Griffith.<br />
foothills<br />
Y<br />
135 Shatterwood dry rainforest Y N x Could be an ecotone – andrew Paget.<br />
This is a distinct group – Doug Binns, Steve Griffith.<br />
There is not many plot samples, however, this<br />
community is quite extensive. You will find it in a Floyd<br />
and Steve Griffith survey work which were transects.<br />
Y<br />
136 Brown Myrtle dry rainforest Y N x There are only eight plots, should it be merged into<br />
something else, could be disturbance related – David<br />
Tierney.<br />
Robert Payne, Steve Bell and Steve Griffith would keep it<br />
as a separate group.<br />
It should be up in the Greater Taree area – Tanomi and<br />
also in Cape York or Hawke in the Great Lakes.<br />
Y<br />
Y N x It should appear in the Greater Taree area – however,<br />
its range in this area is very narrow. Group could be<br />
undersampled – andrew Paget & Robert Payne.<br />
141 Tuckeroo / Coast Banksia littoral<br />
rainforest and coastal low open<br />
forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Group<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Narrow-leaved<br />
Peppermint<br />
/ Mountain<br />
Ribbon Gum<br />
grassy open<br />
forest of<br />
the eastern<br />
Tablelands<br />
145 Narrow-leaved Peppermint<br />
grassy open forest of the eastern<br />
Tablelands<br />
Y N These site exists on a basalt cap, quite distinct – John Y<br />
Hunter (John Hunter completed the plot work with<br />
Paul S).<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
149 New england Blackbutt / Forest<br />
Ribbon Gum moist grass / forb<br />
open forest<br />
150 Snow Gum / Black Sallee wet<br />
grassland / heath on Barrington<br />
plateau<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
151 Snow Gum / Tasmannia<br />
purpurascens grassy open forest<br />
on Barrington plateau<br />
Y<br />
Y N Is this group different to a group located at Barrington?<br />
– Doug Binns. Could be observer bias?<br />
There was no obvious reason to merge with another<br />
152 Mountain Gum / Snow Gum<br />
grassy open forest in Ben Halls<br />
Gap<br />
193<br />
group so they will remain separate.<br />
Y Merge groups 148,<br />
153 and 154 based on<br />
statistical and geographic<br />
similarities.<br />
Y N Might be a bit of a disturbance issue – Doug Binns.<br />
The group was accepted as a separate community<br />
– Most.<br />
Y<br />
Y N Groups 148, 154 and 155 might all be one group – John<br />
Hunter. Leave as separate groups.<br />
153 Silvertop Stringybark / Bracken<br />
grassy open forst of eastern<br />
Liverpool Range and Barrington<br />
area<br />
155 Mountain Gum / Brown<br />
Barrel / Snow Gum shrub / grass<br />
open forest of northern<br />
Barrington area<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
156 Messmate / Silvertop<br />
Stringybark /Tussock Grass<br />
shrub / grass open forest of<br />
western Barrington area<br />
Y<br />
Y N Could this be merged with Group 158? – andrew Paget.<br />
all agreed not to merge Group 158 with Group 157,<br />
157 Melaleuca nodosa paperbark<br />
swamp forest on poorly drained<br />
keep them separate.<br />
soils of the Central Coast<br />
Y<br />
One of Steve Griffith sites should be moved back to<br />
Group 157 – it is not on an undulating site and does not<br />
exist in the Central coast; lump groups 158 and 159? –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Y 1 Site completed<br />
by Steve Griffith.<br />
Needs to be<br />
reallocated to<br />
Group 157 –<br />
Steve Griffith.<br />
This runs right<br />
up the coast, so<br />
not just Central<br />
Coast<br />
158 Melaleuca nodosa paperbark<br />
woodland / shrubland on<br />
undulating areas of the Central<br />
Coast
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y N example of this community is located on the southwestern<br />
side of Wallis Lake – Steve Griffith.<br />
This is a distinct group – Steve Griffith.<br />
162 Smooth-barked apple / White<br />
Stringybark / Melaleuca sieberi<br />
shrubby open forest<br />
Y N Check Steve Bell – Daniel Connolly. Y<br />
163 Paperbarks / Woollybutt swamp<br />
forest on the Central Coast<br />
Y<br />
This is a distinct group – Robert Payne. There is a site at<br />
Blue Haven that should be found in this group – Steve<br />
Bell.<br />
Y Y 1 Site at Blue<br />
Haven that<br />
should be<br />
located in this<br />
group – Steve<br />
Bell. Check<br />
database.<br />
166 Parramatta Red Gum swamp<br />
forest on the Central Coast<br />
Y<br />
Plots are completed by Robert Payne annually for<br />
environment australia – Robert Payne. This is a regrowth<br />
site – Robert Payne. This is a sporadic veg type that<br />
contains native species. You should keep as a separate<br />
community – Robert Payne.<br />
It is quite distinct from E. camfieldii community located<br />
on Hawkesbury Sandstone. Is this too localised for a<br />
region scale scheme? – Travis Peake. There should be<br />
other sites that belong to this community, Michael will<br />
check to see where these fall out – Travis Peake.<br />
Keep as separate group – Most.<br />
168 E. camfieldii Y Y Group is missing<br />
sites – Hunter<br />
Councils to<br />
check.<br />
Check Norah<br />
Heads E.<br />
camfieldii sites<br />
in ReMS data.<br />
194<br />
Y<br />
Y N x This was separated into a community in Travis’s work<br />
– Travis Peake. Blakeyi on drainage depressions is a<br />
community that is undersampled – Travis Peake. Keep it<br />
as a separate community – Travis Peake.<br />
170 Blakely’s Red Gum / Roughbarked<br />
apple shrubby<br />
woodland<br />
Y N Good community – Doug Binns. Y<br />
175 Acacia obtusifolia outcrop<br />
shrublands of Lower North<br />
Coast ranges<br />
Y<br />
Located on shallow rocky soils – John Hunter.<br />
Recorded Xanthorrhoea glauca with the spinifex – Travis<br />
Peake. There might be another set of sites that might<br />
belong in this community – Travis Peake. This is on<br />
sandstone – Travis Peake. X. johnsoni does not look good<br />
(it might actually be X. glauca) but all other species look<br />
like they belong – check the specimens – Travis Peake.<br />
Good group but just check and this is not extensively<br />
sampled.<br />
Y Y Hunter Councils<br />
to check<br />
specimen from<br />
RBCS work.<br />
176 Tumbledown Red Gum / Spinifex<br />
heath / hummock grass of the<br />
western Blue Mountains
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
accepted<br />
Final notes<br />
Y Southern site reallocated<br />
to Group 254.<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
More scrubby form of the grass headland – Steve Bell.<br />
This could be the eeC grassland community – Steve<br />
Griffith. Check Steve Griffith notes given to Michael –<br />
Steve Griffith.<br />
Remove two outliers in Gosford – Steve Bell.<br />
Y Y 2 Sites located in<br />
Gosford LGa.<br />
181 Kangaroo Grass / Westringia<br />
friuticosa grassland on coastal<br />
headlands<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
183 Baloskion stenocoleum / Poa<br />
costiniana sedgeland on<br />
Barrington Tops<br />
Y<br />
Y N Closely related to Group 183 – andrew Paget.<br />
This is a bit like the coastal wetland communities, could<br />
end up mapping it as a complex. If they are structurally<br />
different you should keep them separate but map it as a<br />
complex – Steve Griffith (seem to be accepted as right).<br />
184 Baloskion stenocoleum / Hakea<br />
microcarpa wet heath on<br />
Barrington Tops and tableland<br />
edge<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
185 Black Sallee grass / forb<br />
woodland on Barrington Tops<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
186 Forest Ribbon Gum sedge / grass<br />
woodland of western Barrington<br />
area<br />
195<br />
Y<br />
Y N x Seen this community north-east of Scone, Black<br />
Mountain, definitely a separate community – Steve Bell.<br />
187 Carex gaudichaudiana fens on<br />
the tablelands<br />
Y Southern sites reallocated<br />
to Group 247.<br />
Two outliers – the sites that lie south of all other sites;<br />
these shallow gully lines off Somersby plateau are a<br />
community but at the scale of mapping the unit is really<br />
driven by intense sampling of local variation I reckon –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Y 2 Sites south<br />
of main<br />
distribution.<br />
188 Sydney Peppermint / Silvertop<br />
ash / Gyamea Lily fern woodland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
189 Banksia ericifolia / Coral Fern wet<br />
heath on sandstone of lower<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N Check andrew Paget comments about this community.<br />
Check for Grass Tree / Triodia sites as per andrew Paget’s<br />
comments. Plots in Wingen Maid have a Grass Tree<br />
overstorey and Spinifex understorey.<br />
E. serpentinicola<br />
/ Triodia<br />
low mallee<br />
woodland on<br />
serpentinite<br />
of the Lower<br />
North Coast<br />
190 E. serpentinocala / Triodia<br />
low mallee woodland on<br />
serpentinite of the Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Y Only two sites at<br />
Glenbawn.<br />
Is there a site from Wingen Maid in this community? –<br />
Travis Peake.<br />
The site from Wingen Maid might have came out in a<br />
community by itself – Doug Binns.<br />
Y Y 1 Site from<br />
Wingen Maid<br />
survey should<br />
be allocated to<br />
this group.<br />
191 White Box / Grass Tree / Spinifex<br />
woodland at Glenbawn Dam
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y N This occurs in the Greater Taree area – andrew Paget.<br />
ecotone community – disturbed sites – Steve Griffith.<br />
201 Fern-leaf Banksia / Melaleuca<br />
nodosa / Leptocarpus tenax<br />
wallum heath / woodland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
May be better<br />
to call it a<br />
‘sedgeland’ or<br />
‘sedge heath’ –<br />
Steve Griffith.<br />
Refer to Steve’s<br />
comments.<br />
207 Baloskion pallens / Wallum<br />
Bottlebrush wallum wet heath<br />
of the Lower North Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N This could relate to Group 222 – andrew Paget.<br />
Steve Griffith – confirmed that this is quite a distinct<br />
community.<br />
208 Heath-leaved Banksia wet heath<br />
on coastal sands of Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
209 Leptospermum liversidgei wallum<br />
wet heath of Lower North Coast<br />
Y N x Could also be up at Hat Head – andrew Paget. Y<br />
196<br />
211 Swamp Mahogany / Melaleuca<br />
styphelioides / Hypolepis muelleri<br />
swamp forest of the Central<br />
Coast<br />
Y N x It does extend right up to the north of the study area. Y<br />
212 Melaleuca biconvexa / Swamp<br />
Mahogany swamp forest of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y N x Could be up on Bombah Point Rd – andrew Paget. Y<br />
Central Coast in<br />
the name is not<br />
right<br />
218 Swamp Mahogany / Broadleaved<br />
Paperbark / Villarsia<br />
exalata swamp forest of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Swamp<br />
Oak / Juncus<br />
krausii / Baumea<br />
juncea<br />
swamp forest<br />
on coastal<br />
lowlands<br />
220 Swamp Oak / Juncus krausii /<br />
Baumea rubiginosa swamp<br />
forest on coastal lowlands<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
221 Swamp Oak / Meleleuca<br />
styphelioides / Carex appressa<br />
swamp forest
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y<br />
Y N Stands of shrubland and heathland, this is a distinct<br />
group – Steve Griffith.<br />
This is not a low<br />
swamp forest<br />
but a swamp<br />
shrubland as<br />
is often multistemmed<br />
at the<br />
base – Steve<br />
Griffith. also<br />
should be B.<br />
Juncea.<br />
222 Melaleuca ericifolia / Baumea<br />
juncifolia low swamp forest<br />
Y N Steve Griffith has mapped this in other locations. Y<br />
It is not<br />
confined to the<br />
Lower Hunter<br />
Valley – Steve<br />
Griffith.<br />
224 Melaleuca linariifolia / Carex<br />
appressa shrubland of Lower<br />
Hunter Valley<br />
Y Statistically it makes more<br />
sense to merge groups<br />
225, 226 and 227 into<br />
one large Smooth-barked<br />
apple group (called<br />
Group 225) and keep<br />
Group 34 separate as a<br />
small near-coastal group.<br />
The cluster of sites further to the north do not belong<br />
to this group but could belong to the other Smoothbarked<br />
apple groups in the Wyong area; merge with<br />
Group 225 – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y ? Remove the<br />
northern cluster<br />
of sites and<br />
reallocate them<br />
to the Smoothbark<br />
apple<br />
communities<br />
in the Wyong<br />
area.<br />
Y Merge with Group<br />
225 – Daniel<br />
Connolly.<br />
Scribbly gum<br />
species? Be<br />
careful with<br />
the name of<br />
Scribbly Gum<br />
communites<br />
as there are<br />
two species –<br />
haemostoma<br />
and raemosa.<br />
226 Smooth-barked apple / Red<br />
Bloodwood / Brown<br />
Stringybark / Wiry Panic heathy<br />
open forest<br />
197<br />
Y Y ? Sites east<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
229 Burrawang / Podocarpus<br />
spinulosus shrubby woodland of<br />
the southern Central Coast<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Outlier site looks okay on<br />
nearest neighbours and<br />
has high cover score for<br />
Podocarpus spinulosus.<br />
Only very small remnants – Robert Payne.<br />
Outlier – east of all other sites does not belong; agree<br />
there is a unique sandplain assemblage here but is this<br />
very localised because of intense samples. How relate to<br />
Umina eeC – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Outliers reallocated or<br />
unallocated.<br />
Three outliers in the north of all other sites may need to<br />
be removed.<br />
Y Y 3 Sites north<br />
of main<br />
distribution<br />
230 Smooth-barked apple /<br />
Turpentine heathy woodland<br />
on sandstones of the northern<br />
Sydney Basin<br />
Y<br />
Y N Surely this has to group with stuff in Karuah. Check you<br />
have the complete Tomaree dataset.<br />
231 Smooth-barked apple / Broadleaved<br />
Mahogany heathy<br />
woodland on hills at Nelson Bay<br />
Y Outlier reallocated to<br />
Group 233.<br />
Y N Odd spatial cluster of sites. Check Yengo data and add<br />
north Yengo (1993) and Yengo 2007 – Daniel Connolly.<br />
232 Turpentine / Forest Oak / Smoothbarked<br />
apple shrubby open<br />
forestof the Watagans
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Group<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
234 Sydney Peppermint semi-mesic<br />
open forest of northern Wollemi<br />
NP<br />
Y<br />
Y N Check single observer Robert Payne.<br />
I think E. piperata are most E. considenianas up here –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
235 Sydney Peppermint / Largefruited<br />
Grey Gum heathy open<br />
forest of north-west Wollemi NP<br />
One outlier – Se of all other sites. Y Outlier unallocated.<br />
Y Y 1 Site Se of main<br />
distribution<br />
239 Narrow-leaved apple /<br />
Parramatta Red Gum / Persoonia<br />
oblongata heathy woodland of<br />
the Howes Valley area<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
240 Yellow Bloodwood / Red<br />
Bloodwood / Brown Stringybark<br />
shrub / grass open forest in the<br />
Cessnock / Kurri Kurri area<br />
Y Merge Group 244 with<br />
Group 243 as suggested<br />
although not statistically<br />
close. Probably a mosaic<br />
on and around sandstone<br />
pavements.<br />
N x It is located in Brisbane Water National Park but never<br />
been sampled.<br />
Y Merge with Group<br />
244 – Robert Payne.<br />
243 Whipstick Mallee ash / Casuarina<br />
mallee woodland of central<br />
Wollemi<br />
198<br />
Y<br />
Y N Very difficult to map – occurs in very narrow areas –<br />
Robert Payne.<br />
245 Dwarf apple / Scribbly Gum<br />
heathy low woodland on<br />
Hawkesbury Sandstone of<br />
southern Central Coast<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
247 Scribbly Gum / Red Bloodwood /<br />
Old Man Banksia heathy<br />
woodland of southern Central<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
Coast<br />
248 Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked<br />
apple / Old Man Banksia heathy<br />
woodland in the Watagans<br />
Y N Check single observer Steve Bell – Daniel Connolly. Y<br />
Dwarf<br />
Casuarina /<br />
Melaleuca<br />
nodosa? coastal<br />
heath<br />
252 Mirbelia rubifolia / Epacris<br />
pulchella coastal heath of the<br />
Central Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N x This also exists up at Old Bar – this community is<br />
undersampled. It is located up and down the coast but<br />
it is difficult to sample. Could be a problem for mapping.<br />
On the coast the salt converts the substrate on any<br />
geology into a podosol?<br />
254 Kangaroo Grass headland heath<br />
of the Central Coast
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Detailed notes<br />
Y N Worth keeping this group separate – Steve Griffith. Y<br />
Group<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Old Man<br />
Banksia – is this<br />
serata?<br />
260 Coast Tea Tree / Old Man Banksia<br />
coastal shrubland<br />
Y N No further comments. Y<br />
263 Red Bloodwood / Smooth-barked<br />
apple heath woodland on<br />
coastal sands of the Lower North<br />
Coast<br />
Y<br />
Y N Has an affinity with the Gulgong sandstone work –<br />
Steve Lewer.<br />
Keep as separate group – Steve Lewer.<br />
268 Narrow-leaved Ironbark heath<br />
woodland in Goulburn River NP<br />
Y N a distinct community – Steve Lewer. Y<br />
272 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Black<br />
Pine / Acacia linearifolia<br />
shrub / grass open forest in<br />
Goulburn River NP<br />
Y<br />
Y N Further west this would be a separate group but it<br />
would integrade with other communities – Steve Lewer.<br />
Definitely a distinct group – all.<br />
275 Mugga Ironbark / Black Pine<br />
shrub / grass open forest of far<br />
west Upper Hunter<br />
Y Merge Group 274 with<br />
Group 276.<br />
Y N a problem with cover scores but floristically distinct,<br />
good group – Doug Binns.<br />
276 Narrow-leaved Ironbark shrub /<br />
grass open forest<br />
199<br />
N Not statistically close to<br />
anything else so given<br />
review comments I<br />
would leave these sites<br />
unallocated.<br />
Would not use the Wingen plots, as the surveyor miss ID<br />
a lot of the species – Travis Peake.<br />
Single observer Travis Peake – Daniel Connolly.<br />
Y Y 2 Sites located at<br />
Wingen<br />
278 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Blueleaved<br />
Stringybark / Choretrum<br />
candollei shrubby open forest<br />
Y<br />
Y N Could be an ecotone group, a transitional forest – Steve<br />
Bell.<br />
279 Narrow-leaved Ironbark / Yellow<br />
Bloodwood shrubby open forest<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y Outlier reallocated to<br />
Group 283.<br />
The group is distinct – Travis Peake. Just check southern<br />
sites to make sure they fit in with this group.<br />
Y Y ? GOULRIV /<br />
BYLOIN4C<br />
and site<br />
south of main<br />
282 E. sparsifolia heathy open forest<br />
in Towarri and Wingen Maid NPs<br />
distribution<br />
Y N No further comments. Y Merge groups 283 and<br />
284.<br />
283 Red Ironbark shrubby open<br />
forest in north-west Wollemi and<br />
eastern Goulburn River NPs<br />
Y N Definite group – Steve Bell. Y Merge groups 285 and<br />
300.<br />
285 E. sparsifolia / Large-fruited Grey<br />
Gum heathy open forest in<br />
northern Wollemi NP<br />
Y N Y<br />
287 Ironbark / Currawang shrubby<br />
woodland of northern Wollemi<br />
NP
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Y N Y<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
288 Brown Bloodwood / Currawang /<br />
ironbark shrubby woodland of<br />
eastern Goulburn River area<br />
Y N Y<br />
289 Fringe Myrtle / Dywer’s Red Gum<br />
sandstone plateau heath of the<br />
Upper Hunter Valley<br />
Y N Y<br />
290 Micromyrtus sessilis / Dwyer’s Red<br />
Gum sandstone plateau heath of<br />
the Upper Hunter Valley<br />
Y<br />
Y N You do get areas of just Black Pine – Steve Bell. This is a<br />
distinct group – Steve Bell.<br />
293 Black Pine / Red Ironbark / Brown<br />
Bloodwood shrubby woodland<br />
Y N This is a distinct group – Steve Bell. Y<br />
294 Red Ironbark / Brown<br />
Bloodwood/ Black Pine heathy<br />
open forest in Goulburn River<br />
NP<br />
Y N a distinct group – Steve Bell. Y<br />
295 Broom Bush / Allocasuarina<br />
gymnanthera heath woodland<br />
200<br />
Y N a distinct group – Steve Bell, Travis Peake. Y<br />
296 Large-fruited Grey Gum / Scribbly<br />
Gum / Black Pine heathy<br />
open forest of western Blue<br />
Mountains<br />
Y<br />
Y N This is a distinct group – Steve Bell, Travis Peake, Steve<br />
Lewer. all sites belong.<br />
297 Scribbly Gum / Narrow-leaved<br />
Ironbark / Bossiaea rhombifolia<br />
heathy open forest of western<br />
Blue Mountains<br />
Y<br />
Y N It is a separate community further west from here –<br />
John Hunter.<br />
298 Fringe Myrtle / Phebalium<br />
squamulosum / E. sparsifolia<br />
heathy woodland of the western<br />
Blue Mountains<br />
301 Typha wetland Y N No further comments. Y<br />
303 No name Name was Y N Two of the plots are in old farm dams – Steve Bell. Y<br />
given to this<br />
Sedgeland that runs right up the coast – Steve Griffith.<br />
community by<br />
Might cause problem with mapping but keep as a<br />
Steve Griffith.<br />
community – Doug Binns.<br />
Check his notes.<br />
Y<br />
304 Lepironia articulata wetland Y N Perched swamp. Community is distinct – Steve Griffith.<br />
Would’ve thought there was more Lepironia in Myall<br />
lakes? No other sites? – Daniel Connolly.
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
305 No name Y N Just a single species – Doug Binns.<br />
Completed by Robert Payne, done for National Parks,<br />
the vegetation has changed since the survey was<br />
done – Robert Payne. This was an oxbow environment<br />
– Robert Payne.<br />
This does represents a separate habitat even though<br />
the species change, should keep it has a separate<br />
community – all.<br />
Steve Griffith was going to check B. Pressey work.<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Y N Distinct community – Travis Peake.<br />
This may be a River Red Gum proposed eeC – discuss<br />
with Shawn C. (HCRCMa).<br />
Don’t merge with Group 84; there’s a grassy Red Gum<br />
Hunter flats group that should really be put with these<br />
highly disturbed River Reds as part of the Hunter<br />
floodplain community.<br />
306 No name River Red<br />
Gum / River<br />
Oak riparian<br />
woodland<br />
Y N Low species count – Doug Binns.<br />
You can get this as a monoculture, it is a distinct group –<br />
Robert Payne, Steve Griffith.<br />
Not grouping with other Swamp Oak communities? –<br />
Daniel Connolly.<br />
307 No name Requires a<br />
name.<br />
201<br />
308 Baumea articulata sedgeland Y N No further comments.<br />
309 Saltmarsh / estuarine complex This should<br />
be called a<br />
complex, as<br />
it is a mix of<br />
communities.<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review<br />
Y N Please read Steve Griffith notes for further information.<br />
Three of the sites are more mangroves than saltmarsh<br />
– Steve Bell.<br />
Definitely an estuarine complex, consisting of four<br />
separate saltmarsh communites (Baumea juncea<br />
sedgeland, Juncus krausii sedgeland, Sporbolus<br />
grassland) and a mangrove community – Steve Griffith.<br />
Saltmarsh might grow underneath the mangrove<br />
community.<br />
310 Grey Mangrove low closed forest Y N x The sites in the north definitely represent the<br />
communtiy – Steve Griffith.<br />
There is no River Mangrove, maybe not sampled –<br />
andrew Paget.<br />
It has been sampled – Robert Payne.<br />
Please check for a River Mangrove community.<br />
Y Sites separated from<br />
Group 25 on review panel<br />
recommendation.<br />
311 Wallarah Peninsula sites out of<br />
Group 25
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
DB_OT02, JH_eB36, eaD1T2C, NWTUG003, PTBUL003. Includes Kunzea sp.<br />
a – Leptospermum<br />
polygalifolium montane<br />
rock shrubland (e.g. Mt<br />
Killabakh, Big Nellie).<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
312 Shrublands of rock outcrops of<br />
the southern North Coast<br />
NGBaR006, NGBaR005, ROYCR1.<br />
313 Shrublands of rocky areas in<br />
Barrington Tops area<br />
314 E. nortonii open forest of the<br />
Upper Hunter Valley<br />
315 Goulburn River shrubland GNG08N6U.<br />
316 Melaleuca decora shrubland Site Q088. It should be Melaleuca decora not sieberi.<br />
This is a community that exists on conglomerate<br />
outcrops, and it is a factor of disturbance. This should be<br />
recognised as its own community. There is a lot of Slaty<br />
Box growing around it.<br />
This site could be<br />
included in Group 89 or it<br />
may represent a separate<br />
317 E. cannonii / Angophora<br />
floribunda / Banksia marginata;<br />
Site eC_T_291 western Blue<br />
202<br />
under-sampled type.<br />
Mountains<br />
a generic wetland group<br />
including lagoons, Carex<br />
sedgelands, Site brs20a2f,<br />
and the various wetland<br />
types mentioned by<br />
andrew Paget in missingcommunities<br />
sheet.<br />
318 Freshwater wetlands of the<br />
coastal lowlands<br />
319 Mount Yengo rainforest;<br />
MTY1044N<br />
320 Eucalyptus largeana forest Only group with any<br />
significant amount of E.<br />
largeana is Group 125.<br />
E. largeana community<br />
is being considered<br />
for nomination as an<br />
eeC. Probably forms<br />
a community in the<br />
Copeland Tops area.<br />
Not sure about this<br />
one but put it in for the<br />
moment (mostly cleared<br />
so poorly surveyed).<br />
321 Angophora subveultina<br />
woodland on alluvial terraces<br />
around Gloucester
Appendix 6: Collated review continued<br />
Outliers<br />
Action<br />
Final notes<br />
accepted<br />
Group<br />
undersampled<br />
Further notes No Location<br />
Site<br />
cleaning<br />
Check<br />
Split<br />
Merge<br />
Remove<br />
accepted<br />
Proposed<br />
name change Group<br />
Preliminary community name<br />
Group<br />
Detailed notes Group<br />
Kyuga areas.<br />
322 Spinifex sericeus foredune<br />
grassland<br />
323 Weeping Lilly Pilly riparian<br />
rainforest<br />
324 Upper Hunter Valley Weeping<br />
Myall woodlands (eeC)<br />
325 Inland / Western Rosewood low<br />
woodland<br />
Could possibly include E.<br />
nortonii with this.<br />
326 E. gonioclayx mid-high open<br />
woodlands / woodlands on<br />
Tertiary basalt<br />
327 Casuarina cristata tall open<br />
woodlands / open forests on<br />
Garawilla volcanics<br />
203<br />
aPPeNDIx 6 Collated review
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 7:<br />
List of collated vegetation surveys<br />
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys continued<br />
Survey ID Description Survey year(s) Sites<br />
aLLeN Mr allen, Hansens Road, Tumbi Unknown 2<br />
aLLFLOYD alex Floyd’s rainforest sites 1975–1993 609<br />
aLLGOSFORD all vegetation data for the Gosford LGa 2003 426<br />
aLLRaINTOT Total species list of gallery rainforests on alluvium in Wyong valleys Unknown 26<br />
aLLSaND Wollemi and Yengo sites Unknown 66<br />
aLLWOLL Wollemi vegetation sites from various surveys Unknown 410<br />
aMYCLOSe Monitoring water quality quadrats for amy Close, Wyong Unknown 9<br />
aNDReWS Full florisitc plots completed by Peter Calper on behalf of andrews Neil Consultants<br />
for Wyong Shire Council<br />
204<br />
2000 24<br />
aQUaD Document Acacia quadrilateralus on Pleistocene sands for NSW DeCC Unknown 1<br />
aSHRaM Satyanandra ashram at Mangrove regeneration base quadrat Unknown 1<br />
aSKaNIa Targeted survey of Prostanthera askania 2001 3<br />
aVOCa Public reserve behind avoca Beach Public School Unknown 3<br />
aWaBaKaL Survey of awabakal Nature Reserve 1997–1998 21<br />
BaR Barrington Tops NP surveys in conjunction with Hunter district Unknown 51<br />
BaRPOINT Bar Point, Hawkesbury River Unknown 2<br />
BaRRITa Barrita orchids, Barnes Road, Kulnura Unknown 1<br />
BBS_aPI_S2 Target aPI surveys, BBS Stage 2 2002 67<br />
BBY Vegetation and flora of Booti Booti NP and Yahoo NR, Lower North Coast of New<br />
South Wales<br />
1998 48<br />
BeLLexTRa extra sites from S Bell various surveys (mostly Wollemi) 1998–1999 8<br />
BH SNaKe Unknown 25<br />
BHGaP Ben Halls Gap vegetation survey 1989 21<br />
BHSC01 Vegetation survey of Baulkham Hills LGa designed to extend the Cumberland Plain<br />
vegetation map<br />
Unknown 120<br />
BINNS Master’s thesis by Doug Binns Unknown 23<br />
BOUDDI Bouddi Peninsula vegetation sites conducted immediately after wildfire 1997 37<br />
BURRa Burragorang 1:25 000 map sheet vegetation survey Unknown 6<br />
BURRaG Burragorang vegetation survey, all sites combined Unknown 1<br />
BWNP Brisbane Waters NP vegetation survey 1978–1981 29<br />
CaLLICOMa Callicoma VCa 2000 7<br />
CCCeN Riparian investigation 2001 48<br />
CHaSeVCa Chaseling VCa assessment for NPWS Unknown 3<br />
CHeaTH Coastal heathlands research project Unknown 31<br />
COBB-MaST Survey of Coonabarabran–Tambar Springs–Mendooran–Coolah–Cobbora–Gulgong<br />
6 1:100 000 map sheets<br />
Unknown 27<br />
COLON Colongra Wetland survey Unknown 46<br />
CONaCHeR Survey of the vegetation of Mangrove Dam 1999 14<br />
COOLaH_93 Coolah Tops NP surveys 1993 48<br />
CRa Comprehensive Regional assessments vegetation survey 1997 575<br />
CRa1 Data from CRa surveys in Priority 1 Hunter area Unknown 123<br />
CRaHUN CRa Hunter region vegetation survey lower north-east 1998–1999 291<br />
CRaIN CRa (Coffs Harbour coordinated sites) in CRaHun study area 1997 34<br />
CUMB North Cumberland Plain vegetation survey 1993 112<br />
DaVIDTIeRN Wyong Angophora inopina survey Unknown 12
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys continued<br />
205<br />
aPPeNDIx 7 List of collated vegetation surveys<br />
Survey ID Description Survey year(s) Sites<br />
DexC Targeted surveys for Doryanthes excelsa Unknown 7<br />
DHaRUG Dharug NP 1986–1987 45<br />
DOR Field survey for Doryanthes excelsa Unknown 7<br />
DORY Doryanthes excelsa survey 1988–1995 1<br />
DUBBO_99 Brigalow Belt South study – State Forest and Nature Reserves of the Dubbo region Unknown 8<br />
DUFFYS Survey of Duffys Forest vegetation community 1999–2000 32<br />
DUNCaN Ken Duncan Gallery Unknown 1<br />
DVBS Dungog Vegetation and Biodiversity Study 1999 39<br />
eaSTCMBWNP Botanical survey quadrats at each eastern Chestnut Mouse survey site in Brisbane<br />
Water NP<br />
Unknown 2<br />
eGaNCK Survey of Lots 5–8 egan Creek Unknown 7<br />
ePRISe1992 Private property survey around Berkeley Drive Unknown 3<br />
eSS_UPPHUN DIPNR environmental Services Scheme: vegetation-monitoring plots on two<br />
properties (‘Stanley’ and ‘Derowen’) in the Upper Hunter to monitor change over<br />
time against land management<br />
Unknown 28<br />
eVaFLORa evans Crown NR vegetation survey 1995–1996 16<br />
FB&eC Monitoring for environment australia Unknown 2<br />
FIeLDaLL Somersby Fields species list for all vegetation mapping Unknown 16<br />
FLOOD Systematic site surveys on coastal floodplains for 10 river systems along the NSW<br />
coast (Tweed, Richmond, Clarence, Manning, Hastings, Hunter, Hawkesbury–<br />
Nepean, Shoalhaven, Moruya, Bega)<br />
Unknown 2<br />
FLOYD alex Floyd rainforest data surveys Unknown 609<br />
FLOYDRF Floyd’s rainforest survey 1976–1989 52<br />
FRaP Vegetation survey of Frappels Block Sunny Corner SF 1997 17<br />
FReaK Freak Eucalyptus eugenioides data Yengo NP Unknown 1<br />
FTG Fern Tree Gully Unknown 23<br />
GaRIGaL Garigal NP survey 1992 32<br />
GLeNROCK Survey of Glenrock SRa 1998 25<br />
GOONOO_97 Goonoo SF biodiversity survey 1997 22<br />
GOONOO_99 Brigalow Belt South study – Goonoo SF survey 1999 70<br />
GOULRIV Goulburn River NP 1995–1998 140<br />
HaKK Vegetation assessment carried out by FloraSearch for Hydro aluminium australia 2003–2004 12<br />
HaMTeRR Proposed rezoning of Hamlyn Terrace, Louisiana Road, Wyong Unknown 4<br />
HaNGLID Three sites in Wyrrabalong NP for new hangliding site 1993 3<br />
HCReMS HCCReMS 2005 1<br />
HILLReS Hillview Street Reserve, Woy Woy, located at disturbance sites 2003 5<br />
HILLV 2003 5<br />
HUNCO Hunter Councils survey sites Unknown 58<br />
HUNCO2 Hunter Councils extra survey sites 2 Unknown 170<br />
HUNTeR Hunter remnant vegetation survey 1997–2000 148<br />
HUNTeR2003 Barrington foothills (landscape bounded by Mount Royal south to Singleton & west<br />
to Muswellbrook); in addition to sites completed throughout the Hunter Valley floor<br />
for use by Travis Peake (HCMT)<br />
Unknown 142<br />
HUNTeRDRF Compiled data for analysis with Hunter dry rainforest Unknown 56<br />
HUNTeRMISC Miscellaneous sites for priority area 1 Unknown 9<br />
INOPINa Angophora inopina sites, Wyong Shire 2000 12<br />
JBW J. B. Williams rainforest surveys – miscellaneous species lists Unknown 1<br />
JeNBOWeRS Species list only for creek diversion Lot 31, Wisemans Ferry Road, Somersby Unknown 1
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys continued<br />
Survey ID Description Survey year(s) Sites<br />
JVMPDB Western Regional assessment Vegetation Sampling Program Unknown 170<br />
JVMPea Brigalow Belt South Joint Vegetation Mapping Project Unknown 141<br />
JVMPTP Turill SF plot data Unknown 14<br />
KaHDRaIN Kahibah Creek drainage line between Kahibah Lagoon and Osborne avenue, Woy<br />
Woy<br />
206<br />
Unknown 1<br />
KaRIONG Kariong High School Unknown 7<br />
KURRI Survey of the Kurri Kurri/Cessnock area of the Lower Hunter Valley (targeting Lower<br />
Hunter Spotted Gum/Ironbark Forest, Hunter Lowland Redgum Forest, Kurri Sand<br />
Swamp Woodland and eeCs) on behalf of DeCC NSW<br />
Unknown 94<br />
LaKeMSRa Survey of Lake Macquarie SRa 1998 45<br />
LeSRYK Vegetation surveys completed for Wyong Council in the Warnervale area by Lesryk<br />
environmental Consultants<br />
2000 12<br />
LILLI Lillicrapp Road, Mangrove Mountain Unknown 4<br />
MaITLaND extant vegetation survey of Maitland local government area Unknown 49<br />
MaNOBaLaI Manobalai NP and adjacent voluntary conservation lands (Bell helicopter sites) 1999 54<br />
MaRKROB Flora plots completed by Mark Robinson 2000 6<br />
MaRKS Unknown 2<br />
MaRRa Quadrat-based survey of Marramarra NP, Muogamarra NR & Maroota High School Unknown 133<br />
MeRRIWa Vegetation survey of the Merriwa 1:100 000 map sheet 2000 33<br />
MINMI Minmi swamp vegetation survey Unknown 6<br />
MORReIS State Forest Morriset Management area eIS (1995) 1993–1994 146<br />
MTKaP2000 Mt Kaputar survey 2000 1<br />
MTPeNaNG Mt Penang Unknown 7<br />
MTROY Surveys of property in upper Rouchel Brook area west of Mt Royal NP for eco Trades 2007 30<br />
MUMGULF The vegetation and plant species of Mummel Gulf SCa 2007 35<br />
MUNGHORN Survey of Munghorn Gap NR 1998 11<br />
MUNMORaH Robert Payne’s Munmorah sites 1994 156<br />
MYaLL Vegetation survey of Myall Lakes NP 2000 34<br />
MYaLLS Myall Shores Unknown 11<br />
MYaMBaT Myambat logistics site 1997 24<br />
NaBIaC Nabiac Unknown 3<br />
NaBIaC2 Surveys in Wallum on Nabiac Pleitocene barriers, Lower North Coast of New South<br />
Wales<br />
NaMOI_95 Vegetation survey of riparian zones within the Namoi River catchment, north-west<br />
New South Wales<br />
Unknown 27<br />
1995–1996 49<br />
NaNDe_WRa Nandewar Western Regional assessment Flora Surveys Unknown 48<br />
NaTUReWLD Species list for Naturesworld, Peats Ridge Road, Peats Ridge Unknown 1<br />
NBaOS Nandewar bioregional assessment – overstorey sites 1999–2004 4<br />
NeFIN North east Forests Biodiversity Study Flora Survey sites in CRaHUN study aea Unknown 6<br />
NeFVeG North-east Forests Biodiversity Study Flora Survey 1992–1993 171<br />
NGUNR Flora surveys at Ngulin NR Unknown 17<br />
NIaGaRa Lowes timber site at Niagara Park; a disturbed site Unknown 2<br />
NOWNP07 Surveys carried out in Nowendoc NP for Walcha area NPWS 2007 8<br />
NTHYeNGO Yengo NP (north) vegetation survey Unknown 92<br />
OHaReS Vegetation survey of O’Hares Creek Catchment 1994 56<br />
OUTCRa Outside CRa study area Unknown 109<br />
P5Ma Department of Land and Water Conservation statewide mapping program: Priority 5<br />
Mapping area<br />
2001–2003 800
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys continued<br />
207<br />
aPPeNDIx 7 List of collated vegetation surveys<br />
Survey ID Description Survey year(s) Sites<br />
PaCPOWeR Survey of Pacific Power–owned lands Lake Macquarie–Vales Point Power Station 1995–1996? 39<br />
PBeaCH Surveys at Highview Street, Pinney Beach Unknown 2<br />
PeaKe Hunter Valley remnant surveys Unknown 3<br />
PeRSOONIa Systematic survey of Persoonia North Rothbury across various tenures in the<br />
Cessnock LGa<br />
Unknown 25<br />
PINNeYB Pinney Beach 1998 35<br />
PION1991 Species list taken of Pioneer Dairy no quadrats 1998 1<br />
PIONDQUaD Pioneer Dairy Quadrat Sites 1999 and 2004 1999 8<br />
PIONDTRaN Pioneer Dairy transects Tuggerah Oxbow only Unknown 20<br />
PLaINSF_99 South Brigalow Belt study – Liverpool Plains region state forests 1999 21<br />
POLLOCKaVe Survey of the proposed Wyong Regional Sporting Facility, off Pollock avenue, North<br />
Wyong<br />
2002 4<br />
POPRaN Survey of Popran NP 1998 61<br />
PORTeRSMON Porters Wetland monitoring data – both in Porters Wetland and in reference<br />
wetlands elsewhere<br />
2003–2004 34<br />
PULBaH Survey of Pulbah Island NR 1998 6<br />
R PaYNe Robert Payne personal sites 1995–1999 27<br />
RaIN1 Inventory of rainforest sites in Gosford in 1986 undertaken by Robert Payne under<br />
supervision by the late J. B. Williams for master’s thesis, UNe<br />
1986 36<br />
RaIN2 additional rainforest sites surveyed in 2002 2002 31<br />
RaPID Interim assessment rapid canopy species surveys Unknown 318<br />
RBCS3 HCCReMS 2005 Surveys for the Regional Biodiversity Conservation Strategy Stage 3.<br />
Vegetation mapping and classification for the Hunter and Central Coast CMa area.<br />
2005 314<br />
RBG_KURING Royal Botanic Gardens vegetation survey of NSW – Kuringai area Unknown 17<br />
ReMS Combined LHCCReMS surveys Unknown 178<br />
ReMSCe Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Cessnock LGa 1999 77<br />
ReMSGO Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Gosford LGa 1999 45<br />
ReMSLM Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Lake Macquarie LGa 1999 39<br />
ReMSMa Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Maitland LGa 1999 26<br />
ReMSNe Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Newcastle LGa 1999 22<br />
ReMSPS Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Port Stephens LGa 1999 97<br />
ReMSWY Lower Hunter and Central Coast Councils Biodiversity Survey – Wyong LGa 1999 36<br />
RILeYSB Rileys Bay survey of old Rileys homestead Unknown 3<br />
RILISD Two quadrats on Rileys Island Unknown 2<br />
ROTHBURY Survey for Persoonia North Rothbury, Cessnock LGa 1999 27<br />
ROUNDDRa Round Drive, avoca Unknown 2<br />
RPWYONG Robert Payne, 20 x 20 plots for Tumbi, Wyong Council Unknown 23<br />
RTa Botanical survey Unknown 37<br />
RTa2005 Cutting stabilisation works on F3 Unknown 9<br />
RTaCaMeRa RTa F3 camera Unknown 2<br />
RYaNS1992 Vegetation list at 56 Ryans Road, Umina, Mr B. Collis Unknown 1<br />
SaLTWaTeR Lot 13, avoca Valley Way, Kincumber on Saltwater Creek Unknown 9<br />
SaNDPLaIN Sandplain update for Payne & Wellington Paper 2003 19<br />
SaRaTOGa Proposed cycleway from Saratoga to Kincumber with interesting vegetation Unknown 1<br />
SaWR Survey of Salt ash Weapons Range, north of Newcastle 2000 1<br />
SFDaTa State forest data 1991–1998 398<br />
SFHUNTeR Compiled data for Morriset and SFDaTa in Hunter Priority 1 Unknown 109<br />
SFxTRa Miscellaneous extra sites from FNSW eIS flora surveys Unknown 11
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 7: List of collated vegetation surveys continued<br />
Survey ID Description Survey year(s) Sites<br />
SGR Woko NP rainforest survey Unknown 29<br />
SINGaRMY Singleton army Base flora survey 1998 50<br />
SOURRY Sourry – Matcham Road Unknown 1<br />
SYDWaTeR Vegetation survey, Woronora plateau, Sydney Water 1998–1999 347<br />
SZSePP46 Sydney zone SePP 46 assessment site 1996 1<br />
TeMP 1998 1<br />
TINGIRa Survey of Tingira Heights NR Unknown 2<br />
TOBYSCK Species list for Tobys Creek for environmental Defenders Office – National Forest<br />
Reserve for which logging had taken place in 2005<br />
208<br />
Unknown 1<br />
TOMaR Tomaree vegetation survey Unknown 35<br />
TOMaRee Survey of Tomaree NP 1996–1997 35<br />
TOWaRRI Towarri NP, Cedar Brush NR & Wingen Maid NR Unknown 155<br />
TOWaRRI NP Towarri NP, Cedar Brush NR & Wingen Maid NR 1997–2000 1<br />
TOWaRRI99 Towarri NP (Liverpool Range) vegetation survey Unknown 22<br />
TRIPLeS Triple Springs Unknown 6<br />
TUGGeRaH Block of land with electricity easement on Tuggerah Straight, Tuggerah Unknown 1<br />
TUMBIGCC Tumbi Umbi – Gosford City Council Unknown 4<br />
TUMBITRaNS Drainage line from Tumbi Creek to Wamberal Lagoon Unknown 1<br />
TURILL SF Turill SF surveys Unknown 12<br />
UMexP UCSW experiment Unknown 15<br />
UMINa Umina coastal sands woodland survey for nomination before Scientific Committee 2000 11<br />
UMINa HIGH Umina High – survey site has evidence of disturbance Unknown 3<br />
WaMBO Wallaby Scrub sites for Wambo Mine Unknown 23<br />
WaRNeR Warnervale Interim Protection Order assessment 1996 9<br />
WaRNeRTC Survey of the proposed Warnervale town centre for Wyong Shire Council 2003–2004 19<br />
WaRNeRVaLe Survey of Warnervale industrial land between the F3, Sparks Road, Porters Creek<br />
wetland and the airstrip<br />
2002–2003 21<br />
WaTaGaNS Collection of floristic plot data in Watagans NP for NPWS Hunter Coast area 2002 20<br />
WeeT_NR_97 Weetalibah NR survey 1997 16<br />
WeRaKaTa Survey of Werakata NP, Cessnock 2001 17<br />
WeRaKaTa1 Vegetation survey of 500 ha addition to Werakata NP near Cessnock Unknown 4<br />
WeSTSYD Western Sydney vegetation survey 1998–1999 384<br />
WeSTSYD2 Sites used for evaluating and refining the Western Sydney vegetation model 2000 30<br />
WINBFLOR Winburndale NR vegetation survey 1995–1996 48<br />
WINGeN Survey of Wingen Maid NR 1995 17<br />
WLaNDS 2003? 13<br />
WLC Wallis Lake Catchment Unknown 50<br />
WOLL Wollongong 1:100 000 mapsheet vegetation survey 1986–1993 114<br />
WOODLaNDS2 Unknown 2<br />
WOONGaRRaH Woongarrah Sports Field transects – old regenerating farmland Unknown 2<br />
WSC2007 Wyong Shire surveys – compiled Unknown 144<br />
WYONG Wyong coastal plains survey 1998–1999 27<br />
WYONG SHIR Vegetation survey carried out by Steve Bell and Jedda Lemmon for Wyong Council 2000 86<br />
YeNGO Yengo, Dharug vegetation survey 1988–1993 143<br />
YeNGOaDDNS Survey sites completed in the Little Darkey (McTaggart additions) Yengo NP Unknown 12<br />
Total number of survey collected 209<br />
Total number of vegetation sites collected 12089
aPPeNDIx 8 Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification<br />
Appendix 8:<br />
Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification<br />
Family Frequency<br />
Poaceae 20 597<br />
Myrtaceae 20 161<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) 13 861<br />
asteraceae 12 151<br />
Proteaceae 8188<br />
Cyperaceae 7433<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 6550<br />
Lomandraceae 6052<br />
euphorbiaceae 5280<br />
epacridaceae 5122<br />
Rubiaceae 4377<br />
Pittosporaceae 3932<br />
adiantaceae 3776<br />
apiaceae 3574<br />
Phormiaceae 3452<br />
Dilleniaceae 3003<br />
Lauraceae 2682<br />
Orchidaceae 2669<br />
Sapindaceae 2267<br />
Vitaceae 2181<br />
Casuarinaceae 2111<br />
Luzuriagaceae 2110<br />
Goodeniaceae 2098<br />
Rutaceae 2045<br />
Solanaceae 2018<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae 1895<br />
Convolvulaceae 1788<br />
Rosaceae 1780<br />
Ranunculaceae 1740<br />
Blechnaceae 1732<br />
Oleaceae 1699<br />
Lobeliaceae 1677<br />
Violaceae 1568<br />
Verbenaceae 1543<br />
Haloragaceae 1532<br />
Lamiaceae 1525<br />
Smilacaceae 1396<br />
acanthaceae 1303<br />
araliaceae 1281<br />
apocynaceae 1214<br />
Bignoniaceae 1209<br />
anthericaceae 1201<br />
Moraceae 1172<br />
209<br />
Family Frequency<br />
Monimiaceae 1166<br />
Polypodiaceae 1149<br />
Oxalidaceae 1098<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae 1070<br />
asclepiadaceae 1055<br />
Cunoniaceae 1032<br />
Celastraceae 1031<br />
Campanulaceae 984<br />
Geraniaceae 984<br />
Restionaceae 978<br />
Myrsinaceae 959<br />
Thymelaeaceae 956<br />
Menispermaceae 925<br />
Chenopodiaceae 912<br />
Meliaceae 909<br />
Santalaceae 881<br />
Malvaceae 881<br />
Sterculiaceae 802<br />
Plantaginaceae 798<br />
Scrophulariaceae 796<br />
Urticaceae 795<br />
Caryophyllaceae 789<br />
Iridaceae 775<br />
Commelinaceae 760<br />
Dryopteridaceae 747<br />
elaeocarpaceae 727<br />
Rhamnaceae 717<br />
araceae 680<br />
Zamiaceae 654<br />
aspleniaceae 619<br />
Dicksoniaceae 610<br />
ebenaceae 544<br />
Juncaceae 543<br />
Polygonaceae 541<br />
Cactaceae 522<br />
Dioscoreaceae 514<br />
arecaceae 507<br />
Boraginaceae 443<br />
Clusiaceae 431<br />
Lindsaeaceae 409<br />
Brassicaceae 369<br />
Ripogonaceae 352<br />
Loranthaceae 339
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 8: Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification continued<br />
Family Frequency<br />
Myoporaceae 339<br />
Cyatheaceae 338<br />
eupomatiaceae 337<br />
Winteraceae 333<br />
Davalliaceae 333<br />
Polygalaceae 331<br />
Cupressaceae 322<br />
amaranthaceae 312<br />
Stylidiaceae 286<br />
Tremandraceae 266<br />
Pteridaceae 253<br />
escalloniaceae 249<br />
Primulaceae 232<br />
Droseraceae 219<br />
Passifloraceae 211<br />
Chloanthaceae 207<br />
Icacinaceae 202<br />
Stackhousiaceae 189<br />
Ulmaceae 178<br />
Loganiaceae 174<br />
Crassulaceae 171<br />
asparagaceae 167<br />
Haemodoraceae 165<br />
Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) 161<br />
Colchicaceae 160<br />
Sapotaceae 158<br />
Gleicheniaceae 155<br />
Flacourtiaceae 146<br />
Selaginellaceae 138<br />
Uvulariaceae 124<br />
Hymenophyllaceae 115<br />
xyridaceae 110<br />
Doryanthaceae 109<br />
Capparaceae 103<br />
Onagraceae 102<br />
Menyanthaceae 99<br />
Nyctaginaceae 99<br />
anacardiaceae 99<br />
Schizaeaceae 97<br />
asteliaceae 97<br />
Ochnaceae 91<br />
Zingiberaceae 90<br />
Gentianaceae 88<br />
athyriaceae 77<br />
Podocarpaceae 73<br />
210<br />
Family Frequency<br />
Hypoxidaceae 72<br />
Baueraceae 71<br />
alangiaceae 68<br />
Sambucaceae 63<br />
Flagellariaceae 61<br />
Juncaginaceae 61<br />
Osmundaceae 60<br />
Piperaceae 60<br />
aizoaceae 60<br />
Phytolaccaceae 57<br />
Nothofagaceae 57<br />
Portulacaceae 56<br />
Peperomiaceae 55<br />
Unidentified 53<br />
Blandfordiaceae 50<br />
Fumariaceae 47<br />
Symplocaceae 47<br />
Caprifoliaceae 43<br />
Zygophyllaceae 42<br />
Olacaceae 37<br />
Grammitaceae 35<br />
Ophioglossaceae 34<br />
Thelypteridaceae 34<br />
Cucurbitaceae 32<br />
Philydraceae 32<br />
Typhaceae 28<br />
Lycopodiaceae 26<br />
Lentibulariaceae 25<br />
Gesneriaceae 25<br />
asphodelaceae 25<br />
amaryllidaceae 23<br />
avicenniaceae 23<br />
Callitrichaceae 22<br />
Viscaceae 19<br />
Pinaceae 18<br />
Malaceae 14<br />
ericaceae 13<br />
Trimeniaceae 13<br />
azollaceae 13<br />
Lemnaceae 12<br />
Surianaceae 12<br />
Pontederiaceae 12<br />
Gyrostemonaceae 11<br />
Basellaceae 10<br />
Linaceae 8
Appendix 8: Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification continued<br />
Family Frequency<br />
amygdalaceae 8<br />
eriocaulaceae 7<br />
alismataceae 7<br />
Salicaceae 7<br />
Psilotaceae 6<br />
Salviniaceae 5<br />
Lythraceae 4<br />
Simaroubaceae 4<br />
alliaceae 4<br />
Centrolepidaceae 4<br />
Sparganiaceae 3<br />
Papaveraceae 3<br />
Cannabaceae 3<br />
Cannaceae 3<br />
Balsaminaceae 2<br />
Ceratophyllaceae 2<br />
Nymphaeaceae 2<br />
Marsileaceae 2<br />
araucariaceae 2<br />
elatinaceae 2<br />
agavaceae 2<br />
Tiliaceae 1<br />
Dicranaceae 1<br />
Dawsoniaceae 1<br />
Burmanniaceae 1<br />
Melastomataceae 1<br />
Total 217 729<br />
Count 202<br />
aPPeNDIx 8 Plant families in the HCLNC vegetation classification<br />
211
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9:<br />
List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. burmanniana (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. mucronata (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. spatulata (L.) Jacq.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa subsp. viscosa (L.) Jacq.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea Blue Flax-lily Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. assera Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. cinerascens Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. producta Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. protensa Sims<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea var. vannata Sims<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. divergens R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. gracilis R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. sericea R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea curviflora var. subglabrata R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata Fuzzweed DC.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata DC.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata forma cuneata DC.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata var. cuneata forma minor DC.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cuneata var. hirsuta DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis Sunshine Wattle (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis subsp. angustifolia (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis subsp. aurea (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis subsp. longiaxialis (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia terminalis subsp. terminalis Sunshine Wattle (Salisb.) J.F. Macbr.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium Tantoon Salisb.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp.<br />
cismontanum<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp.<br />
montanum<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp.<br />
polygalifolium<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp.<br />
transmontanum<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum Scaly Phebalium Vent.<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum subsp. argenteum Vent.<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum subsp. gracile Vent.<br />
212<br />
Salisb.<br />
Salisb.<br />
Salisb.<br />
Salisb.<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum subsp. lineare Vent.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium squamulosum subsp. squamulosum Vent.<br />
Violaceae Viola hederacea Ivy-leaved Violet Labill.<br />
Violaceae Viola hederacea forma A Labill.<br />
Violaceae Viola hederacea forma B Labill.<br />
Violaceae Viola hederacea forma C Labill.<br />
Violaceae Viola hederacea forma d Labill.<br />
acanthaceae Rostellularia adscendens subsp. adscendens<br />
var. adscendens<br />
acanthaceae Rostellularia adscendens subsp. adscendens<br />
var. latifolia<br />
acanthaceae Rostellularia adscendens subsp. adscendens<br />
var. pogonanthera<br />
213<br />
(R. Br.) R.M.Barker<br />
(R. Br.) R.M.Barker<br />
(R. Br.) R.M.Barker<br />
apiaceae Apium prostratum Sea Celery Labill. ex Vent.<br />
apiaceae Apium prostratum var. filiforme (a.Rich.) T.W.Kirk<br />
apiaceae Apium prostratum var. prostratum Labill. ex Vent.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome ciliaris Variable Daisy (Labill.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome ciliaris var. ciliaris (Labill.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome ciliaris var. lanuginosa (Labill.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome ciliaris var. subintegrifolia (Labill.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Senecio lautus Variable Groundsel G.Forst. ex Willd.<br />
asteraceae Senecio lautus subsp. dissectifolius G.Forst. ex Willd.<br />
asteraceae Senecio lautus subsp. lanceolatus G.Forst. ex Willd.<br />
asteraceae Senecio lautus subsp. lautus G.Forst. ex Willd.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos Fishweed (Schult.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos subsp. leiocarpa (Schult.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos subsp. stellulata (Schult.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia trigonos subsp. trigonos (Schult.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
epacridaceae Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne Heath (Sm.) Benth.<br />
epacridaceae Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. daphnoides (Sm.) Benth.<br />
epacridaceae Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. glabrum (Sm.) Benth.<br />
epacridaceae Brachyloma daphnoides subsp. pubescens (Sm.) Benth.<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra confertifolia (F.M.Bailey) Fahn<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra confertifolia subsp. confertifolia (F.M.Bailey) Fahn<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida (F.M.Bailey) Fahn<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra confertifolia subsp. rubiginosa (F.M.Bailey) Fahn<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra filiformis Wattle Matt-rush (Thunb.) Britten<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra filiformis subsp. coriacea (Thunb.) Britten<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra filiformis subsp. filiformis (Thunb.) Britten<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra filiformis subsp. flavior (Thunb.) Britten<br />
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry<br />
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii (small-leaved race) (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry<br />
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii (type form) (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry<br />
Myrtaceae Acmena smithii var. minor (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella revoluta Geoff Carr?<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella revoluta R. Br.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella revoluta var. revoluta R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella revoluta var. vinosa R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Aristida ramosa Purple Wiregrass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Aristida ramosa var. ramosa R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Aristida ramosa var. scaberula R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Aristida ramosa var. speciosa R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Poa sieberiana Spreng.<br />
Poaceae Poa sieberiana var. cyanophylla Spreng.<br />
Poaceae Poa sieberiana var. hirtella Spreng.<br />
Poaceae Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Snowgrass Spreng.<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra amara Bitter Cryptandra Sm.<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra amara var. amara Sm.<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra amara var. floribunda Sm.<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra amara var. longiflora Sm.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia Smith<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia subsp. caesia Smith<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia subsp. collina Smith<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea linifolia subsp. linifolia Smith<br />
anthericaceae Caesia parviflora Pale Grass-lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Caesia parviflora var. parviflora R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Caesia parviflora var. vittata R. Br.<br />
apiaceae Daucus glochidiatus Native Carrot ‘(Labill.) Fisch., C.a.Mey. &<br />
ave-Lall.’<br />
apiaceae Daucus glochidiatus forma A ‘(Labill.) Fisch., C.a.Mey. &<br />
ave-Lall.’<br />
apiaceae Daucus glochidiatus forma F ‘(Labill.) Fisch., C.a.Mey. &<br />
ave-Lall.’<br />
apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa Woolly xanthosia Rudge<br />
apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa forma A Rudge<br />
apiaceae Xanthosia pilosa forma C Rudge<br />
araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia elderberry Panax (Sieber ex DC.) Harms<br />
araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. A (Sieber ex DC.) Harms<br />
araliaceae Polyscias sambucifolia subsp. C Ferny Panax (Sieber ex DC.) Harms<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome angustifolia a.Cunn. ex DC.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome angustifolia var. angustifolia a.Cunn. ex DC.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome angustifolia var. heterophylla a.Cunn. ex DC.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome diversifolia (Graham ex Hook.) Fisch. &<br />
C.a.Mey.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome diversifolia var. dissecta (Graham ex Hook.) Fisch. &<br />
C.a.Mey.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome diversifolia var. diversifolia (Graham ex Hook.) Fisch. &<br />
C.a.Mey.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome multifida Cut-leaved Daisy DC.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome multifida var. dilatata DC.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome multifida var. multifida DC.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia leptocephala F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia leptocephala subsp. A F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia leptocephala subsp. leptocephala F. Muell.<br />
214
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norlindh<br />
asteraceae Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera Boneseed (L.) Norlindh<br />
asteraceae Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata Bitou Bush (L.) Norlindh<br />
asteraceae Picris angustifolia DC.<br />
asteraceae Picris angustifolia subsp. angustifolia DC.<br />
asteraceae Picris angustifolia subsp. carolorumhenricorum<br />
asteraceae Senecio hispidulus Hill Fireweed a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio hispidulus var. dissectus a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio hispidulus var. hispidulus a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio vagus F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Senecio vagus subsp. eglandulosus F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Senecio vagus subsp. vagus F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia dissecta (Benth.) N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia dissecta var. dissecta (Benth.) N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia dissecta var. hirta (Benth.) N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia hispidula F. Muell. ex a.Gray<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia hispidula var. hispidula F. Muell. ex a.Gray<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia hispidula var. setosa F. Muell. ex a.Gray<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum patersonii Strap Water Fern (R. Br.) Mett.<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum patersonii subsp. patersonii (R. Br.) Mett.<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum patersonii subsp. queenslandicum (R. Br.) Mett.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia planiflora P.J.Sm.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia planiflora subsp. longipila P.J.Sm.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia planiflora subsp. planiflora P.J.Sm.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia stricta Tall Bluebell (R. Br.) Sweet<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia stricta subsp. alterna (R. Br.) Sweet<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia stricta subsp. stricta (R. Br.) Sweet<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia nutans Climbing Saltbush (R. Br.) a.J.Scott<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia nutans subsp. linifolia (R. Br.) a.J.Scott<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia nutans subsp. nutans (R. Br.) a.J.Scott<br />
Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena muricata Black Rolypoly (Moq.) Domin<br />
Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena muricata var. muricata (Moq.) Domin<br />
Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena muricata var. semiglabra (Moq.) Domin<br />
epacridaceae Epacris microphylla R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris microphylla var. microphylla R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris microphylla var. rhombifolia R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon lanceolatus (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon lanceolatus var. gracilis (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon microphyllus (Cav.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon microphyllus var. microphyllus (Cav.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon microphyllus var. pilibundus (Cav.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Lissanthe strigosa Peach Heath (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Lissanthe strigosa subsp. strigosa (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
215<br />
DC.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
epacridaceae Lissanthe strigosa subsp. subulata Peach Heath (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia laeta R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia laeta subsp. laeta R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia laeta subsp. latifolia R. Br.<br />
euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree (Mull.arg.) F.M.Bailey<br />
euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi Cheese Tree (Mull.arg.) F.M.Bailey<br />
euphorbiaceae Glochidion ferdinandi var. pubens Hairy Cheese Tree (Mull.arg.) F.M.Bailey<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea rhombifolia Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea rhombifolia subsp. concolor Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea rhombifolia subsp. rhombifolia Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium virgatum Leafy Wedge Pea Sieb. ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium virgatum var. aspalathoides Sieb. ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium virgatum var. virgatum Sieb. ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Platylobium formosum Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Platylobium formosum subsp. formosum Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Platylobium formosum subsp. parviflorum Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea ferruginea Rudge<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea ferruginea var. deanei Rudge<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea ferruginea var. ferruginea Rudge<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia deanei Green Wattle ‘(R.T.Baker) M.B.Welch,<br />
Coombs & McGlynn’<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia deanei subsp. deanei ‘Green Wattle, Deane’s<br />
Wattle’<br />
216<br />
‘(R.T.Baker) M.B.Welch,<br />
Coombs & McGlynn’<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Green Wattle ‘(R.T.Baker) M.B.Welch,<br />
Coombs & McGlynn’<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia irrorata Green Wattle Sieber ex Sprengel<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia irrorata subsp. irrorata Green Wattle Sieber ex Sprengel<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia irrorata X parvipinnula Unknown<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia juncifolia Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia juncifolia subsp. juncifolia Rush-leaved Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia juncifolia subsp. serpentinicola Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia (andrews) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle (andrews) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Coastal Wattle (andrews) Willd.<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium solanderi Native Geranium Carolin<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium solanderi var. grande Carolin<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium solanderi var. solanderi Carolin<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia heterophylla Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia heterophylla subsp. eglandulosa Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia heterophylla subsp. heterophylla Smith<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus Thunb.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. micranthus Thunb.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. ramosissimus Thunb.<br />
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis hygrometrica Golden Weather-grass Labill.<br />
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis hygrometrica var. hygrometrica Labill.<br />
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis hygrometrica var. villosisepala Labill.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Juncaceae Luzula flaccida (Buchenau) edgar<br />
Juncaceae Luzula flaccida forma A (Buchenau) edgar<br />
Juncaceae Luzula flaccida forma B (Buchenau) edgar<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain Gum Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dalrympleana subsp. dalrympleana Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dalrympleana subsp. heptantha Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fergusonii R.T.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis R.T.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. fergusonii R.T.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus parramattensis Parramatta Red Gum C.Hall<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens C.Hall<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp.<br />
parramattensis<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaved<br />
Peppermint<br />
217<br />
C.Hall<br />
Sieber ex DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus radiata subsp. radiata Sieber ex DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus radiata subsp. sejuncta Sieber ex DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Euryomyrtus ramosissima Rosy Baeckea (a.Cunn.) Trudgen<br />
Myrtaceae Euryomyrtus ramosissima subsp. prostrata (a.Cunn.) Trudgen<br />
Myrtaceae Euryomyrtus ramosissima subsp. ramosissima (a.Cunn.) Trudgen<br />
Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine (Sm.) Nied.<br />
Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glabra (Sm.) Nied.<br />
Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomulifera (Sm.) Nied.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea longifolia Large Mock-olive Vent.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea longifolia forma intermedia Vent.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea longifolia forma longifolia Vent.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea microcarpa Native Olive R. Br.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea microcarpa var. microcarpa R. Br.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea microcarpa var. velutina R. Br.<br />
Oleaceae Olea europaea Common Olive L.<br />
Oleaceae Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata L.<br />
Oleaceae Olea europaea subsp. europaea L.<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium billardiereanum subsp.<br />
billardiereanum<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium billardiereanum subsp. cinereum Ser.<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium billardiereanum subsp. hydrophilum Ser.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium speciosum (Sm.) M.a.Clem. & D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium speciosum Rock Lily M.a.Clem & D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium speciosum Rock Lily Sm.<br />
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens appleberry Smith<br />
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens var. scandens Smith<br />
Pittosporaceae Billardiera scandens var. sericata Smith<br />
Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa Native Blackthorn Cav.<br />
Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa subsp. lasiophylla Cav.<br />
Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Cav.<br />
Poaceae Aristida jerichoensis Jericho Wiregrass (Domin) Henrard<br />
Ser.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Aristida jerichoensis var. jerichoensis (Domin) Henrard<br />
Poaceae Aristida jerichoensis var. subspinulifera (Domin) Henrard<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia racemosa (R. Br.) H.P.Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia racemosa var. obtusata (R. Br.) H.P.Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa (R. Br.) H.P.Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa rudis (Spreng.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa rudis subsp. nervosa (Spreng.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa rudis subsp. rudis (Spreng.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa scabra Speargrass (Lindl.) S.W.L.Jacobs &<br />
J.everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata (Lindl.) S.W.L.Jacobs &<br />
J.everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa scabra subsp. scabra (Lindl.) S.W.L.Jacobs &<br />
J.everett<br />
Proteaceae Banksia cunninghamii Sieber ex Reichb.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia cunninghamii subsp. A Sieber ex Reichb.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia cunninghamii subsp. cunninghamii Sieber ex Reichb.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia Heath-leaved Banksia L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia subsp. ericifolia L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia integrifolia Coast Banksia L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia Coastal Banksia L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa Hairpin Banksia Smith<br />
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa var. collina Smith<br />
Proteaceae Banksia spinulosa var. spinulosa Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum longifolium Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum longifolium subsp. longifolium Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale Smith<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea humilis Makinson<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea humilis subsp. humilis Makinson<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea humilis subsp. lucens Makinson<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia laurina Pers.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia laurina subsp. intermedia Pers.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia laurina subsp. laurina Pers.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia myrtilloides Sieber ex Schultes &<br />
Schultes<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia myrtilloides subsp. cunninghamii Sieber ex Schultes &<br />
Schultes<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia myrtilloides subsp. myrtilloides Sieber ex Schultes &<br />
Schultes<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion tetraphyllum (Labill.) Johnson & Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum (Labill.) Johnson & Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum (Labill.) Johnson & Briggs<br />
Rosaceae Rubus moluccanus L.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus moluccanus var. moluccanus L.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus moluccanus var. trilobus Molucca Bramble L.<br />
218
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Rutaceae Correa reflexa Native Fuschia (Labill.) Vent.<br />
Rutaceae Correa reflexa var. reflexa Native Fuschia (Labill.) Vent.<br />
Rutaceae Correa reflexa var. speciosa (Labill.) Vent.<br />
Rutaceae Geijera salicifolia Brush Wilga Schott<br />
Rutaceae Geijera salicifolia var. latifolia Schott<br />
Rutaceae Geijera salicifolia var. salicifolia Schott<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca buxifolia (Sm.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca buxifolia subsp. buxifolia (Sm.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca buxifolia subsp. obovata (Sm.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Zieria fraseri Hook.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria fraseri subsp. compacta Hook.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria fraseri subsp. fraseri Hook.<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum ferrugineum Smith<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum ferrugineum var. cordatum Smith<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum ferrugineum var. ferrugineum Smith<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea latifolia R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea latifolia subsp. elliptifolia R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea latifolia subsp. hirsuta R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea ligustrina Labill.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea ligustrina subsp. hypericina Labill.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea ligustrina subsp. ligustrina Labill.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea glauca D.J.Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea glauca subsp. angustifolia D.J.Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea glauca subsp. glauca D.J.Bedford<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum hispidulum Rough Maidenhair Sw.<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum hispidulum var. hispidulum Rough Maidenhair Sw.<br />
adiantaceae Cheilanthes sieberi Kunze<br />
adiantaceae Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi Kunze<br />
anthericaceae Thysanotus tuberosus Common Fringe-lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Thysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus R. Br.<br />
apiaceae Trachymene incisa Rudge<br />
apiaceae Trachymene incisa subsp. incisa Rudge<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum L.<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum forma australasicum Bird’s Nest Fern (J.Sm.) Hook.<br />
asteraceae Calotis scabiosifolia Rough Burr-daisy Sonder & F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Calotis scabiosifolia var. scabiosifolia Sonder & F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Centipeda minima Spreading Sneezeweed (L.) a.Braun & asch.<br />
asteraceae Centipeda minima var. minima (L.) a.Braun & asch.<br />
asteraceae Olearia elliptica Sticky Daisy Bush DC.<br />
asteraceae Olearia elliptica subsp. elliptica DC.<br />
asteraceae Senecio linearifolius a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio linearifolius var. dangarensis a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Vernonia cinerea var. cinerea (L.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cervicularis N.Burb.<br />
219
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia cervicularis var. subcervicularis N.Burb.<br />
Bignoniaceae Pandorea pandorana Wonga Wonga Vine (andrews) Steenis<br />
Bignoniaceae Pandorea pandorana subsp. pandorana (andrews) Steenis<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia stricta var. stricta Common Prickly Pear (Haw.) Haw.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Silene gallica var. gallica French Catchfly L.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Silene gallica var. quinquevulnera Five-wounded Catchfly L.<br />
Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp.<br />
cunninghamiana<br />
Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana x glauca<br />
220<br />
‘River Oak, River<br />
Sheoak’<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula colorata (Nees) Ostenf.<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula colorata var. acuminata (Nees) Ostenf.<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula sieberiana australian Stonecrop (Schult. & Schult.f.) Druce<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula sieberiana subsp. sieberiana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Druce<br />
Cyperaceae Caustis recurvata Spreng.<br />
Cyperaceae Caustis recurvata var. recurvata Spreng.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan subsp. haspan L.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus lepidosperma (F. Muell.) K.L.Wilson<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus lepidosperma subsp. pachylepis (F. Muell.) K.L.Wilson<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia aspera Rough Guinea Flower DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia aspera subsp. aspera DC.<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia viridis andrews<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia viridis subsp. viridis andrews<br />
euphorbiaceae Breynia oblongifolia (Lam.) Muell. arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Breynia oblongifolia Coffee Bush (Muell.arg.) Muell.arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce species a<br />
euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce species B Unknown<br />
euphorbiaceae Drypetes deplanchei Yellow Tulipwood (Brongn. & Gris) Merr.<br />
euphorbiaceae Drypetes deplanchei subsp. deplanchei Yellow Tulipwood (Brongn. & Gris) Merr.<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Senna artemisioides (DC.) Randell<br />
Senna artemisioides subsp. zygophylla (DC.) Randell<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Aotus subglauca Blakely & McKie<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Aotus subglauca var. filiformis Blakely & McKie<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter Pea andrews<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia ulicifolia subsp. ulicifolia andrews<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea species G<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea species I<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Vicia sativa L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Viminaria juncea<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Viminaria juncea Native Broom (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffsgg.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia blakei Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia blakei subsp. diphylla Pedley<br />
Miq.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia buxifolia Box-leaved Wattle Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia buxifolia subsp. buxifolia Box-leaved Wattle Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Link<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia dealbata subsp. dealbata Silver Wattle Link<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia penninervis var. penninervis Mountain Hickory Sieber ex DC.<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium potentilloides L’Her. ex DC.<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium potentilloides var. potentilloides L’Her. ex DC.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia bellidifolia Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia dimorpha Maiden & Betche<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia dimorpha var. angustifolia Maiden & Betche<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia hederacea Ivy Goodenia Sm.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea Sm.<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola albida Pale Fan-flower (Smith) Druce<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola albida var. albida (Smith) Druce<br />
Juncaceae Juncus alexandri L.a.S. Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus alexandri subsp. melanobasis L.a.S. Johnson<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera nivea Snowy Mint-bush a.Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera nivea var. nivea a.Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Lauraceae Cassytha glabella R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Cassytha glabella forma glabella R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Endiandra muelleri Green-leaved Rose<br />
Walnut<br />
221<br />
Meissner<br />
Lauraceae Endiandra muelleri subsp. muelleri Meissner<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra leucocephala Woolly Mat-rush (R. Br.) ewart<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra leucocephala subsp. leucocephala ‘Woolly Mat-rush,<br />
Irongrass’<br />
(R. Br.) ewart<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema pendulum (Sieber ex Sprengel)<br />
Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema pendulum subsp. pendulum (Sieber ex Sprengel)<br />
Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema quandang (Lindley) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema quandang var. quandang (Lindley) Tieghem<br />
Malvaceae Abutilon oxycarpum Flannel Weed (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Malvaceae Abutilon oxycarpum var. oxycarpum (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus sturtii Hill Hibiscus Hook.<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus sturtii var. sturtii Hook.<br />
Menispermaceae Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers<br />
Menispermaceae Stephania japonica var. discolor Snake Vine (Thunb.) Miers<br />
Monimiaceae Daphnandra species a Socketwood<br />
Monimiaceae Daphnandra species D Unknown<br />
Moraceae Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers.<br />
Moraceae Ficus macrophylla subsp. macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Desf. ex Pers.<br />
Moraceae Ficus obliqua Small-leaved Fig G.Forst.<br />
Moraceae Ficus obliqua var. obliqua G.Forst.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Moraceae Ficus rubiginosa ‘Port Jackson Fig, Rusty<br />
Fig’<br />
Moraceae Ficus rubiginosa forma rubiginosa Vent.<br />
Moraceae Trophis scandens Burny Vine (Lour.) Hook. & arn.<br />
Moraceae Trophis scandens subsp. scandens Burny Vine (Lour.) Hook. & arn.<br />
Myoporaceae Myoporum boninense subsp. australe Koidz.<br />
Myoporaceae Myoporum boninense subsp. Australe Boobialla R. Br.<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia trachyphloia White Bloodwood (F. Muell.) Hill & Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia trachyphloia subsp. amphistomatica (F. Muell.) Hill & Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia fascicularis Rudge<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia fascicularis subsp. fascicularis Rudge<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus albens White Box Benth.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus albens x moluccana<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia Cabbage Gum Naudin<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus amplifolia subsp. amplifolia Naudin<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus caleyi Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus caleyi subsp. caleyi Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus paniculata Grey Ironbark Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. paniculata Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus punctata Grey Gum DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus punctata X canaliculata<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus resinifera Red Mahogany Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. resinifera Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus robusta X tereticornis Unknown<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus saligna Sydney Blue Gum Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus saligna X botryoides Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus scias Large-fruited<br />
Mahogany<br />
222<br />
Vent.<br />
L.a.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus scias subsp. scias L.a.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus umbra Broad-leaved White<br />
Mahogany<br />
R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus umbra subsp. umbra R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea sp. ‘Middle Brother Mtn’<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea sp. ‘Mt Kaputar’ (Jackson 2246)<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly-leaved Tea Tree Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca styphelioides var. styphelioides Smith<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia carnea Pink Fingers R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia carnea var. carnea R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium teretifolium (R.Br.) Brieger<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium teretifolium R. Br.<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora herbertiana Ker Gawl.<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora herbertiana subsp. herbertiana Native Passionfruit Ker Gawl.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella longifolia R. Br.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella longifolia var. longifolia R. Br.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Aristida benthamii Three-awned spear<br />
grass<br />
223<br />
Henrard<br />
Poaceae Aristida benthamii var. benthamii Henrard<br />
Poaceae Aristida calycina R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Aristida calycina var. calycina R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia bipartita Kunth<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia bipartita Wallaby Grass (Link) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus Soft Brome L.<br />
Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus subsp. molliformis Soft Brome Lloyd<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia monticola (Roem. & Schult.) Vickery<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola (Roem. & Schult.) Vickery<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia parviseta Vickery<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia parviseta var. parviseta Vickery<br />
Poaceae Dichanthium sericeum Queensland Bluegrass (R. Br.) a.Camus<br />
Poaceae Dichanthium sericeum subsp. sericeum Queensland Bluegrass (R. Br.) a.Camus<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon caespitosus Bushy Hedgehog-grass C.e.Hubb<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon caespitosus var. caespitosus Tufted Hedgehog Grass C.e.Hubb<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon ovatus Forest Hedgehog Grass (G.Forster) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon ovatus var. ovatus (G.Forster) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Elymus scaber (R. Br.) a.Love<br />
Poaceae Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheatgrass (R. Br.) a.Love<br />
Poaceae Hemarthria uncinata Matgrass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Ischaemum australe R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Ischaemum australe var. australe R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Labill.) R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Panicum maximum var. maximum Guinea Grass Jacq.<br />
Poaceae Panicum maximum var. trichoglume Green Panic Jacq.<br />
Poaceae Panicum queenslandicum Yadbila Grass Domin<br />
Poaceae Panicum queenslandicum var. queenslandicum Domin<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth.<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus virginicus var. minor Marine Couch (L.) Kunth.<br />
Poaceae Themeda australis Forsskal<br />
Poaceae Themeda australis Kangaroo Grass (R. Br.) Stapf<br />
Poaceae Triodia scariosa Porcupine Grass N.T.Burb.<br />
Poaceae Triodia scariosa subsp. scariosa N.T.Burb.<br />
Polypodiaceae Microsorum pustulatum Kangaroo Fern (G.Forst.) Copel.<br />
Polypodiaceae Microsorum pustulatum subsp. pustulatum (G.Forst.) Copel.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia Grey Spider Flower (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea buxifolia subsp. buxifolia (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa Sieber ex Spreng.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea diffusa subsp. filipendula Sieber ex Spreng.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea sericea (Sm.) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea sericea subsp. sericea (Sm.) R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Proteaceae Hakea laevipes Gand.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes Gand.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia Needlebush (Salisb.) Britten<br />
Proteaceae Hakea teretifolia subsp. teretifolia (Salisb.) Britten<br />
Ranunculaceae Clematis glycinoides Headache Vine DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides DC.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris andromedifolia a.Cunn.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris andromedifolia subsp.<br />
andromedifolia<br />
224<br />
a.Cunn.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris argyrophylla Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris argyrophylla subsp. argyrophylla Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris ligustrina Sieber ex DC.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris ligustrina subsp. ligustrina Sieber ex DC.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus rosifolius Rose-leaf Bramble Sm.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus rosifolius var. rosifolius Sm.<br />
Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata (G.Forst.) a.C.Sm. &<br />
S.P.Darwin<br />
Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata subsp. buxifolia (G.Forst.) a.C.Sm. &<br />
S.P.Darwin<br />
Rutaceae Boronia rubiginosa endl.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia rubiginosa Rupp’s Boronia Cheel<br />
Rutaceae Leionema elatius Tall Phebalium (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Leionema elatius subsp. beckleri (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium glandulosum Desert Phebalium Hook.<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium glandulosum subsp. angustifolium Hook.<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca myoporoides (DC.) M.J. Bayly<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca myoporoides subsp. myoporoides (DC.) M.J. Bayly<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca salsolifolia (Sm.) Druce<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca salsolifolia subsp. salsolifolia (Sm.) Druce<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon oleifolius ‘Western Rosewood,<br />
Bonaree’<br />
(Desf.) S.Reyn.<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon oleifolius subsp. elongatus (Desf.) S.Reyn.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea sinuolata J.West<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea sinuolata subsp. sinuolata J.West<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica species B<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica species C<br />
Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade L.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Green-berry<br />
Nightshade<br />
a.Braun & Bouche<br />
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong (Schott & endl.) R. Br.<br />
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton populneus subsp. populneus (Schott & endl.) R. Br.<br />
Violaceae Hybanthus vernonii (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Violaceae Hybanthus vernonii subsp. scaber (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Violaceae Viola banksii K.R.Thiele & Prober<br />
Violaceae Viola banksii Labill.<br />
Violaceae Viola betonicifolia Native Violet Smith<br />
Violaceae Viola betonicifolia subsp. betonicifolia Smith
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea latifolia (a.T.Lee) D.J.Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia (a.T.Lee) D.J.Bedford<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia flexuosa C. Moore<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia flexuosa W.Hill & F. Muell.<br />
acanthaceae Brunoniella australis Blue Trumpet (Cav.) Bremek.<br />
acanthaceae Brunoniella pumilio Dwarf Blue Trumpet (R. Br.) Bremek.<br />
acanthaceae Pseuderanthemum variabile Pastel Flower (R. Br.) Radlk.<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair L.<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum atroviride Bostock<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum diaphanum Filmy Maidenhair Blume<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum formosum Giant Maidenhair R. Br.<br />
adiantaceae Adiantum silvaticum Tindale<br />
adiantaceae Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Rock Fern Quirk & Chambers<br />
adiantaceae Cheilanthes distans Bristly Cloak Fern (R. Br.)Mett.<br />
adiantaceae Cheilanthes lasiophylla Pichi-Serm.<br />
adiantaceae Pellaea calidirupium Brownsey & Lovis<br />
adiantaceae Pellaea falcata Sickle Fern (R. Br.) Fee<br />
adiantaceae Pellaea nana Dwarf Sickle Fern (Hook.) Bostock<br />
adiantaceae Pellaea paradoxa (R.Br)Hook.<br />
adiantaceae Pellaea viridis var. viridis Green Cliff Brake (Forssk.) Prantl<br />
agavaceae Agave americana Century Plant L.<br />
aizoaceae Carpobrotus glaucescens ‘Pigface, Iceplant’ (Haw.) Schwantes<br />
aizoaceae Galenia pubescens Galenia (ecklon & Zeyher) Druce<br />
aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum L.<br />
aizoaceae Tetragonia tetragonioides New Zealand Spinach (Pall.) Kuntze<br />
alangiaceae Alangium villosum subsp. polyosmoides Muskwood (Blume) Wangerin<br />
alismataceae Alisma plantago-aquatica Water Plantain L.<br />
alismataceae Damasonium minus Starfruit (R. Br.) Buchenau<br />
alismataceae Sagittaria platyphylla Sagittaria (engelm.) J.G.Sm.<br />
alliaceae Nothoscordum borbonicum Onion Weed Kunth<br />
amaranthaceae Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed R. Br.<br />
amaranthaceae Alternanthera nana Hairy Joyweed R. Br.<br />
amaranthaceae Alternanthera philoxeroides alligator Weed (Martius) Griseb.<br />
amaranthaceae Alternanthera pungens Khaki Weed Kunth<br />
amaranthaceae Alternanthera species a<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus Tumbleweed L.<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus macrocarpus var. pallidus Benth.<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus muricatus Roughfruit amaranth (Moq.) Gillies<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus powellii Powell’s amaranth S.Watson<br />
amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot amaranth L.<br />
amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.<br />
amaranthaceae Gomphrena celosioides Gomphrena Weed C.Martius<br />
amaranthaceae Nyssanthes diffusa Barbwire Weed R. Br.<br />
amaranthaceae Nyssanthes erecta R. Br.<br />
amaranthaceae Ptilotus macrocephalus Green Pussytails (R. Br.) Poiret<br />
225
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
amaranthaceae Ptilotus parvifolius var. laetus (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
amaranthaceae Ptilotus semilanatus (Lindley) J. Black<br />
amaryllidaceae Crinum pedunculatum Swamp Lily R. Br.<br />
amygdalaceae Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plum ehrh.<br />
amygdalaceae Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry L.<br />
amygdalaceae Prunus persica (L.) Batsch<br />
anacardiaceae Euroschinus falcata var. falcata Ribbonwood Hook. f.<br />
anacardiaceae Schinus areira Pepper Tree L.<br />
anthericaceae Arthropodium milleflorum Vanilla Lily (DC.) Macbr.<br />
anthericaceae Arthropodium minus Small Vanilla Lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Arthropodium species B<br />
anthericaceae Caesia calliantha R.Henderson<br />
anthericaceae Dichopogon fimbriatus Nodding Chocolate Lily (R. Br.) J.F. Macbr.<br />
anthericaceae Dichopogon strictus Chocolate Lily (R. Br.) Baker<br />
anthericaceae Laxmannia compacta Conran & P.Forster<br />
anthericaceae Laxmannia gracilis Slender Wire Lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Sowerbaea juncea Vanilla Plant andrews<br />
anthericaceae Thysanotus juncifolius (Salisb.) J.H.Willis & Court<br />
anthericaceae Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-Lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Tricoryne elatior Yellow autumn-lily R. Br.<br />
anthericaceae Tricoryne simplex R. Br.<br />
apiaceae Actinotus gibbonsii F. Muell.<br />
apiaceae Actinotus helianthi Flannel Flower Labill.<br />
apiaceae Actinotus minor Lesser Flannel Flower (Smith) DC.<br />
apiaceae Berula erecta Water Parsnip (Hudson) Cov.<br />
apiaceae Centella asiatica Pennywort (L.) Urban<br />
apiaceae Centella cordifolia (Hook.f.) Nannf.<br />
apiaceae Conium maculatum Hemlock L.<br />
apiaceae Cyclospermum leptophyllum Slender Celery (Pers.) Sprague<br />
apiaceae Eryngium vesiculosum Prostrate Blue Devil Labill.<br />
apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Miller<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle acutiloba (F. Muell.)N.a. Wakef.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle geraniifolia Forest Pennywort F. Muell.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort DC.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle pedicellosa Benth.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle peduncularis a.Rich.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle pterocarpa F. Muell.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle sp. aff. acutiloba Unknown<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle tripartita Pennywort R. Br. ex a.Rich.<br />
apiaceae Hydrocotyle verticillata Shield Pennywort Thunb.<br />
apiaceae Lilaeopsis polyantha Lilaeopsis (Gand.) H.eichler<br />
apiaceae Oreomyrrhis ciliata Hook. f.<br />
apiaceae Oreomyrrhis eriopoda australian Carraway (DC.) Hook. f.<br />
226
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
apiaceae Platysace clelandii (Maiden & e.Betche)<br />
L.Johnson<br />
apiaceae Platysace ericoides (Sieber ex Sprengel)<br />
Norman<br />
apiaceae Platysace lanceolata (Labill.) Druce<br />
apiaceae Platysace linearifolia (Cav.) Norman<br />
apiaceae Torilis nodosa Knotted Hedge-parsley (L.) Gaertner<br />
apiaceae Trachymene procumbens (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
apiaceae Xanthosia atkinsoniana F. Muell.<br />
apiaceae Xanthosia tridentata Rock xanthosia DC.<br />
apocynaceae Alyxia ruscifolia Prickly alyxia R. Br.<br />
apocynaceae Melodinus acutiflorus F. Muell.<br />
apocynaceae Melodinus australis Southern Melodinus (F. Muell.) Pierre<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia brownii Mountain Silkpod (Britten) Pichon<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Gargaloo F. Muell.<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia fulva Furry Silkpod S.T.Blake<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia induplicata Thin-leaved Silkpod F. Muell.<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia lanceolata R. Br.<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia purpurascens Black Silkpod J.B. Williams<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia rotata Veinless Silkpod Maiden & e.Betche<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia straminea Common Silkpod (R. Br.) F. Muell.<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia tenuis Slender Silkpod S.T.Blake<br />
apocynaceae Parsonsia velutina R. Br.<br />
araceae Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi (Bailey) Domin<br />
araceae Gymnostachys anceps Settler’s Flax R. Br.<br />
araceae Typhonium brownii Schott<br />
araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica arum Lily (L.) Sprengel<br />
araliaceae Astrotricha floccosa DC.<br />
araliaceae Astrotricha latifolia Benth.<br />
araliaceae Astrotricha longifolia Benth.<br />
araliaceae Astrotricha obovata Makinson<br />
araliaceae Cephalaralia cephalobotrys Climbing Panax (F. Muell.) Harms<br />
araliaceae Polyscias elegans Celery Wood (C.Moore & F. Muell.) Harms<br />
araliaceae Polyscias murrayi Pencil Cedar (F. Muell.) Harms<br />
araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella Tree (endl.) Harms<br />
araucariaceae Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine aiton ex D. Don<br />
arecaceae Archontophoenix cunninghamiana Bangalow Palm (H.a.Wendl.) H.a.Wendl. &<br />
O.Drude<br />
arecaceae Linospadix monostachya Walking-stick Palm (C.Mart.) H.a.Wendl<br />
arecaceae Livistona australis Cabbage Palm (R. Br.) C.Martius<br />
asclepiadaceae Araujia sericifera Moth Vine Brot.<br />
asclepiadaceae Cynanchum carnosum (R. Br.) Schltr.<br />
asclepiadaceae Cynanchum elegans White-flowered Wax<br />
Plant<br />
asclepiadaceae Gomphocarpus fruticosus Narrow-leaved Cotton<br />
Bush<br />
227<br />
(Benth.) Domin<br />
(L.)Sprengel<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia flavescens Hairy Milk Vine Cunn.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia liisae Large-flowered Milk<br />
Vine<br />
228<br />
J. Williams<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia lloydii Corky Marsdenia P.Forster<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia pleiadenia (F. Muell.) P.I. Forst.<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia rostrata Common Milk Vine R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia suaveolens Scented Marsdenia R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Marsdenia viridiflora subsp. viridiflora Native Pear R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Sarcostemma australe R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight. & arn.<br />
asclepiadaceae Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Tylophora grandiflora Small-leaved Tylophora R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Tylophora paniculata Thin-leaved Tylophora R. Br.<br />
asclepiadaceae Tylophora woollsii Cryptic Forest Twiner Benth.<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus aethiopicus ‘asparagus Fern,<br />
Sprengeri Fern’<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus asparagoides Florist’s Smilax (L.) Willd.<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis asparagus L.<br />
asparagaceae Asparagus plumosus Climbing asparagus<br />
Fern<br />
asphodelaceae Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed L.<br />
asphodelaceae Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily (R. Br.) Haw.<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.)Becherer<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium attenuatum Simple Spleenwort R. Br.<br />
L.<br />
Baker<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum Mother Spleenwort G.Forst.<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern Cav<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium flaccidum subsp. flaccidum Weeping Spleenwort G.Forst.<br />
aspleniaceae Asplenium polyodon Forst.f<br />
aspleniaceae Pleurosorus rutifolius (R. Br.)Fee<br />
asteliaceae Cordyline stricta Narrow-leaved Palm<br />
Lily<br />
(Sweet) endl.<br />
asteraceae Adenostemma lavenia var. lavenia Sticky Daisy (L.) Kuntze<br />
asteraceae Ageratina adenophora Crofton Weed (Sprengel) R.King &<br />
H.Robinson<br />
asteraceae Ageratina riparia Mistflower (Regel) R.King & H.Robinson<br />
asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya Perennial Ragweed DC.<br />
asteraceae Ammobium alatum R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Arctotheca calendula Capeweed (L.) Levyns<br />
asteraceae Arrhenechthites mixta Purple Fireweed (a.Rich.) Belcher<br />
asteraceae Aster subulatus Wild aster Michaux<br />
asteraceae Bidens pilosa Cobbler’s Pegs L.<br />
asteraceae Bidens subalternans Greater Beggar’s Ticks DC.<br />
asteraceae Bidens tripartita Burr Marigold L.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome aculeata Hill Daisy (Labill.) Less.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome decipiens Field Daisy J.D.Hook.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome dentata Gaudich.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome graminea (Labill.) F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome microcarpa F. Muell.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome nodosa P.S. Short & Watan.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome nova-anglica G.Davis<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome procumbens G.Davis<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome radicans Steetz ex Lehm.<br />
asteraceae Brachyscome spathulata Gaudich.<br />
asteraceae Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-heads Less.<br />
asteraceae Calotis cuneata Mountain Burr-Daisy (Benth.) G.L.R.Davis<br />
asteraceae Calotis cuneifolia Purple Burr-Daisy R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Calotis dentex R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Calotis hispidula Bogan Flea (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Calotis lappulacea Yellow Burr-daisy Benth.<br />
asteraceae Carduus nutans subsp. nutans Nodding Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Carduus pycnocephalus Slender Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Slender Thistle Curtis<br />
asteraceae Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia aculeata Dolly Bush (Labill.) R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia adunca F. Muell. ex Sonder<br />
asteraceae Cassinia arcuata Sifton Bush R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia aureonitens Wakef.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia compacta F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia cunninghamii DC.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia denticulata R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia laevis Cough Bush R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia longifolia R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia quinquefaria R. Br.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia species D<br />
asteraceae Cassinia theodori F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia trinerva Wakef.<br />
asteraceae Cassinia uncata Sticky Cassinia Cunn. ex DC.<br />
asteraceae Centaurea calcitrapa Star Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Centaurea melitensis Maltese Cockspur L.<br />
asteraceae Centratherum punctatum subsp. australianum Cass.<br />
asteraceae Chondrilla juncea Skeleton Weed L.<br />
asteraceae Chrysocephalum apiculatum ‘Common everlasting,<br />
Yellow But’<br />
asteraceae Chrysocephalum semicalvum subsp.<br />
semicalvum<br />
229<br />
(Labill.) Steetz<br />
Hill everlasting (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
asteraceae Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered everlasting (Labill.) Steetz.<br />
asteraceae Cineraria lyratiformis african Marigold Cron<br />
asteraceae Cirsium arvense Perennial Thistle (L.) Scop.<br />
asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle (Savi) Ten.<br />
asteraceae Conyza bilbaoana Remy<br />
asteraceae Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane (L.) Cronq.<br />
asteraceae Conyza canadensis var. canadensis Canadian Fleabane (L.) Cronq.<br />
asteraceae Conyza parva Cronq.<br />
asteraceae Conyza sumatrensis Tall fleabane (Retz.) e. Walker
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis L.<br />
asteraceae Cotula australis Common Cotula (Sprengel) J.D.Hook.<br />
asteraceae Cotula coronopifolia Water Buttons L.<br />
asteraceae Craspedia canens everett & Doust<br />
asteraceae Craspedia variabilis everett & Doust<br />
asteraceae Crassocephalum crepidioides Thickhead (Benth.) S.Moore<br />
asteraceae Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawksbeard (L.) Schwaegr.<br />
asteraceae Crepis foetida subsp. vulgaris Stinking Hawksbeard L.<br />
asteraceae Cymbonotus lawsonianus Bear’s ear Gaudich.<br />
asteraceae Cymbonotus preissianus Steetz<br />
asteraceae Delairea odorata Cape Ivy Lam.<br />
asteraceae Dimorphotheca pluvialis Cape Marigold (L.) Moench<br />
asteraceae Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort (L.) Greuter<br />
asteraceae Eclipta platyglossa F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.<br />
asteraceae Enydra fluctuans Lour.<br />
asteraceae Epaltes australis Spreading Nut-heads Less.<br />
asteraceae Erechtites valerianifolia Brazilian Fireweed (Wolf) DC.<br />
asteraceae Erigeron bellidioides (Hook.f.)<br />
S.J.Forbes&D.I.Morris<br />
asteraceae Euchiton gymnocephalus Creeping Cudweed (DC.) anderb.<br />
asteraceae Euchiton involucratus Star Cudweed (G. Forst.) anderb.<br />
asteraceae Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) anderb.<br />
asteraceae Facelis retusa (Lam.) Schultz-Bip.<br />
asteraceae Galinsoga parviflora Cav.<br />
asteraceae Gamochaeta americana Cudweed (Mill.) Wedd.<br />
asteraceae Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera<br />
asteraceae Gamochaeta spicata (Lam.) Cabrera<br />
asteraceae Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertner<br />
asteraceae Glossogyne tannensis Cobbler’s Tack (Sprengel) Garnock-Jones<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum adenophorum var. waddelliae F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum collinum DC.<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum elatum Cunn. ex DC.<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin everlasting DC.<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum rutidolepis Pale everlasting DC.<br />
asteraceae Helichrysum scorpioides Button everlasting Labill.<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Catsear L.<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris microcephala var. albiflora White Flatweed (Schultz-Bip.) Cabrera<br />
asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata Catsear L.<br />
asteraceae Lactuca saligna Willow-leaved Lettuce L.<br />
asteraceae Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce L.<br />
asteraceae Lagenophora gracilis Slender Lagenophora Steetz<br />
asteraceae Lagenophora stipitata ‘Blue Bottle-daisy,<br />
Common Lagenophora’<br />
230<br />
(Labill.) Druce<br />
asteraceae Leiocarpa leptolepis (DC.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. taraxacoides Lesser Hawkbit (Willd.) Merat
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Leptinella filicula (Hook.f.) Hook.f. ex Benth.<br />
asteraceae Leptinella longipes Hook.f.<br />
asteraceae Leucochrysum albicans var. albicans (a.Cunn.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
asteraceae Microseris lanceolata (Walp.) Schultz-Bip.<br />
asteraceae Minuria leptophylla DC.<br />
asteraceae Olearia alpicola alpine Daisy Bush (F. Muell.) F. Muell ex Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia argophylla Native Musk (Labill.) F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia chrysophylla (DC.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia cordata Lander<br />
asteraceae Olearia covenyi Lander<br />
asteraceae Olearia cydoniifolia (Dc.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia decurrens (DC.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia erubescens Silky Daisy Bush (Sieber ex Sprengel) Dippel<br />
asteraceae Olearia microphylla (Vent.) Maiden & e.Betche<br />
asteraceae Olearia myrsinoides Blush Daisy Bush (Labill.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia nernstii (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia oppositifolia (F. Muell.) Lander<br />
asteraceae Olearia phlogopappa (Labill.) DC.<br />
asteraceae Olearia ramosissima (DC.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia ramulosa (Labill.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Olearia tomentosa (Wendl.) DC.<br />
asteraceae Olearia viscidula Wallaby Weed (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
asteraceae Onopordum acanthium subsp. acanthium Scotch Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus adnatus DC.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus bidwillii (Benth.) anderberg<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus dendroideus Tree everlasting (Wakef.) anderb.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus diosmifolius White Dogwood (Vent.)D.C.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus obcordatus DC.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus rufescens DC.<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus tesselatus (Maiden & R. Baker)<br />
anderberg<br />
asteraceae Ozothamnus whitei (N.Burb.) anderberg<br />
asteraceae Podolepis jaceoides Showy Copper-wire<br />
Daisy<br />
231<br />
(Sims) Voss<br />
asteraceae Podolepis neglecta G.Davis<br />
asteraceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Jersey Cudweed (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt<br />
asteraceae Rhodanthe anthemoides (Sprengel) Paul G. Wilson<br />
asteraceae Rutidosis heterogama Heath Wrinklewort Philipson<br />
asteraceae Schkuhria pinnata var. abrotanoides Dwarf Marigold (Lam.) Cabrera<br />
asteraceae Scolymus maculatus Spotted Thistle L.<br />
asteraceae Senecio amygdalifolius F. Muell.<br />
asteraceae Senecio bipinnatisectus Belcher<br />
asteraceae Senecio biserratus Belcher<br />
asteraceae Senecio diaschides D.Drury<br />
asteraceae Senecio glomeratus Poir.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
asteraceae Senecio gunnii (J.D.Hook.) Belcher<br />
asteraceae Senecio jacobaea Ragwort L.<br />
asteraceae Senecio macranthus a.Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio madagascariensis Fireweed Poir.<br />
asteraceae Senecio minimus Poiret<br />
asteraceae Senecio pinnatifolius var. pleiocephalus a. Rich.<br />
asteraceae Senecio prenanthoides I. Thomps<br />
asteraceae Senecio pterophorus DC.<br />
asteraceae Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed Labill.<br />
asteraceae Senecio tenuiflorus (DC.)Sieber ex Schultz-Bip.<br />
asteraceae Senecio velleioides DC.<br />
asteraceae Sigesbeckia australiensis D.L.Schulz<br />
asteraceae Sigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis Indian Weed L.<br />
asteraceae Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle (L.) Gaertn.<br />
asteraceae Solenogyne bellioides Cass.<br />
asteraceae Solenogyne dominii L.adams<br />
asteraceae Solenogyne gunnii (Hook. f.) Cabrera<br />
asteraceae Soliva sessilis Bindyi Ruiz Lopez & Pavon<br />
asteraceae Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens Prickly Sowthistle (L.) Hill<br />
asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle L.<br />
asteraceae Tagetes minuta Stinking Roger L.<br />
asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Weber<br />
asteraceae Tolpis umbellata Bertol.<br />
asteraceae Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify L.<br />
asteraceae Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Turcz.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia muelleri N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia pterochaeta Rough Fuzzweed (Benth.) J.Black<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia pustulata N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia sulcata N.Burb.<br />
asteraceae Vittadinia tenuissima Western New Holland<br />
Daisy<br />
asteraceae Xanthium occidentale ‘Noogoora Burr, Cockle<br />
Burr’<br />
asteraceae Xanthium orientale Californian Burr L.<br />
asteraceae Xanthium spinosum Bathurst Burr L.<br />
232<br />
(Benth.) J.Black<br />
Bertol.<br />
asteraceae Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden everlasting (Vent.) Tzvelev<br />
asteraceae Xerochrysum viscosum (Sieb. ex Spreng.) R.J.Bayer<br />
asteraceae Youngia japonica (L.) DC.<br />
athyriaceae Diplazium assimile (endl.) Beddome<br />
athyriaceae Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Wakef.<br />
avicenniaceae Avicennia marina subsp. australasica Grey Mangrove (Forssk.) Vierh.<br />
azollaceae Azolla filiculoides Lam.<br />
azollaceae Azolla pinnata R. Br.<br />
Balsaminaceae Impatiens walleriana Busy Lizzie Hook. f.<br />
Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine (Ten.) Steenis<br />
Baueraceae Bauera capitata Ser. ex DC.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Baueraceae Bauera microphylla Sieber ex DC.<br />
Baueraceae Bauera rubioides ‘River Rose, Dog Rose’ andrews<br />
Bignoniaceae Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda D.Don<br />
Bignoniaceae Macfadyena unguis-cati Cat’s Claw Creeper (L.) a.Gentry<br />
Bignoniaceae Pandorea jasminoides Bower Vine (Lindley) Schumann<br />
Bignoniaceae Tecoma capensis Cape Honeysuckle (Thunb.) Lindley<br />
Blandfordiaceae Blandfordia grandiflora Christmas Bells R. Br.<br />
Blandfordiaceae Blandfordia nobilis Christmas Bells Smith<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum ambiguum (Presl) Kaulf. ex C.Chr.<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum camfieldii Tind.<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle Fern Sw<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum indicum Swamp Water Fern Burm.f<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum minus Soft Water Fern (R. Br.) ettingsh.<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water Fern (Labill.) Mett. ex Luerssen<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina alpine Water Fern (Poir.) Kuhn<br />
Blechnaceae Blechnum wattsii Hard Water Fern Tind.<br />
Blechnaceae Doodia aspera Prickly Rasp Fern R. Br.<br />
Blechnaceae Doodia australis Common Rasp Fern (Parris) Parris<br />
Blechnaceae Doodia caudata (Cav.) R. Br.<br />
Blechnaceae Doodia linearis J. Sm.<br />
Boraginaceae Anchusa arvensis Wild Bugloss (L.) M.Bieb.<br />
Boraginaceae Austrocynoglossum latifolium (R. Br.) R. Mill<br />
Boraginaceae Cynoglossum australe R. Br.<br />
Boraginaceae Cynoglossum suaveolens R. Br.<br />
Boraginaceae Echium plantagineum Patterson’s Curse L.<br />
Boraginaceae Ehretia acuminata var. acuminata Koda R. Br.<br />
Boraginaceae Heliotropium amplexicaule Blue Heliotrope Vahl<br />
Boraginaceae Myosotis australis australian Forget-menot<br />
Boraginaceae Myosotis discolor Forget-me-not Pers.<br />
Boraginaceae Myosotis exarrhena F. Muell.<br />
Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa Schultz<br />
Brassicaceae Brassica juncea Indian Mustard (L.) Czernj.<br />
Brassicaceae Brassica nigra Black Mustard (L.) Koch ex Koch<br />
Brassicaceae Cakile edentula american Sea Rocket (Bigelow) Hook.<br />
Brassicaceae Cakile maritima Sea Rocket Scop.<br />
Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse (L.) Medikus<br />
Brassicaceae Cardamine astoniae I. Thomps.<br />
Brassicaceae Cardamine gunnii Hewson<br />
Brassicaceae Cardamine lilacina Hook.<br />
Brassicaceae Cardamine paucijuga Turcz.<br />
Brassicaceae Coronopus didymus Lesser Swinecress (L.) Smith<br />
Brassicaceae Hirschfeldia incana Buchan Weed (L.) Lagr.-Fossat<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium africanum (Burmann f.) DC.<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium bonariense L.<br />
233<br />
R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium hyssopifolium aromatic Peppercress Desv.<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium pseudohyssopifolium Peppercress Hewson<br />
Brassicaceae Lepidium pseudotasmanicum Thell.<br />
Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish L.<br />
Brassicaceae Rapistrum rugosum Turnip Weed (L.) all.<br />
Brassicaceae Rorippa eustylis (F. Muell.) L.Johnson<br />
Brassicaceae Rorippa gigantea (J.D.Hook.) Garnock-Jones<br />
Brassicaceae Rorippa laciniata (F. Muell.) L.Johnson<br />
Brassicaceae Rorippa microphylla One-rowed Watercress (Boenn. ex Reichb.)<br />
Hylander<br />
Brassicaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress (L.)Hayek<br />
Brassicaceae Sisymbrium irio London Rocket L.<br />
Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard (L.) Scop.<br />
Brassicaceae Sisymbrium orientale Indian Hedge Mustard L.<br />
Burmanniaceae Burmannia disticha L.<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger Pear Lindley<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa Creeping Pear (Raf.) Raf.<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia monacantha Drooping Pear (Willd.) Haw<br />
Cactaceae Opuntia sp. sensu I.Telford engelm.<br />
Callitrichaceae Callitriche muelleri Sonder<br />
Callitrichaceae Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort Scop.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia ceracea Waxy Bluebell Loth.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell Carolin<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilenta annual Bluebell Lothian<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling or australian<br />
Bluebell<br />
234<br />
(G.Forster) a.DC.<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia littoricola P.J.Smith<br />
Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia luteola P.J.Smith<br />
Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa Indian Hemp L.<br />
Capparaceae Capparis arborea (F. Muell.) Maiden<br />
Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle Thunb.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Arenaria leptoclados Lesser Thyme-leaved<br />
Sandwort<br />
Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved<br />
Sandwort<br />
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium balearicum Lesser Mouse-ear<br />
Chickweed<br />
(Reichb.) Guss.<br />
L.<br />
Herm.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Mouse-ear Chickweed Thuill.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium vulgare Mouse-ear Chickweed Hartm.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Paronychia brasiliana Chilean Whitlow Wort DC.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P.Ball & Heyw.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P.Ball & Heyw.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved allseed (L.) L.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Scleranthus biflorus (Forster & Forster f.) Hook. f<br />
Caryophyllaceae Scleranthus diander R. Br.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia subsp. alba White Campion Poir.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Silene nocturna L.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Caryophyllaceae Spergularia rubra Sandspurry (L.) J. S. & C. Presl<br />
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria angustifolia Swamp Starwort Hook.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria flaccida Hook.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common Chickweed Villars<br />
Caryophyllaceae Stellaria pungens Prickly Starwort Brongn.<br />
Caryophyllaceae Vaccaria hispanica Cow Soapwort (Mill.) Rauschert<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina defungens Dwarf Heath Casuarina L. Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina diminuta subsp. diminuta L.a.S.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina distyla (Vent.) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina gymnanthera L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak (Salisb.) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina luehmannii Bulloak (R.Baker) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina nana (Sieber ex Sprengel)<br />
L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina ophiolitica L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina rigida subsp. rigida (Miq.) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina simulans Nabiac Casuarina L. Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak (aiton) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak (Lam.) L.Johnson<br />
Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. incana L.<br />
Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Swamp Oak Sprengel<br />
Celastraceae Celastrus australis Staff VIne Harvey & F. Muell.<br />
Celastraceae Celastrus subspicata Hook.<br />
Celastraceae Denhamia celastroides Denhamia (F. Muell.) Jessup<br />
Celastraceae Elaeodendron australe Vent.<br />
Celastraceae Hippocratea barbata Knot Vine F. Muell.<br />
Celastraceae Maytenus bilocularis X silvestris<br />
Celastraceae Maytenus cunninghamii Yellow-berry Bush (Hook.) Loes.<br />
Celastraceae Maytenus silvestris Narrow-leaved<br />
Orangebark<br />
Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis fascicularis Labill.<br />
235<br />
Lander & L.Johnson<br />
Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis strigosa subsp. strigosa (R. Br.) Roem. & Schult.<br />
Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort L.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Atriplex australasica Moq.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Atriplex cinerea Grey Saltbush Poiret<br />
Chenopodiaceae Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC<br />
Chenopodiaceae Atriplex semibaccata Creeping Saltbush R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album Fat Hen L.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium auricomiforme Murr & Thell.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium carinatum Keeled Goosefoot R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium glaucum L.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium melanocarpum Black Crumbweed (J.Black) J.Black<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium murale Nettle-leaf Goosefoot L.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium pumilio Small Crumbweed R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia hastata Berry Saltbush (R. Br.) a.J.Scott<br />
Chenopodiaceae Einadia polygonoides (Murr) Paul G.Wilson
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Chenopodiaceae Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby Saltbush R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Maireana enchylaenoides (F. Muell.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
Chenopodiaceae Maireana microphylla (Moq.) Paul G.Wilson<br />
Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana Moq.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia parabolica R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia spinescens R. Br.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Salsola tragus L.<br />
Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.)<br />
a.J.Scott<br />
Chenopodiaceae Sclerolaena birchii Galvinized Burr (F. Muell.) Domin<br />
Chenopodiaceae Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq.<br />
Chloanthaceae Chloanthes glandulosa R. Br.<br />
Chloanthaceae Chloanthes parviflora Walp.<br />
Chloanthaceae Chloanthes stoechadis R. Br.<br />
Chloanthaceae Spartothamnella juncea (Cunn. ex Walp.) Briq.<br />
Clusiaceae Hypericum gramineum Small St John’s Wort G.Forster<br />
Clusiaceae Hypericum japonicum Thunb.<br />
Clusiaceae Hypericum perforatum St. Johns Wort L.<br />
Colchicaceae Burchardia umbellata Milkmaids R. Br.<br />
Colchicaceae Wurmbea biglandulosa (R. Br.) T.Macfarl.<br />
Colchicaceae Wurmbea dioica subsp. dioica early Nancy (R. Br.) F. Muell.<br />
Commelinaceae Aneilema acuminatum R. Br.<br />
Commelinaceae Aneilema biflorum R. Br.<br />
Commelinaceae Commelina africana L.<br />
Commelinaceae Commelina cyanea Native Wandering Jew R. Br.<br />
Commelinaceae Murdannia graminea (R. Br.) G.a.Brueckner<br />
Commelinaceae Pollia crispata (R. Br.) Benth.<br />
Commelinaceae Tradescantia albiflora Wandering Jew Vell.<br />
Convolvulaceae Calystegia marginata R. Br.<br />
Convolvulaceae Calystegia soldanella (L.) Roemer & Schultes<br />
Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L.<br />
Convolvulaceae Convolvulus erubescens Sims<br />
Convolvulaceae Convolvulus graminetinus R.W.Johnson<br />
Convolvulaceae Cuscuta australis australian Dodder R. Br.<br />
Convolvulaceae Cuscuta campestris Golden Dodder Yuncker<br />
Convolvulaceae Dichondra repens Kidney Weed Forster & G.Forster<br />
Convolvulaceae Dichondra species a<br />
Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens L.<br />
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet<br />
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica Blue Morning Glory (Burman) Merr.<br />
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis (L.) R. Br.<br />
Convolvulaceae Polymeria calycina R. Br.<br />
Convolvulaceae Wilsonia backhousei Narrow-leafed Wilsonia Hook. f.<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula decumbens var. decumbens Thunb.<br />
Crassulaceae Crassula helmsii Swamp Stonecrop (Kirk) Cockayne<br />
236
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Cucurbitaceae Cucumis myriocarpus subsp. leptodermis Paddy Melon Naudin<br />
Cucurbitaceae Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffrey<br />
Cucurbitaceae Sicyos australis endl.<br />
Cucurbitaceae Zehneria cunninghamii Slender Cucumber F. Muell.<br />
Cunoniaceae Aphanopetalum resinosum Gum Vine endl.<br />
Cunoniaceae Caldcluvia paniculosa Soft Corkwood (F. Muell.) Hoogl.<br />
Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia Black Wattle andrews<br />
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum apetalum Coachwood D.Don<br />
Cunoniaceae Ceratopetalum gummiferum Christmas Bush Smith<br />
Cunoniaceae Schizomeria ovata Crabapple D.Don<br />
Cunoniaceae Vesselowskya rubifolia Southern Marara (F. Muell.) Pampan.<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris endlicheri Black Cypress Pine (Parl.) Bailey<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Pine J.Thompson & L.Johnson<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris gracilis subsp. gracilis R. T. Baker<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris macleayana Stringybark Pine (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris muelleri (Parl.) F. Muell.<br />
Cupressaceae Callitris rhomboidea Port Jackson Pine R. Br. ex a. Rich. & Rich.<br />
Cyatheaceae Cyathea australis Rough Treefern (R. Br.) Domin<br />
Cyatheaceae Cyathea cooperi Straw Treefern (Hook.ex F. Muell.) Domin<br />
Cyatheaceae Cyathea leichhardtiana Prickly Treefern (F. Muell.)Copel<br />
Cyperaceae Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea acuta (Labill.) Palla<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea arthrophylla (Nees) Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea articulata Jointed Twig-rush (R. Br.) S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea gunnii (J.D.Hook.) S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea juncea (R. Br.) Palla<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea muelleri (C.B.Clarke) S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea nuda (Steudel) S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea rubiginosa (Sprengel) Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Baumea teretifolia (R. Br.) Palla<br />
Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus caldwellii (V.Cook) Sojak<br />
Cyperaceae Bulbostylis densa (Wallich) Hand.-Mazz.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex appressa Tall Sedge R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex breviculmis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex brunnea Thunb.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex declinata Boott<br />
Cyperaceae Carex echinata Star Sedge Murray<br />
Cyperaceae Carex fascicularis Tassel Sedge Sol. ex Boott<br />
Cyperaceae Carex gaudichaudiana Kunth<br />
Cyperaceae Carex incomitata K.Thiele<br />
Cyperaceae Carex inversa Knob Sedge R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex lobolepis F. Muell.<br />
Cyperaceae Carex longebrachiata Bergalia Tussock Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Carex maculata Boott<br />
Cyperaceae Carex polyantha F. Muell.<br />
237
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Cyperaceae Carex tereticaulis F. Muell.<br />
Cyperaceae Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Caustis pentandra R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Chorizandra cymbaria R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Chorizandra sphaerocephala R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cladium procerum S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Cyathochaeta diandra (R. Br.) Nees<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) endl.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis Dirty Dora L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus disjunctus C.B.Clarke<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus eglobosus K.L.Wilson<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus enervis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus eragrostis Umbrella Sedge Lam.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus exaltatus Retz.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus flaccidus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus flavescens L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus flavidus Retz.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus fulvus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus gracilis Slender Flat-sedge R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus imbecillis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus laevis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus lhotskyanus Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus lucidus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus papyrus L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos Rottb.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Nutgrass L.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus sanguinolentus M.Vahl<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Kuk.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus sphaeroideus L.Johnson & O.evans<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus tenellus L.f.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus tetraphyllus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus trinervis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus vaginatus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Cyperus victoriensis C.B.Clarke<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis cylindrostachys Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis equisetina C.Presl<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis gracilis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis minuta Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis pusilla R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Eleocharis sphacelata Tall Spike Rush R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-rush (Rottb.) R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-sedge (L.) M.Vahl<br />
Cyperaceae Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) M.Vahl<br />
238
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia aspera Rough Saw-sedge (R. Br.) Sprengel<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedge Benl<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia erythrocarpa R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia melanocarpa Black Fruit Saw-sedge R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia microstachya Benth.<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia radula (R. Br.) Benth.<br />
Cyperaceae Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge Kunth<br />
Cyperaceae Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus (R. Br.) J.D.Hook.<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis cernua Nodding Club-rush (Vahl) Roemer & Schultes<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis crassiuscula J.D.Hook.<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis habra (edgar) Sojak<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis hookeriana Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis inundata R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Isolepis prolifera (Rottb.) R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma concavum R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma curtisiae K.L.Wilson & D.I.Morris<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma elatius Labill.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma filiforme Labill.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma forsythii a.a.Ham.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma gunnii Boeck.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma latens K.L.Wilson<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma laterale R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma limicola Wakef.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma longitudinale Labill.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma neesii Kunth<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma quadrangulatum a.a.Ham.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma tortuosum F. Muell.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma urophorum Wakef.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepidosperma viscidum R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin<br />
Cyperaceae Ptilothrix deusta (R. Br.) K.L.Wilson<br />
Cyperaceae Rhynchospora brownii Roemer & Schultes<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Kerner<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus subulatus (Vahl) Lye<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus validus (M.Vahl) a.Love & D.Love<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus apogon Fluke Bogrush Roemer & Schultes<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus brevifolius R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus calyptratus Kuk.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus ericetorum R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus imberbis R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus kennyi (Bailey) S.T.Blake<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus maschalinus Roemer & Schultes<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus melanostachys R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus nitens (R. Br.) Poiret<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus paludosus (R. Br.) Poiret<br />
239
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus scabripes Benth.<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus turbinatus (R. Br.) Poiret<br />
Cyperaceae Schoenus villosus R. Br.<br />
Cyperaceae Scirpus polystachyus F. Muell.<br />
Cyperaceae Scleria mackaviensis Boeckeler<br />
Cyperaceae Tetraria capillaris (F. Muell.) J.Black<br />
Cyperaceae Tricostularia pauciflora (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
Cyperaceae Uncinia tenella R. Br.<br />
Davalliaceae Arthropteris beckleri (Hook) Mett.<br />
Davalliaceae Arthropteris tenella (Forster f.) J. Smith<br />
Davalliaceae Davallia solida var. pyxidata Hare’s Foot Fern (G. Forst.) Sw.<br />
Davalliaceae Nephrolepis cordifolia Fishbone Fern (L.) Schott<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia davallioides Lacy Ground Fern (R. Br.) T.Moore<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Histiopteris incisa Bat’s Wing Fern (Thunb.) J.Smith<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis glandulifera Brownsey & Chinnock<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis muelleri Harsh Ground Fern Wakef.<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis rugosula (Labill.) J.Smith<br />
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium esculentum Bracken (Forster f.) Cockayne<br />
Dicksoniaceae Calochlaena dubia Common Ground Fern (R. Br.) M. Turner & R. White<br />
Dicksoniaceae Dicksonia antarctica Soft Treefern Labill<br />
Dilleniaceae Adrastaea salicifolia DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia acicularis (Labill.) F. Muell.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia bracteata (DC.) Benth.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia circumdans Conn<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia cistiflora subsp. cistiflora N.a.Wakef.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia cistoidea (Hook.) C.White<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia dentata Twining Guinea Flower R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia diffusa R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia empetrifolia subsp. empetrifolia (DC.) Hoogland<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia fasciculata R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia hermanniifolia DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia incana (Lindley) Toelken<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia linearis R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia monogyna R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia nitida (R. Br ex DC.) Benth.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia obtusifolia Hoary guinea flower (DC.) a.Gray<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia pedunculata R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia procumbens Spreading Guinea<br />
Flower<br />
240<br />
(Labill.) DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia riparia (R. Br. ex DC.) Hoogl.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia rufa Wakef.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia saligna R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia scandens Climbing Guinea<br />
Flower<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia serpyllifolia DC.<br />
(Willd.) Dryand.<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia vestita Cunn. ex Benth.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia villosa Conn<br />
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia virgata subsp. virgata R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea transversa Native Yam R. Br.<br />
Doryanthaceae Doryanthes excelsa Gymea/Giant Lily Corr. Serr.<br />
Droseraceae Drosera auriculata Backh. ex Planchon<br />
Droseraceae Drosera binata Forked Sundew Labill.<br />
Droseraceae Drosera glanduligera Pimpernel Sundew Lehm.<br />
Droseraceae Drosera peltata Thunb.<br />
Droseraceae Drosera pygmaea DC.<br />
Droseraceae Drosera spatulata Labill.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Arachniodes aristata (Forster f.)Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield Fern (Houlston)Morton<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis decomposita Trim Shield Fern (R. Br.) Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis hispida Bristly Shield Fern (Sw.) Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis microsora subsp. microsora (endl.) Tindale<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis munita Naked Shield Fern (Mett.) Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Lastreopsis smithiana Smooth Shield Fern Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum australiense Harsh Shield Fern Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum fallax Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum formosum Broad Shield Fern Tind.<br />
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield Fern (R. Br.) Presl<br />
ebenaceae Diospyros australis Black Plum (R. Br.) Hiern<br />
ebenaceae Diospyros fasciculosa Grey ebony (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
ebenaceae Diospyros pentamera Myrtle ebony (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
elaeocarpaceae Aristotelia australasica Mountain Wineberry F. Muell.<br />
elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus holopetalus Black Olive Berry F. Muell.<br />
elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kirtonii Silver Quandong Bailey<br />
elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus obovatus Hard Quandong G.Don<br />
elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry ash Smith<br />
elaeocarpaceae Sloanea australis Maiden’s Blush (Benth.) F. Muell.<br />
elaeocarpaceae Sloanea woollsii Yellow Carabeen F. Muell.<br />
elatinaceae Elatine gratioloides Waterwort Cunn.<br />
epacridaceae Acrothamnus hookeri Sonder<br />
epacridaceae Acrotriche aggregata R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Acrotriche divaricata R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Acrotriche rigida B.Paterson<br />
epacridaceae Acrotriche serrulata Honeypots R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry (Cav.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Astroloma pinifolium Pine Heath (R. Br.) Benth.<br />
epacridaceae Brachyloma scortechinii F. Muell.<br />
epacridaceae Dracophyllum secundum R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris breviflora Stapf<br />
epacridaceae Epacris calvertiana var. calvertiana F. Muell.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris coriacea Cunn. ex DC.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris crassifolia R. Br.<br />
241
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
epacridaceae Epacris longiflora Fuchsia Heath Cav.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris muelleri Sonder<br />
epacridaceae Epacris obtusifolia Blunt-leaf Heath Smith<br />
epacridaceae Epacris pulchella Cav.<br />
epacridaceae Epacris reclinata Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon amplexicaulis (Rudge) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon appressus R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon attenuatus Cunn.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon deformis R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon ericoides (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon esquamatus R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon fraseri Cunn.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon juniperinus Prickly Beard-heath R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon leptospermoides R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon margarodes R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon muticus Blunt Beard-heath R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon neoanglicus F. Muell. ex Benth<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon parviflorus Coastal Beard-heath (andrews) Lindley<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon rodwayi Summerh.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon setiger R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon sp. aff. fraseri<br />
epacridaceae Leucopogon virgatus (Labill.) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Lissanthe sapida Native Cranberry R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Melichrus erubescens Ruby Urn Heath Cunn. ex DC.<br />
epacridaceae Melichrus procumbens Jam Tarts (Cav.) Druce<br />
epacridaceae Melichrus sp. aff. urceolatus Unknown<br />
epacridaceae Melichrus urceolatus Urn Heath R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Monotoca elliptica Tree Broom-heath (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Monotoca scoparia (Smith) R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Sprengelia incarnata Smith<br />
epacridaceae Sprengelia sprengelioides (R. Br.) Druce<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia longifolia R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia triflora Pink Five-Corners andrews<br />
epacridaceae Styphelia tubiflora Smith<br />
epacridaceae Trochocarpa laurina Tree Heath R. Br.<br />
epacridaceae Trochocarpa montana Mountain Tree Heath<br />
epacridaceae Woollsia pungens (Cav.) F. Muell.<br />
ericaceae Gaultheria appressa White Waxberry a.W.Hill<br />
eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon australe R. Br.<br />
eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon scariosum Smith<br />
escalloniaceae Abrophyllum ornans Native Hydrangea (F. Muell.) Hook. f. ex Benth.<br />
escalloniaceae Cuttsia viburnea F. Muell.<br />
escalloniaceae Polyosma cunninghamii Featherwood Bennett<br />
escalloniaceae Quintinia sieberi Possumwood a.DC.<br />
escalloniaceae Quintinia verdonii Grey Possumwood F. Muell.<br />
242
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
euphorbiaceae Acalypha nemorum F. Muell. ex Muell. arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Actephila lindleyi (Steudel) airy Shaw<br />
euphorbiaceae Alchornea ilicifolia Native Holly (J.Smith) Muell. arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Baloghia inophylla Brush Bloodwood (G.Forster)P.Green<br />
euphorbiaceae Bertya gummifera Planchon<br />
euphorbiaceae Bertya oblonga Blakely<br />
euphorbiaceae Bertya oleifolia Planchon<br />
euphorbiaceae Beyeria viscosa ‘Pinkwood, Sticky<br />
wallaby Bush’<br />
243<br />
(Labill.) Miq.<br />
euphorbiaceae Bridelia exaltata Brush Ironbark F. Muell.<br />
euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce dallachyana (Baillon) Hassall<br />
euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce drummondii Caustic Weed (Boiss.) Hassall<br />
euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce wheeleri (Baillon) Hassall<br />
euphorbiaceae Claoxylon australe Brittlewood Baillon<br />
euphorbiaceae Cleistanthus cunninghamii Muell. arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Croton insularis Silver Croton Baillon<br />
euphorbiaceae Croton verreauxii Native Cascarilla Baillon<br />
euphorbiaceae Euphorbia eremophila Desert Spurge Cunn.<br />
euphorbiaceae Euphorbia planiticola Plains Spurge Hassall<br />
euphorbiaceae Glochidion sumatranum Umbrella Cheese Tree Miq.<br />
euphorbiaceae Homalanthus populifolius Graham<br />
euphorbiaceae Mallotus philippensis Red Kamala (Lam.) Muell.arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Micrantheum ericoides Desf.<br />
euphorbiaceae Micrantheum hexandrum J.D.Hook.<br />
euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus gunnii J.D.Hook.<br />
euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus hirtellus F. Muell. ex Mull.arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus occidentalis J.T. Hunter & J.J. Bruhl<br />
euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus similis Muell.arg.<br />
euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forster<br />
euphorbiaceae Poranthera corymbosa Brongn.<br />
euphorbiaceae Poranthera ericifolia Rudge<br />
euphorbiaceae Poranthera microphylla Brongn.<br />
euphorbiaceae Pseudanthus divaricatissimus (Muell.arg.) Benth.<br />
euphorbiaceae Pseudanthus orientalis (Baillon) F. Muell.<br />
euphorbiaceae Pseudanthus pimeleoides Sieber ex Sprengel<br />
euphorbiaceae Ricinocarpos pinifolius Wedding Bush Desf.<br />
euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant L.<br />
euphorbiaceae Vernicia fordii Tung Oil Tree (Hemsley) airy Shaw<br />
eupomatiaceae Eupomatia laurina Bolwarra R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Senna aciphylla (Benth.) Randell<br />
Senna barclayana Smooth Senna (Sweet) Randell<br />
Senna clavigera (Domin) Randell<br />
Senna coronilloides (Benth.) Randell
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Fabaceae<br />
(Caesalpinioideae)<br />
Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby<br />
Senna form taxon ‘artemisioides’ DC.<br />
Senna odorata (Morris) Randell<br />
Senna pendula var. glabrata (Willd.) H.Irwin & Barneby<br />
Senna septemtrionalis arsenic Bush (Viv.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Almaleea paludosa (J.Thompson) Crisp &<br />
P.Weston<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Aotus ericoides (Vent.) G.Don<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Aotus lanigera Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Austrosteenisia blackii var. blackii Blood Vine (F. Muell.) R.Geesink<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea buxifolia Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea ensata Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea heterophylla Variable Bossiaea Vent.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea lenticularis DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea neo-anglica F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea obcordata Spiny Bossiaea (Vent.) Druce<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea prostrata R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea scolopendria (andrews) Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea scortechinii F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Bossiaea stephensonii F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Canavalia rosea Coastal Jack Bean (Sw.) DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Chorizema parviflorum eastern Flame Pea Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Cullen tenax emu-foot (Lindl.) J.W. Grimes<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Cytisus scoparius subsp. scoparius english Broom (L.) Link<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia acicularis Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia alata Sm.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia arborea W.Hill<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia benthamii subsp. humilis Meissner<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia corymbosa Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia genistifolia Broom Bitter Pea Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia latifolia R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia leptophylla Cunn. ex Don.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia mimosoides R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia pubigera Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia squarrosa Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia suaveolens Crisp<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Daviesia umbellulata Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Derris involuta (DC.) Sprague<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium brachypodum Large Tick-trefoil a.Gray<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium gunnii Slender tick trefoil Bemth. ex Hook. f.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium heterocarpon var. heterocarpon (L.) DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium nemorosum F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
244
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium rhytidophyllum F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Desmodium varians Slender Tick-trefoil (Labill.) G.Don<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia acicularis Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia elegans endl.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia floribunda Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia glaberrima Sm.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia juniperina Lodd.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia phylicoides Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia ramosissima Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia retorta species complex (J.C.Wendl.) Druce<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia rudis Sieber ex DC<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia sericea Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia sieberi Stendel<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia sp. ‘trichopoda’ Maiden & Boorman s.n.<br />
NSW40290<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Dillwynia tenuifolia Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Erythrina crista-galli Cockspur Coral Tree L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Erythrina X sykesii Coral tree Barneby & Krukoff<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine canescens Silky Glycine F.J. Herm.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine clandestina Wendl.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine latifolia (Benth.) Newell & Hymowitz<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine microphylla Tindale<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine pacifica B. Pfeil & Tindale ms (Grace<br />
946)<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine stenophita B.Pfeil & Tindale<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine tabacina Glycine (Labill.) Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Glycine tomentella Woolly Glycine Hayata<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium glabratum Dainty Wedge Pea DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium grandiflorum Large Wedge Pea Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium huegelii Pale Wedge Pea Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium inconspicuum Crisp<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium latifolium Golden Glory Pea Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium minus Dwarf Wedge Pea Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium pinnatum Pinnate Wedge Pea Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Gompholobium uncinatum Red Wedge Pea Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Goodia lotifolia Salisb.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsaparilla (Schneev.) Stearn<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea heterophylla a.Cunn. ex Hook. f.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea lanceolata Sims<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea linearis (Smith) R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea longifolia R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea longipes Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea purpurea Sweet<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Hovea rosmarinifolia Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera adesmiifolia a.Gray<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera australis australian Indigo Willd.<br />
245
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera baileyi Bailey’s Indigo F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera coronillifolia Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Indigofera efoliata Leafless Indigo F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Jacksonia scoparia Dogwood Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Kennedia prostrata Running Postman R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Kennedia rubicunda Red Kennedy Pea (Schneev.) Vent.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Lespedeza juncea subsp. sericea (L.) Pers.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Lotus australis australian Trefoil andrews<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Lotus uliginosus Birds-foot Trefoil Schk.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago arabica Spotted Burr Medic (L.) Hudson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago laciniata Cut-leaved Medic (L.) Miller<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago lupulina Black Medic L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago minima Woolly Burr Medic (L.) Bartal.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago orbicularis Button Medic (L.) Bartal.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago polymorpha Burr Medic L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago praecox Small-leaved Burr<br />
Medic<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago sativa Lucerne L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic Gaertner<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Mirbelia baueri (Benth.) J.Thompson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Mirbelia platylobioides (DC.) J.Thompson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Mirbelia pungens Cunn. ex G. Don<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Mirbelia rubiifolia (andrews) G.Don<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Mirbelia speciosa subsp. speciosa Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Oxylobium arborescens Tall Shaggy Pea R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Oxylobium ellipticum Common Shaggy Pea (Vent.) R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Oxylobium pulteneae Wiry Shaggy Pea DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Oxylobium robustum Tree Shaggy Pea J.Thompson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Phyllota phylicoides Heath Phyllota (DC.) Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Phyllota squarrosa Dense Phyllota (DC.) Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Podolobium aciculiferum Needle Shaggy Pea F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Podolobium aestivum<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Podolobium ilicifolium Prickly Shaggy Pea andr.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Podolobium scandens Netted Shaggy Pea (Sm.) DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea blakelyi J.Thompson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea cinerascens Maiden & e. Betche<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea daphnoides Wendl.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea echinula Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea euchila DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea fasciculata Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea flexilis Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea foliolosa Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea glabra Smooth Bush-Pea Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea lapidosa Corrick<br />
246<br />
DC.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea linophylla Schrader & Wendl.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea microphylla Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea myrtoides Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea paleacea Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea polifolia Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea retusa Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea rosmarinifolia Lindley<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea scabra R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea spinosa (DC.) H.Williamson<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea stipularis Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea tuberculata Pers.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea villifera DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Pultenaea villosa Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Rhynchosia minima Ryncho (L.) DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Sphaerolobium minus Labill.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Sphaerolobium vimineum Smith<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona behriana F. Muell. ex J.Black<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona brachycarpa Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona colutoides Bladder Senna F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona galegifolia Smooth Darling Pea (andrews) R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona queenslandica Joy Thomps.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona reticulata J.Black<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Swainsona swainsonioides (Benth.) a. Lee ex J. Black<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Templetonia stenophylla Leafy Templetonia (F. Muell.) J.Black<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Tephrosia brachyodon Domin<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium angustifolium Narrow-leaved Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium arvense Haresfoot Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium campestre Hop Clover Schreber<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium cernuum Drooping-flowered<br />
Clover<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium dubium Yellow Suckling Clover Sibth.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium glomeratum Clustered Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium pratense Red Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium repens White Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium scabrum Rough Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover L.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Trigonella suavissima Coopers Clover Lindley<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia Wild Cow Pea (L.) a.Rich.<br />
Fabaceae (Faboideae) Zornia dyctiocarpa var. dyctiocarpa Zornia DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia amblygona Fan Wattle Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia barringtonensis Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia baueri subsp. baueri Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia binervata Two-veined Hickory DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia binervia Coast Myall (J.C. Wendl.) J.F. Macbr.<br />
247<br />
Brot.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia brownii Heath Wattle (Poiret) Steudel<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia bulgaensis Tind. & Stuart J. Davies<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia bynoeana Bynoe’s Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia caesiella Blue Bush Maiden & Blakely<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia cheelii Motherumbah Blakely<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia concurrens Curracabah Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia costiniana Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia crassa subsp. crassa Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia cremiflora B.J. Conn & Tame<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia cultriformis Knife-leaved Wattle G.Don<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia dangarensis Tindale & Kodela<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia decora Western Golden Wattle H.G.Reichb.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia decurrens ‘Black Wattle, Green<br />
Wattle’<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia doratoxylon Currawang a.Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia dorothea Dorothy’s Wattle Maiden<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia echinula Hedgehog Wattle DC.<br />
248<br />
Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia elata Mountain Cedar Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia elongata Swamp Wattle Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia falcata Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia falciformis Broad-leaved Hickory DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia filicifolia Fern-leaved Wattle Cheel & Welch<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia fimbriata Fringed Wattle Cunn. ex Don<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia floribunda White Sally (Vent.) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia fulva Velvet Wattle Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia gladiiformis Sword-leaved Wattle Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia gunnii Ploughshare Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia hamiltoniana Hamilton’sWattle Maiden<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia hispidula (Smith) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia implexa Hickory Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia ixiophylla Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia ixodes Motherumbung Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia kulnurensis Tindela & Coveny ms.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia leiocalyx subsp. leiocalyx Curracabah (Domin) Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia leucoclada Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia leucolobia Sweet<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia linearifolia Narrow-leaved Wattle Cunn. ex Maiden & Blakely<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia linifolia Flax-leaved Wattle (Vent.) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia longissima Narrow-leaved Wattle H.L.Wendl.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia lunata Lunate-leaved acacia G.Lodd<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia maidenii Maiden’s Wattle F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia matthewii Tindale & S.J. Davies<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood R. Br.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia melvillei Yarran Pedley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia montana Mallee Wattle Benth.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia muelleriana Maiden & R. Baker<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia myrtifolia Red-stemmed Wattle (Smith) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia neriifolia Silver Wattle Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia nova-anglica New england Hickory Williams ms.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia obtusata Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia obtusifolia Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia parramattensis Parramatta Wattle Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia parvipinnula Silver-stemmed Wattle Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia pendula Boree Cunn. ex Don<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia piligera a.Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia pilligaensis Pilliga Wattle Maiden<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia podalyriifolia Queensland Silver<br />
Wattle<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia polybotrya Western Silver Wattle Benth.<br />
249<br />
Cunn. ex Don<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia pravifolia Coil-pod Wattle F. Muell.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia prominens Gosford Wattle Cunn. ex Don<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia quadrilateralis DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia rubida Red-leaved Wattle Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia saliciformis Tind.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia salicina Cooba Lindley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle (Labill.)H.L.Wendl.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia schinoides Green Cedar Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia spectabilis Mudgee Wattle Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia stricta Straight Wattle (andrews) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle (Smith) Willd.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia subulata awl-leaved Wattle Bonpl.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia trinervata Three-nerved Wattle Sieber ex DC.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia triptera Spurwing Wattle Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses (Salisb.) Court<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia uncinata Gold-dust Wattle Lindley<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia venulosa Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Acacia verniciflua Varnish Wattle Cunn.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Neptunia gracilis forma gracilis Sensitive Plant Benth.<br />
Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Pararchidendron pruinosum var. pruinosum Snow Wood (Benth.) I.C.Nielsen<br />
Flacourtiaceae Berberidopsis beckleri (F. Muell.) Veldk.<br />
Flacourtiaceae Dovyalis caffra Kei apple (Hook. f. & Harvey) Warb.<br />
Flacourtiaceae Scolopia braunii Flintwood (Klotzsch) Sleumer<br />
Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica Whip Vine L.<br />
Fumariaceae Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis Wall Fumitory Sonder ex Koch<br />
Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury Rafn<br />
Gentianaceae Centaurium spicatum Spike Centaury (L.) e.Jansen<br />
Gentianaceae Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffm. & Link) Fritsch
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Gentianaceae Chionogentias barringtonensis (Griseb.) J.H.Willis<br />
Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium Common Crowfoot (L.) L’Her. ex aiton<br />
Geraniaceae Erodium crinitum Blue Storksbill Carolin<br />
Geraniaceae Erodium moschatum Musky Crowfoot (L.) aiton<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium homeanum Turcz.<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium molle subsp. molle Cranesbill Geranium L.<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium neglectum Carolin<br />
Geraniaceae Geranium retrorsum L’Her. ex DC.<br />
Geraniaceae Pelargonium australe Native Storksbill Willd.<br />
Geraniaceae Pelargonium inodorum Willd.<br />
Gesneriaceae Fieldia australis a.Cunn.<br />
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia dicarpa ‘Pouched Coral Fern,<br />
Tangle Fern’<br />
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia microphylla R. Br.<br />
Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia rupestris R.Br<br />
Gleicheniaceae Sticherus flabellatus var. flabellatus Umbrella Fern (R. Br.) H.St.John<br />
Gleicheniaceae Sticherus lobatus Spreading Shield Fern Wakef.<br />
Goodeniaceae Brunonia australis Blue Pincushion R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Coopernookia barbata (R. Br.) Carolin<br />
Goodeniaceae Coopernookia chisholmii (Blakely) Carolin<br />
Goodeniaceae Dampiera adpressa Cunn. ex DC.<br />
Goodeniaceae Dampiera lanceolata var. lanceolata a.Cunn. ex DC.<br />
Goodeniaceae Dampiera purpurea R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Dampiera stricta (Smith) R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Dampiera sylvestris Rajput & Carolin<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia cycloptera R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia decurrens R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia fordiana Carolin<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia glabra R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia gracilis R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia grandiflora Sims<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia heteromera F. Muell.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia paniculata Smith<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia pinnatifida Schldl.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia rotundifolia R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia stelligera R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Goodenia stephensonii F. Muell.<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola aemula R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola calendulacea (andrews) Druce<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola hookeri (Vriese) F. Muell. ex Hook. f.<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola humilis R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Scaevola ramosissima Purple Fan-flower (Smith) K.Krause<br />
Goodeniaceae Selliera radicans Cav.<br />
Goodeniaceae Velleia paradoxa R. Br.<br />
250<br />
R. Br.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Goodeniaceae Velleia perfoliata R. Br.<br />
Goodeniaceae Velleia spathulata R. Br.<br />
Grammitaceae Grammitis billardierei Finger Fern Willd.<br />
Gyrostemonaceae Codonocarpus attenuatus Bell-fruit Tree (Hook.) H.Walter<br />
Haemodoraceae Haemodorum corymbosum Vahl.<br />
Haemodoraceae Haemodorum planifolium R. Br.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus chinensis subsp. verrucosus (Lour.) Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus elatus (Fenzl) Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus humilis Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus longifolius (Schindler) Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus montanus (J.D.Hook.) Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus oreophilus Orch.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus salsoloides Reichb.ex Sprengel<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus tetragynus Labill.<br />
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus teucrioides Raspwort DC.<br />
Haloragaceae Haloragis aspera Lindley<br />
Haloragaceae Haloragis heterophylla Brongn.<br />
Haloragaceae Haloragis serra Brongn.<br />
Haloragaceae Myriophyllum aquaticum ‘Parrots Feather,<br />
Brazilian Water-milfoil’<br />
Haloragaceae Myriophyllum crispatum Orch.<br />
251<br />
(Vell.Conc.) Verdc.<br />
Hymenophyllaceae Crepidomanes venosum (R. Br.) Copel.<br />
Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum australe Willd<br />
Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy Fern Labill<br />
Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum flabellatum Shiny Filmy Fern Labill<br />
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis exilis R.Henderson<br />
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis pratensis var. pratensis R. Br.<br />
Icacinaceae Citronella moorei Churnwood (Benth.) R.Howard<br />
Icacinaceae Pennantia cunninghamii Brown Beech Miers<br />
Iridaceae Libertia paniculata (R. Br.) Sprengel<br />
Iridaceae Libertia pulchella (R. Br.) Sprengel<br />
Iridaceae Patersonia fragilis (Labill.) asch. & Graebner<br />
Iridaceae Patersonia glabrata ‘Leafy Purple-flag,<br />
Bugulbi (Cadigal)’<br />
Iridaceae Patersonia longifolia R. Br.<br />
Iridaceae Patersonia sericea Silky Purple-Flag R. Br.<br />
Iridaceae Patersonia sp. aff. fragilis Unknown<br />
Iridaceae Romulea rosea var. australis Onion Grass (L.) eckl.<br />
Iridaceae Sisyrinchium species A Scourweed<br />
Iridaceae Watsonia meriana cv. Bulbillifera Wild Watsonia (L.) Mill.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus acutus subsp. acutus Sharp Rush L.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus articulatus L.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus australis J.D.Hook.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush L.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus cognatus Kunth<br />
Juncaceae Juncus continuus L.a.S. Johnson<br />
R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Juncaceae Juncus filicaulis Buchenau<br />
Juncaceae Juncus homalocaulis Benth.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis Sea Rush Hochst.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus laeviusculus Unknown<br />
Juncaceae Juncus mollis L.a.S.Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus pauciflorus R. Br.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus phaeanthus L.a.S.Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus planifolius R. Br.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus polyanthemus Buchenau<br />
Juncaceae Juncus prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus psammophilus L.a.S. Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus remotiflorus L. Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus sandwithii Lourt.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus sarophorus L.Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus subsecundus Wakef.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Willd.<br />
Juncaceae Juncus usitatus L.Johnson<br />
Juncaceae Juncus vaginatus R. Br.<br />
Juncaceae Luzula densiflora (Nordensk.) edgar<br />
Juncaceae Luzula meridionalis Nordensk.<br />
Juncaceae Luzula modesta Buchen<br />
Juncaceae Luzula ovata edgar<br />
Juncaginaceae Maundia triglochinoides F. Muell.<br />
Juncaginaceae Triglochin procera Water Ribbons R. Br.<br />
Juncaginaceae Triglochin striata Streaked arrowgrass Ruiz & Pav.<br />
Lamiaceae Ajuga australis austral Bugle R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Hemigenia cuneifolia Benth.<br />
Lamiaceae Hemigenia purpurea R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Lamium amplexicaule Dead Nettle L.<br />
Lamiaceae Lycopus australis australian Gipsywort R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Marrubium vulgare Horehound L.<br />
Lamiaceae Mentha australis River Mint R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Mentha diemenica Slender Mint Sprengel<br />
Lamiaceae Mentha satureioides Native Pennyroyal R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Plectranthus graveolens R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Plectranthus parviflorus Willd.<br />
Lamiaceae Plectranthus suaveolens S.T.Blake<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera askania Tranquility Mintbush B.J. Conn<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera caerulea R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera cryptandroides subsp.<br />
cryptandroides<br />
252<br />
Wollemi Mint-bush Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera discolor R. Baker<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera granitica Maiden & e.Betche<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera hindii B.J. Conn<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera howelliae Blakely
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera incana Velvet Mint-bush Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera incisa Cut-leaved Mint-bush R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera junonis Somersby Mintbush B.J. Conn<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas<br />
Bush<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera linearis Narrow-leaved Mintbush<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera ovalifolia R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera prunelloides R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera rhombea R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera saxicola R. Br.<br />
253<br />
Labill.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera scutellarioides (R. Br.) Briq.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera serpyllifolia subsp. microphylla Small-leaved Mint-Bush (R. Br.) Briq.<br />
Lamiaceae Prostanthera violacea R.Br<br />
Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Self-heal L.<br />
Lamiaceae Salvia plebeia R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Salvia reflexa Mintweed Hornem.<br />
Lamiaceae Salvia verbenaca Wild Sage L.<br />
Lamiaceae Scutellaria humilis Dwarf Skullcap R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Scutellaria mollis Soft Skullcap R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Stachys arvensis Stagger Weed L.<br />
Lamiaceae Teucrium corymbosum Forest Germander R. Br.<br />
Lamiaceae Westringia eremicola Slender Westringia Benth.<br />
Lamiaceae Westringia fruticosa Coastal Rosemary (Willd.) Druce<br />
Lauraceae Beilschmiedia elliptica Grey Walnut C.White & Francis<br />
Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis L.<br />
Lauraceae Cassytha melantha R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Cassytha pubescens R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Laurel (L.) Nees<br />
Lauraceae Cinnamomum oliveri Oliver’s Sassafras Bailey<br />
Lauraceae Cinnamomum virens Red-barked Sassafras R.Baker<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya erythroxylon Pigeonberry ash Maiden & Betche<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya foveolata Mountain Walnut C.White & Francis<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya glaucescens Jackwood R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya meissneriana Thick-leaved Laurel Frodin<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya microneura Murrogun Meissner<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya nova-anglica Mountain Laurel B. Hyland & Floyd<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya obovata Pepperberry R. Br.<br />
Lauraceae Cryptocarya rigida Forest Maple Meissner<br />
Lauraceae Endiandra crassiflora Dorrigo Maple C.White & Francis<br />
Lauraceae Endiandra discolor Rose Walnut Benth.<br />
Lauraceae Endiandra sieberi Hard Corkwood Nees<br />
Lauraceae Litsea australis Brown Bolly Gum B.Hyland<br />
Lauraceae Litsea reticulata Bolly Gum (Meissner) F. Muell.<br />
Lauraceae Neolitsea australiensis Green Bolly Gum Kosterm.<br />
Lauraceae Neolitsea dealbata White Bolly Gum (R. Br.) Merr.<br />
R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Lemnaceae Spirodela punctata (G.Meyer) Thompson<br />
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia australis Yellow Bladderwort R. Br.<br />
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia dichotoma Fairy aprons Labill.<br />
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba Floating Bladderwort L.<br />
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia lateriflora Small Bladderwort R. Br.<br />
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia uliginosa asian Bladderwort Vahl<br />
Linaceae Linum marginale Native Flax Cunn. ex Planchon<br />
Linaceae Linum trigynum French Flax L.<br />
Linaceae Linum usitatissimum Flax L.<br />
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea dimorpha Bailey<br />
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea linearis Screw Fern Sw.<br />
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea microphylla Lacy Wedge Fern Sw.<br />
Lobeliaceae Isotoma anethifolia (Summerh.) F.Wimmer<br />
Lobeliaceae Isotoma armstrongii F.Wimmer<br />
Lobeliaceae Isotoma axillaris Showy Isotome Lindley<br />
Lobeliaceae Lobelia anceps L.f.<br />
Lobeliaceae Lobelia dentata Cav.<br />
Lobeliaceae Lobelia gibbosa Tall Lobelia Labill.<br />
Lobeliaceae Lobelia gracilis Trailing Lobelia andrews<br />
Lobeliaceae Lobelia trigonocaulis Forest Lobelia F. Muell.<br />
Lobeliaceae Pratia concolor Poison Pratia (R. Br.) Druce<br />
Lobeliaceae Pratia pedunculata Matted Pratia (R. Br.)Benth.<br />
Lobeliaceae Pratia purpurascens Whiteroot (R. Br.) F.Wimmer<br />
Lobeliaceae Pratia surrepens Mud Pratia (Hook. f.) F.Wimmer<br />
Loganiaceae Logania albiflora (andrews) Druce<br />
Loganiaceae Logania pusilla R. Br.<br />
Loganiaceae Mitrasacme alsinoides R. Br.<br />
Loganiaceae Mitrasacme paludosa R. Br.<br />
Loganiaceae Mitrasacme pilosa Labill.<br />
Loganiaceae Mitrasacme polymorpha R. Br.<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra bracteata a.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra brevis a.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra cylindrica a.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra effusa Scented Mat-rush (Lindley) ewart<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra elongata (Benth.) ewart<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra fluviatilis (R. Br.) a.T.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra glauca Pale Mat-rush (R. Br.) ewart<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra gracilis (R. Br.) a.T.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra hystrix (R. Br.) L.R.Fraser & Vickery<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra laxa (R. Br.) a.T.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush Labill.<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra micrantha subsp. tuberculata Small-flowered Matrush<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora Many-flowered Matrush<br />
254<br />
(endl.) ewart<br />
(R. Br.) Britten<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra obliqua (Thunb.) J.F.Macbr.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra patens a.T.Lee<br />
Lomandraceae Lomandra spicata a.T.Lee<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema bifurcatum var. bifurcatum (Benth.) Tiegh.<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema cambagei (Blakely) Danser<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema congener subsp. congener (Sieber ex Schult. & Schult.f.)<br />
Tiegh.<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema gaudichaudii (DC.) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema linophyllum subsp. orientale (Fenzl) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amyema miquelii (Lehm. ex Miq.) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Amylotheca dictyophleba (F. Muell.) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Benthamina alyxifolia (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe vitellina (F. Muell.) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Lysiana exocarpi subsp. tenuis (Behr) Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Muellerina bidwillii (Benth.) Barlow<br />
Loranthaceae Muellerina celastroides (Schultes & Schultes)<br />
Tieghem<br />
Loranthaceae Muellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Barlow<br />
Luzuriagaceae Drymophila moorei Orange Berry Baker<br />
Luzuriagaceae Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry R. Br. ex Ker Gawl.<br />
Luzuriagaceae Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling Lily (R. Br.) a.Cunn. ex Hook.<br />
Lycopodiaceae Huperzia australiana Fir Clubmoss (Herter) Holub<br />
Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella cernua Scrambling Clubmoss (L.) Pic. Serm.<br />
Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella lateralis (R. Br.) Ollg.<br />
Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium deuterodensum Bushy Clubmoss Herter<br />
Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium fastigiatum Mountain Clubmoss R.Br<br />
Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife L.<br />
Malaceae Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Jacq.<br />
Malaceae Eriobotrya japonica Loquat (Thunb.) Lindley<br />
Malaceae Pyracantha angustifolia Orange Firethorn (Franchet) Schneider<br />
Malaceae Pyracantha crenulata (Roxb.) Roemer<br />
Malaceae Rhaphiolepis indica Indian Hawthorn (L.) Lindl. ex Ker Gawl.<br />
Malvaceae Abutilon tubulosum (Hook.) Walp.<br />
Malvaceae Gossypium sturtianum var. sturtianum J.H.Willis<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus diversifolius Swamp Hibiscus Jacq.<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus heterophyllus subsp. heterophyllus Native Rosella Vent.<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus splendens C. Fraser ex Graham<br />
Malvaceae Hibiscus trionum Bladder Ketmia L.<br />
Malvaceae Howittia trilocularis F. Muell.<br />
Malvaceae Lagunaria patersonia Norfolk Island Hibiscus (andrews) G. Don<br />
Malvaceae Malva neglecta Dwarf Mallow Wallr.<br />
Malvaceae Malva parviflora Small-flowered Mallow L.<br />
Malvaceae Malvastrum americanum Spiked Malvastrum (L.) Torrey<br />
Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum Prickly Malvastrum (L.) Garcke<br />
Malvaceae Modiola caroliniana Red-flowered Mallow (L.) Don<br />
Malvaceae Pavonia hastata Cav.<br />
Malvaceae Sida corrugata Lindl.<br />
255
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Malvaceae Sida cunninghamii C.White<br />
Malvaceae Sida filiformis Mitch.<br />
Malvaceae Sida petrophila F. Muell.<br />
Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia Paddy’s Lucerne L.<br />
Malvaceae Sida subspicata F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Malvaceae Sida trichopoda F. Muell.<br />
Marsileaceae Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo a. Braun<br />
Meliaceae Dysoxylum fraserianum Rosewood (a. Juss.) Benth.<br />
Meliaceae Dysoxylum rufum Hairy Rosewood (a.Rich) Benth.<br />
Meliaceae Melia azedarach White Cedar L.<br />
Meliaceae Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum Scentless Rosewood (Sm.) a.Juss.<br />
Meliaceae Toona ciliata Red Cedar M. Roemer<br />
Menispermaceae Legnephora moorei Round-leaf Vine (F. Muell.) Miers<br />
Menispermaceae Sarcopetalum harveyanum Pearl Vine F. Muell.<br />
Menyanthaceae Villarsia exaltata Yellow Marsh Flower (Sims) G.Don<br />
Menyanthaceae Villarsia reniformis R. Br.<br />
Monimiaceae Atherosperma moschatum Black Sassafras Labill.<br />
Monimiaceae Daphnandra micrantha (Tul.) Benth.<br />
Monimiaceae Daphnandra sp. Illawarra Illawarra Socketwood (R. Schodde 3475)<br />
Monimiaceae Doryphora sassafras Sassafras endl.<br />
Monimiaceae Hedycarya angustifolia Native Mulberry Cunn.<br />
Monimiaceae Palmeria scandens anchor Vine F. Muell.<br />
Monimiaceae Wilkiea huegeliana Veiny Wilkiea (Tul.) a.DC.<br />
Moraceae Ficus coronata Creek Sandpaper Fig Spin & Colla<br />
Moraceae Ficus fraseri Sandpaper Fig Miq.<br />
Moraceae Ficus superba var. henneana Deciduous Fig (Miq.) Miq.<br />
Moraceae Ficus watkinsiana Strangling Fig Bailey<br />
Moraceae Maclura cochinchinensis Cockspur Thorn (Lour.) Corner<br />
Moraceae Streblus brunonianus Whalebone Tree (endl.) F. Muell.<br />
Myoporaceae Eremophila debilis amulla (andrews) Chinnock<br />
Myoporaceae Myoporum acuminatum R. Br.<br />
Myoporaceae Myoporum montanum Western Boobialla R. Br.<br />
Myoporaceae Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla R. Br.<br />
Myrsinaceae Aegiceras corniculatum River Mangrove (L.) Blanco<br />
Myrsinaceae Embelia australiana (F. Muell.) F. M. Bailey<br />
Myrsinaceae Myrsine howittiana (F.Muell. ex Mez) Jackes<br />
Myrsinaceae Myrsine variabilis R.Br.<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora bakeri Narrow-leaved apple C.Hall<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora costata Sydney Red/Rusty Gum (Gaertner) Britten<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora euryphylla ( Johnson ex Leach) Joh<br />
& Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora floribunda Rough-barked apple (Smith) Sweet<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora hispida Dwarf apple (Smith) Blaxell<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora inopina Charmhaven apple K.D. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Angophora subvelutina Broad-leaved apple F. Muell.<br />
256
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Myrtaceae Archirhodomyrtus beckleri Rose Myrtle (F. Muell.) a.J.Scott<br />
Myrtaceae Austromyrtus tenuifolia (Smith) Burret<br />
Myrtaceae Backhousia myrtifolia Grey Myrtle Hook.<br />
Myrtaceae Backhousia sciadophora Shatterwood F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea brevifolia (Rudge) DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea diosmifolia Rudge<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea imbricata (Gaertner) Druce<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea linifolia Rudge<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea omissa a.R. Bean<br />
Myrtaceae Baeckea utilis Mountain Baeckea Miq.<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon acuminatus Tapering-leaved<br />
Bottlebrush<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush (Curtis) Stapf<br />
257<br />
Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon comboynensis Cliff Bottlebrush Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon linearifolius Netted Bottle Brush (Link) DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon linearis Narrow-leaved<br />
Bottlebrush<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon pachyphyllus Wallum Bottlebrush Cheel<br />
(Schrader) Sweet<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon pallidus Lemon Bottlebrush (Bonpl.) DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon pinifolius Pine-leaved<br />
Bottlebrush<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon rigidus Stiff Bottlebrush R. Br.<br />
(Wendl.) Sweet<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon salignus Willow Bottlebrush (Smith) Sweet<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon shiressii Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Calytrix tetragona Labill.<br />
Myrtaceae Choricarpia leptopetala Brush Turpentine (F. Muell.) Domin<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood (Schauer) Hill & Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia gummifera Red Bloodwood (Gaertner) Hill & Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia intermedia Pink Bloodwood (R Baker) KD Hill & LaS<br />
Johnso<br />
Myrtaceae Corymbia maculata Spotted Gum (Hook.) KD Hill & LaS<br />
Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia glaucophylla B.G. Briggs<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia leptantha B.Briggs<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia peduncularis B. Briggs<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia procera B.Briggs<br />
Myrtaceae Darwinia taxifolia subsp. taxifolia Cunn.<br />
Myrtaceae Decaspermum humile Silky Myrtle (G.Don) a.J.Scott<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus acaciiformis Wattle-leaved<br />
Peppermint<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus acmenoides White Mahogany Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus aenea K.D. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus agglomerata Blue-leaved<br />
Stringybark<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus andrewsii Gum-topped<br />
Peppermint<br />
Deane & Maiden<br />
Maiden<br />
Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus apiculata R.Baker & H.G.Smith
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus bensonii L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus beyeriana L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus bicostata eurabbie ‘Maiden, Blakely & J.<br />
Simmonds’<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus biturbinata L.Johnson & K.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus blakelyi Blakely’s Red Gum Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus blaxlandii Maiden & Cambage<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus botryoides Bangalay Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus bridgesiana apple Box R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus caliginosa Broad-leaved<br />
Stringybark<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Dehnh.<br />
258<br />
Blakely & Mckie<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cameronii Diehard Stringybark Blakely & McKie<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camfieldii Heart-leaved<br />
Stringybark<br />
Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus campanulata New england Blackbutt R. Baker & H. G. Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus canaliculata Large-fruited Grey Gum Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cannonii Capertee Stringybark R. Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus capitellata Brown Stringybark Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus carnea Thick-leaved<br />
Mahogany<br />
R. Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus chloroclada Dirty Gum (Blakely) L.Johnson & K.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus consideniana Yertchuk Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus crebra Narrow-leaved Ironbark F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Monkey Gum L.Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dawsonii Slaty Gum R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dealbata Tumbledown Red Gum Cunn. ex Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus deanei Mountain Blue Gum Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved<br />
Peppermint<br />
Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus dwyeri Dwyer’s Red Gum Maiden & Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus elliptica Bendemeer White Gum Blakely & McKie<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus eugenioides Thin-leaved<br />
Stringybark<br />
Sieber ex Sprengel<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fastigata Brown Barrel Deane & Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fibrosa Red Ironbark F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus fusiformis Boland<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus glaucina Slaty Red Gum Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus goniocalyx Bundy Miq.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus grandis Flooded Gum Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus haemastoma Broad-leaved Scribbly<br />
Gum<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus hypostomatica L.Johnson & K.Hill<br />
Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus laevopinea Silver-top Stringybark R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus largeana Craven Grey Box Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus longifolia Woollybutt Link
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum Mudie<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box Cunn. ex Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus michaeliana Brittle Gum Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus microcarpa Western Grey Box (Maiden) Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus microcorys Tallowwood F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus moluccana Grey Box Roxb.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus multicaulis Whipstick ash Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nitens Shining Gum Deane & Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nobilis Forest Ribbon Gum L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nortonii Large-flowered Bundy (Blakely) L.Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nova-anglica New england<br />
Peppermint<br />
259<br />
Deane & Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus nubila Blue-leaved Ironbark Maiden & Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate L.’Her.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus oblonga Stringybark Blakely<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus oreades Blue Mountains ash R.Baker<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus oresbia Small-fruited Mountain<br />
Gum<br />
Hunter and Bruhl<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus pauciflora White Sally Sieber ex Spreng.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus pilularis Blackbutt Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus piperita Sydney Peppermint Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus placita a Grey Ironbark L.Johnson & K.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus polyanthemos subsp.<br />
polyanthemos<br />
Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus praecox Brittle Gum (Maiden) L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus prominula Stringybark L.Johnson & K.Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus propinqua Small-fruited Grey Gum Deane& Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus pyrocarpa Large-fruited Blackbutt L.Johnson & Blaxell<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus quadrangulata White-topped Box Deane & Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus racemosa Narrow-leaved Scribbly<br />
Gum<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus rossii Inland Scribbly Gum R.Baker & H.G.Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sclerophylla Hard-leaved Scribbly<br />
Gum<br />
Cav.<br />
(Blakely) L.Johnson & Blaxell<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus serpentinicola L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus siderophloia Grey Ironbark Benth.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sideroxylon Mugga Ironbark a.Cunn. ex Woolls<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sieberi Silvertop ash L.Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus signata Scribbly Gum F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sparsifolia Narrow-leaved<br />
Stringybark<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus squamosa Scaly Bark Deane & Maiden<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus stellulata Black Sally Sieber ex DC.<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus stricta Mallee ash Sieber ex Sprengel<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus subtilior L. Johnson & K. Hill<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tenella Stringybark L. Johnoson & K. Hill<br />
DC.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus viminalis Ribbon Gum Labill.<br />
Myrtaceae Gossia acmenoides Scrub Ironwood 9F. Muell.) Guymer &<br />
N.Snow ms<br />
Myrtaceae Gossia bidwillii Python Tree (Benth.)n.Snow & Guymer<br />
ms.<br />
Myrtaceae Harmogia densifolia (Sm.) F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Homoranthus cernuus (R.T.Baker) Craven &<br />
S.R.Jones<br />
Myrtaceae Homoranthus darwinioides (Maiden & e. Betche) Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Homoranthus flavescens Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Homoranthus virgatus Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea ambigua Tick Bush (Smith) Druce<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea capitata (Smith) Heynh.<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea ericoides Burgan (a.Rich.) J.Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Kunzea parvifolia Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum arachnoides Gaertner<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum argenteum J. Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum brevipes F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum continentale Prickly Teatree J. Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum grandifolium Woolly Teatree Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum gregarium J. Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum juniperinum Prickly Tea-tree Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Teatree (Gaertner) F. Muell.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum liversidgei R.Baker & H.G.Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum morrisonii J. Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum obovatum Sweet<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum parvifolium Sm.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-scented Teatree Bailey<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum polyanthum Joy Thomps.<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum semibaccatum Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum sphaerocarpum Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum squarrosum Gaertner<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum trinervium Slender Tea-tree (Smith) J. Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Leptospermum variabile J.Thompson<br />
Myrtaceae Lophostemon confertus Brush Box (R. Br.) Peter G.Wilson &<br />
Waterhouse<br />
Myrtaceae Lophostemon suaveolens Swamp Mahogany (Gaertner) Peter G.Wilson &<br />
Waterhouse<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & e.Betche) Cheel<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca armillaris subsp. armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm.<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca biconvexa Biconvex Paperbark Byrnes<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca decora (Salisb.) Britten<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca diosmatifolia Otto<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperbark Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca groveana Grove’s Paperbark Cheel & C. White<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca hypericifolia Hillock bush Smith<br />
260
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca lanceolata Otto<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaved Paperbark Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca nodosa (Gaertner) Vent.<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia Broad-leaved<br />
Paperbark<br />
261<br />
(Cav.) S.T.Blake<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca sieberi Schauer<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca squamea Labill.<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca thymifolia Smith<br />
Myrtaceae Melaleuca uncinata Broombush R. Br.<br />
Myrtaceae Micromyrtus blakelyi J. Green<br />
Myrtaceae Micromyrtus ciliata Fringed Heath-myrtle (Smith) Druce<br />
Myrtaceae Micromyrtus sessilis J.Green<br />
Myrtaceae Micromyrtus striata J.Green<br />
Myrtaceae Ochrosperma lineare (C.White) Trudgeon<br />
Myrtaceae Ochrosperma oligomerum (Radlk.) a.R. Bean<br />
Myrtaceae Pilidiostigma glabrum Burret<br />
Myrtaceae Rhodamnia argentea White Myrtle Benth.<br />
Myrtaceae Rhodamnia rubescens Scrub Turpentine (Benth.) Miq.<br />
Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtus psidioides Native Guava (G.Don) Benth.<br />
Myrtaceae Sannantha cunninghamii (Schauer) a.R. Bean<br />
Myrtaceae Sannantha pluriflora (F. Muell.) a.R. Bean<br />
Myrtaceae Sannantha similis a.R. Bean<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium australe Brush Cherry (Wendl. ex Link) B.Hyland<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium crebrinerve Purple Cherry (C.White) L.Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium francisii Giant Water Gum (Bailey) L.Johnson<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium oleosum Blue Lilly Pilly (F. Muell.) B.Hyland<br />
Myrtaceae Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly Pilly Gaertner<br />
Myrtaceae Tristania neriifolia Water Gum (Sims) R. Br.<br />
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis collina Mountain Water Gum Peter G. Wilson &<br />
Waterhouse<br />
Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis laurina Kanuka (Smith) Peter G.Wilson &<br />
Waterhouse<br />
Myrtaceae Waterhousea floribunda Weeping Lilly Pilly (F. Muell.) B.Hyland<br />
Nothofagaceae Nothofagus moorei antarctic Beech (F. Muell.) Krasser<br />
Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia dominii Tarvine Meikle & Hewson<br />
Nyctaginaceae Pisonia umbellifera Birdlime Tree (Forster & Forster f.)<br />
Seemann<br />
Ochnaceae Ochna serrulata Mickey Mouse Plant (Hochst.) Walp.<br />
Olacaceae Olax retusa F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Olacaceae Olax stricta R.BR<br />
Oleaceae Jasminum suavissimum Lindley<br />
Oleaceae Jasminum volubile Jacq.<br />
Oleaceae Ligustrum lucidum Large-leaved Privet aiton<br />
Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense Small-leaved Privet Lour.<br />
Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare european Privet L.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea neglecta P.Green
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea ovata R. Br.<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea species A<br />
Oleaceae Notelaea venosa Veined Mock-olive F. Muell.<br />
Oleaceae Olea paniculata Native Olive R. Br.<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium billardierianum Ser.<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium gunnianum Hausskn.<br />
Onagraceae Epilobium hirtigerum Cunn.<br />
Onagraceae Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis Water Primrose (Kunth) Raven<br />
Onagraceae Oenothera affinis Cambess.<br />
Onagraceae Oenothera indecora subsp. bonariensis Cambess.<br />
Ophioglossaceae Botrychium australe Parsley Fern R.Br<br />
Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum lusitanicum adder’s Tongue L.<br />
Orchidaceae Acianthus amplexicaulis (Bailey) Rolfe<br />
Orchidaceae Acianthus collinus D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Acianthus exsertus Mosquito Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Acianthus fornicatus Pixie Caps R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Acianthus pusillus Gnat Orchid D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Arthrochilus prolixus D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum elisae Pineapple Orchid (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum exiguum F. Muell.<br />
Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum shepherdii Wheat-leaved Orchid (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia alata Fairy Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia capillata Fringed Spider Orchid D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia catenata White Caladenia (Sm.) Druce<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia gracilis Musky Caladenia R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Caladenia picta (Nicholls) M.Clements &<br />
D.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Calanthe triplicata Christmas Orchid (Willem.) ames<br />
Orchidaceae Caleana major Large Duck Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Calochilus campestris Copper Beard Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Calochilus grandiflorus Giant Beard Orchid (Benth.) Domin<br />
Orchidaceae Calochilus paludosus Red Beard Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Calochilus robertsonii Purplish Beard Orchid Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Cestichis coelogynoides (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Cestichis reflexa (R. Br.) Lindley<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis diphylla R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis formicifera ant Orchid Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis platyptera Barrington Tops ant<br />
Orchid<br />
262<br />
D.L. Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis pluricallata D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis reflexa (Labill.) Druce<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis seminuda D.L. Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis trilabra Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Corybas aconitiflorus Spurred Helmet Orchid Salisb.<br />
Orchidaceae Corybas fimbriatus Fringed Helmet Orchid (R. Br.) H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Corybas fordhamii Banded Helmet Orchid (Rupp) Rupp
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Orchidaceae Corybas pruinosus Toothed Helmet Orchid H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis erecta Tartan Tongue Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis hunteriana Leafless Tongue Orchid Nicholls<br />
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis leptochila Small Tongue Orchid F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Cryptostylis subulata Large Tongue Orchid (Labill.) H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Cyanicula caerulea Blue Caladenia (R. Br.) Hopper & a.P.Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Cymbidium canaliculatum Tiger Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Cymbidium suave Snake Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Cyrtostylis reniformis Gnat Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium aemulum Ironbark Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium cucumerinum Cucumber Orchid MacLeay<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium fairfaxii F. Muell. & Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium falcorostrum Beech Orchid Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium gracilicaule F. Muell.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium kingianum Pink Rock Orchid Lindley<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium linguiforme Tongue Orchid Sw.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium mortii F. Muell.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium pugioniforme Dagger Orchid Cunn.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium schoeninum Pencil Orchid Lindley<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium striolatum H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Dendrobium tetragonum Tree Spider Orchid Cunn.<br />
Orchidaceae Dipodium punctatum (Smith) R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Dipodium roseum D.L.Jones & M.a.Clem.<br />
Orchidaceae Dipodium variegatum M.Clements & D.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Diuris aurea Smith<br />
Orchidaceae Diuris platichila Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Diuris sulphurea Tiger/Hornet Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Diuris venosa Veined Doubletail Rupp<br />
Orchidaceae Eriochilus cucullatus Parson’s Bands (Labill.) H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Gastrodia sesamoides Cinnamon Bells R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Genoplesium archeri Variable Midge Orchid (Hook.f.)D.L.Jones &<br />
M.a.Clem.<br />
Orchidaceae Genoplesium despectans Sharp Midge Orchid (Hook. f.)D.L.Jones &<br />
M.a.Clem<br />
Orchidaceae Genoplesium fimbriatum Fringed Midge Orchid (R. Br.) D.L.Jones & M.a.Clem.<br />
Orchidaceae Genoplesium rufum Red Midge Orchid (R. Br.)D.L.Jones & M.a.Clem.<br />
Orchidaceae Glossodia major Waxlip Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Glossodia minor Small Waxlip Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Lyperanthus suaveolens Brown Beaks R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Microtis parviflora Slender Onion Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Microtis rara Scented Onion Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Microtis unifolia Common Onion Orchid (G.Forster) H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Orthoceras strictum Horned/Bird’s-mouth<br />
Orchid<br />
Orchidaceae Papillilabium beckleri (Benth.) Dockr.<br />
Orchidaceae Plectorrhiza tridentata Tangle Orchid (Lindley) Dockr.<br />
263<br />
R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Orchidaceae Prasophyllum fuscum Slaty Leek Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis abrupta D.L.Jones<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis acuminata Pointed Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis alveata Garnet<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis baptistii King Greenhood Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis boormanii Rupp<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis coccina Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis concinna Trim Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis curta Blunt Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis cycnocephala Swan Greenhood Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis daintreana Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis decurva Summer Grasshood R.Rogers<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis erecta Hunt<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis furcata Sickle Greenhood Lindley<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis furcillata Rupp<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis grandiflora Cobra Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis hispidula Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis laxa Blackmore<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis longicurva Rupp<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis longifolia Tall Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis nutans Nodding Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis obtusa R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis ophioglossa Snake Tongue<br />
Greenhood<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis parviflora Tiny Greenhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis pedunculata Maroonhood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis reflexa R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis revoluta R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis rufa Rusty Hood R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Pterostylis species B<br />
Orchidaceae Rhinerrhiza divitiflora Raspy Root Orchid Rupp<br />
Orchidaceae Sarcochilus australis Butterfly Orchid (Lindley) H.G.Reichb.<br />
Orchidaceae Sarcochilus falcatus Orange Blossom Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Sarcochilus hillii (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Orchidaceae Sarcochilus olivaceus Lindley<br />
Orchidaceae Sarcochilus spathulatus R.Rogers<br />
Orchidaceae Spiranthes australis (R. Br.) Lindl.<br />
Orchidaceae Thelymitra circumsepta Naked Sun Orchid Fitzg.<br />
Orchidaceae Thelymitra cyanea Veined Sun Orchid (Lindley) Benth.<br />
Orchidaceae Thelymitra ixioides var. ixioides Dotted Sun Orchid Sw.<br />
Orchidaceae Thelymitra nuda Plain Sun Orchid R. Br.<br />
Orchidaceae Thelymitra pauciflora Slender Sun Orchid R. Br.<br />
Osmundaceae Todea barbara King Fern (L.)T.Moore<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis chnoodes Lourt.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping Oxalis L.<br />
264<br />
R. Br.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis exilis Cunn.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans Haw.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob L.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis radicosa a.Rich.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis rubens Haw.<br />
Oxalidaceae Oxalis thompsoniae Conn & Richards<br />
Papaveraceae Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum L.<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora aurantia var. aurantia Blunt-leaved<br />
Passionfruit<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora caerulea Blue Passionflower L.<br />
265<br />
G.Forst.<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora cinnabarina Red Passionfruit Lindley<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Common Passionfruit Sims<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa Cork Passionfruit L.<br />
Passifloraceae Passiflora subpeltata White Passionflower Ortega<br />
Peperomiaceae Peperomia blanda var. floribunda (Jacq.) Kunth.<br />
Peperomiaceae Peperomia tetraphylla (Forster f.) Hook. & arn.<br />
Philydraceae Philydrum lanuginosum Frogsmouth Gaertner<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella congesta R. Br.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella crinoides R. J. F. Hend.<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella prunina R.Henderson<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella sp. aff. revoluta ‘Pilliga’ Geoff Car<br />
Phormiaceae Dianella tasmanica Hook. f.<br />
Phormiaceae Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue Lily R. Br.<br />
Phormiaceae Thelionema caespitosum (R. Br.) R.Henderson<br />
Phormiaceae Thelionema umbellatum (R. Br.) R.Henderson<br />
Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana Pokeweed L.<br />
Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra Inkweed L.<br />
Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis Coral Berry L.<br />
Pinaceae Pinus pinaster Cluster Pine aiton<br />
Pinaceae Pinus radiata Radiata Pine D.Don<br />
Piperaceae Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine Miq.<br />
Pittosporaceae Billardiera macrantha Purple appleberry Labill.<br />
Pittosporaceae Bursaria longisepala Domin<br />
Pittosporaceae Hymenosporum flavum Native Frangipani (Hook.) F. Muell.<br />
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum multiflorum Orange Thorn ‘(aCunn ex Loudon)<br />
Cayzer,Crisp’<br />
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum revolutum Rough Fruit<br />
Pittosporum<br />
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Vent.<br />
Dryander<br />
Pittosporaceae Rhytidosporum procumbens (Hook.) F. Muell.<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago cladarophylla ‘B.Briggs, Carolin & Pulley’<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago debilis R. Br.<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago gaudichaudii Barneoud<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago hispida R. Br.<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Lamb’s Tongues L.<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago major Large Plantain L.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago myosuros subsp. myosuros Lam.<br />
Plantaginaceae Plantago varia R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Agrostis venusta Graceful Bent Trin.<br />
Poaceae Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hairgrass L.<br />
Poaceae Aira cupaniana Silvery Hairgrass Guss.<br />
Poaceae Ancistrachne maidenii (a.a. Ham.) Vickery<br />
Poaceae Ancistrachne uncinulata Hooked-hairy Panic<br />
Grass<br />
Poaceae Andropogon virginicus Whisky Grass L.<br />
Poaceae Anisopogon avenaceus Oat Speargrass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass L.<br />
266<br />
(R. Br.) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Aristida acuta S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Aristida gracilipes (Domin) Henrard<br />
Poaceae Aristida latifolia Featherop Wiregrass Domin<br />
Poaceae Aristida leptopoda White Speargrass Benth.<br />
Poaceae Aristida nitidula (Henrard) S.T. Blake ex Black<br />
Poaceae Aristida queenslandica var. queenslandica Henrard<br />
Poaceae Aristida vagans Threeawn Speargrass Cav.<br />
Poaceae Aristida warburgii Mez<br />
Poaceae Arrhenatherum elatius Oatgrass (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl &<br />
C.Presl<br />
Poaceae Arundinella nepalensis Reedgrass Trin.<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia caespitosa Ringed Wallaby Grass (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia duttoniana (Cashmore) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia eriantha (Lindl.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia fulva Wallaby Grass (Vickery) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia induta (Vickery) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia laevis (Vickery) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia monticola (Vickery) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby Grass (Labill.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia pilosa Smooth-flowered<br />
Wallaby Grass<br />
(R. Br.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia richardsonii Wallaby Grass (Cashmore) H.P> Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia setacea (R. Br.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrodanthonia tenuior (Steud.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Austrofestuca eriopoda Snow Fescue (Vickery) S.W.L.Jacobs<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa aristiglumis Plains Grass (F. Muell.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa bigeniculata (Hughes) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa blackii (C.e. Hubb.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa densiflora (Hughes) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa mollis Speargrass (R. Br.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa nodosa (S.T. Blake) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa platychaeta Flat-awn Speargrass (Hughes) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa pubescens (R. Br.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa ramosissima Stout Bamboo Grass (Trin.) Jacobs & everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa semibarbata (R. Br.) Jacobs & everett
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa setacea Corkscrew Grass (R. Br.) Jacobs & J. everett<br />
Poaceae Austrostipa verticillata Slender Bamboo Grass (Nees ex Spreng)Jacobs &<br />
evere<br />
Poaceae Avena barbata Bearded Oats Pott ex Link<br />
Poaceae Avena fatua Wild Oats L.<br />
Poaceae Avena ludoviciana Ludo Wild Oats Durieu<br />
Poaceae Avena sativa Oats L.<br />
Poaceae Axonopus fissifolius Narrow-leafed Carpet<br />
Grass<br />
267<br />
(Raddi) Kuhlm.<br />
Poaceae Bothriochloa biloba S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Bothriochloa decipiens Red Grass (Hackel) C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Bothriochloa macra Red Grass (Steudel) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Briza maxima Quaking Grass L.<br />
Poaceae Briza minor Shivery Grass L.<br />
Poaceae Bromus alopecuros Poir.<br />
Poaceae Bromus brevis Nees & Steudel<br />
Poaceae Bromus catharticus Praire Grass M.Vahl<br />
Poaceae Bromus diandrus Great Brome Roth<br />
Poaceae Capillipedium parviflorum Scented-top Grass (R. Br.) Stapf<br />
Poaceae Capillipedium spicigerum Scented-top Grass S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Catapodium rigidum Rigid Fescue (L.) Dony<br />
Poaceae Cenchrus caliculatus Hillside Burrgrass Cav.<br />
Poaceae Chloris divaricata var. divaricata Slender Chloris R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Chloris gayana Rhodes Grass Kunth<br />
Poaceae Chloris truncata Windmill Grass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Chloris ventricosa Tall Chloris R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Chloris virgata Feathertop Rhodes<br />
Grass<br />
Poaceae Cleistochloa rigida (S.T.Blake) W.Clayton<br />
Poaceae Cleistochloa subjuncea C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass (Schultes & J.H.Schultes)<br />
asch. & Graebner<br />
Poaceae Cymbopogon ambiguus Lemon Grass (Hackel) a.Camus<br />
Poaceae Cymbopogon obtectus Silky Heads S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Cymbopogon refractus Barbed Wire Grass (R. Br.) a.Camus<br />
Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Common Couch (L.) Pers.<br />
Poaceae Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog’s Tail L.<br />
Poaceae Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog’s Tail L.<br />
Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot L.<br />
Poaceae Dactyloctenium radulans Button Grass (R. Br.) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Desmazeria rigida Doney<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia accedens Vick.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia acuminata Vick.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia decipiens (R. Br.) Vick.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia gunniana (Nees) Benth.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia mesathera Stapf ex Vickery<br />
Sw.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia nudiflora Vick.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia quadriseta (Labill.) Benth.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia reflexa Vick.<br />
Poaceae Deyeuxia rodwayi Vick.<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass (L.f.) J.D.Hook.<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne hirtella N.G. Walsh<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne inaequiglumis (Hackel ex Cheeseman)<br />
edgar & Connor<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne micrantha Shorthair Plumegrass (Cav.) Domin<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne parva B.Simon<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne rara (R. Br.) Vick.<br />
Poaceae Dichelachne sieberiana Trin. & Rupr.<br />
Poaceae Digitaria breviglumis (Domin) Henrard<br />
Poaceae Digitaria brownii Cotton Panic Grass (Roemer & Schultes) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Digitaria coenicola (F. Muell.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Digitaria diffusa Vick.<br />
Poaceae Digitaria divaricatissima Umbrella Grass (R. Br.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />
Poaceae Digitaria parviflora Small-flowered Finger<br />
Grass<br />
268<br />
(R. Br.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Digitaria ramularis (Trin.) Henrard<br />
Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis ‘Summer Grass, Crab<br />
Grass’<br />
(L.) Scop.<br />
Poaceae Echinochloa colona awnless Barnyard Grass (L.) Link<br />
Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard Grass (L.) P. Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Echinochloa esculenta Japanese Millet (a.Braun) H.Scholz<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon cheelii Long-flowered<br />
Hedgehog Grass<br />
C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon intermedius erect Hedgehog Grass C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Echinopogon nutans C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldtgrass Lam.<br />
Poaceae Enneapogon gracilis Slender Nineawn (R. Br.) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Enneapogon nigricans Niggerheads (R. Br.) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Enteropogon acicularis (Lindley) Lazarides<br />
Poaceae Entolasia marginata Bordered Panic (R. Br.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Entolasia stricta Wiry Panic (R. Br.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Entolasia whiteana C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis benthamii Mattei<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis brownii Brown’s Lovegrass Nees ex Steud.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis cilianensis Stinkgrass (all.) Janchen<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis curvula african Lovegrass Nees<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis elongata Clustered Lovegrass (Willd.) J.F.Jacq.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis lacunaria Purple Lovegrass F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis leptocarpa Drooping Lovegrass Benth.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis leptostachya Paddock Lovegrass (R. Br.) Steudel<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis megalosperma Benth.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis mexicana Mexican Lovegrass (Hornem.) Link<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis parviflora Weeping Lovegrass (R. Br.) Trin.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa Soft Lovegrass P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis sororia Domin<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter<br />
Poaceae Eragrostis trachycarpa (Benth.) Domin<br />
Poaceae Eremochloa bimaculata Poverty Grass Hackel<br />
Poaceae Eriachne glabrata (Maiden) Hartley<br />
Poaceae Eriochloa procera Spring Grass (Retz.) C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha early Spring Grass (Thell.) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Festuca asperula Graceful Fescue Vick.<br />
Poaceae Festuca elatior Tall Fescue L.<br />
Poaceae Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescue Hudson<br />
Poaceae Glyceria australis australian Sweetgrass C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Heteropogon contortus Bunch Speargrass (L.) Roemer & Schultes<br />
Poaceae Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog L.<br />
Poaceae Hordeum leporinum Barley Grass Link<br />
Poaceae Hyparrhenia hirta Coolatai Grass (L.) Stapf<br />
Poaceae Imperata cylindrica var. major Blady Grass (L.) Raeusch.<br />
Poaceae Isachne globosa Swamp Millet (Thunb.) Kuntze<br />
Poaceae Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby Grass (R. Br.) H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Lachnagrostis aemula Blowngrass (R. Br.) Trin.<br />
Poaceae Lachnagrostis filiformis (Forst.) Trin.<br />
Poaceae Lamarckia aurea Goldentop (L.) Moench<br />
Poaceae Leersia hexandra Swamp Ricegrass Sw.<br />
Poaceae Leptochloa ciliolata (Jedw.) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Leptochloa decipiens Slender Canegrass (R. Br.) Stapf ex Maiden<br />
Poaceae Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass L.<br />
Poaceae Lolium rigidum Wimmera Ryegrass Gaudin<br />
Poaceae Melinis repens Red Natal Grass (Willd.) Zizka<br />
Poaceae Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaved Wallaby<br />
Grass<br />
269<br />
(R. Br.) Veldkamp<br />
Poaceae Notodanthonia semiannularis (Labill.) Zotov<br />
Poaceae Oplismenus aemulus (R. Br.) Roem. & Schult.<br />
Poaceae Oplismenus imbecillis (R. Br.) Roemer & Schultes<br />
Poaceae Oplismenus undulatifolius var. mollis (ard.) P. Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Ottochloa gracillima C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Panicum antidotale Giant Panic Grass Retz.<br />
Poaceae Panicum bisulcatum Black-seeded Panic Thunb.<br />
Poaceae Panicum coloratum var. coloratum L.<br />
Poaceae Panicum decompositum Native Millet R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Panicum effusum Poison or Hairy Panic R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Panicum gilvum Launert<br />
Poaceae Panicum lachnophyllum Don’t Panic Benth.<br />
Poaceae Panicum miliaceum French Millet L.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Panicum pygmaeum Pygmy Panic R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Panicum schinzii Hackel<br />
Poaceae Panicum simile Two-colour Panic Domin<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium albovillosum S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium aversum Vickery<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium constrictum Knottybutt Grass (Domin) C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium criniforme S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium distans (Trin.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium gracile Slender Panic (R. Br.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Paspalidium jubiflorum Warrego Grass (Trin.) Hughes<br />
Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum Poiret<br />
Poaceae Paspalum distichum Water Couch L.<br />
Poaceae Paspalum notatum Bahia Grass Fluegge<br />
Poaceae Paspalum orbiculare Ditch Millet Forster<br />
Poaceae Paspalum scrobiculatum Scrobic L.<br />
Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Vasey Grass Steudel<br />
Poaceae Paspalum vaginatum Salt-water Couch Sw.<br />
Poaceae Paspalum wettsteinii Broad-leaved Paspalum Hack.<br />
Poaceae Pennisetum alopecuroides Swamp Foxtail (L.) Spreng.<br />
Poaceae Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu Grass Chiov.<br />
Poaceae Phalaris aquatica Phalaris L.<br />
Poaceae Phalaris canariensis L.<br />
Poaceae Phalaris minor Lesser Canary Grass Retz.<br />
Poaceae Phalaris paradoxa Paradoxa Grass L.<br />
Poaceae Phragmites australis Common Reed (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel<br />
Poaceae Phyllostachys aurea Fishpole Bamboo Riv.<br />
Poaceae Plinthanthesis paradoxa (R. Br.) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Poa affinis R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Poa annua Winter Grass L.<br />
Poaceae Poa bulbosa Bulbous Poa L.<br />
Poaceae Poa costiniana Vick.<br />
Poaceae Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Tussock Steud.<br />
Poaceae Poa meionectes Vick.<br />
Poaceae Poa poiformis var. poiformis (Labill.) Druce<br />
Poaceae Poa queenslandica C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Polypogon littoralis Perennial Beardgrass Smith<br />
Poaceae Polypogon monspeliensis annual Beardgrass (L.) Desf.<br />
Poaceae Pseudoraphis paradoxa Slender Mudgrass (R. Br.) Pilger<br />
Poaceae Rytidosperma vickeryae M. Gray & H.P. Linder<br />
Poaceae Sacciolepis indica Indian Cupscale Grass (L.) Chase<br />
Poaceae Setaria gracilis Slender Pigeon Grass Kunth<br />
Poaceae Setaria italica Foxtail Millet (L.) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Setaria pumila Pale Pigeon Grass (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />
Poaceae Setaria sphacelata South african Pigeon<br />
Grass<br />
270<br />
(Schumach.) Stapf &<br />
C.e.Hubb.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Poaceae Setaria viridis Green Pigeon Grass (L.) P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Sorghum halepense Johnson Grass Pers.<br />
Poaceae Sorghum leiocladum (Hack.) Spangler<br />
Poaceae Spinifex sericeus Hairy Spinifex R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus africanus Parramatta Grass (Poiret) Robyns & Tournay<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus caroli Fairy Grass Mez<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus creber Slender Rat’s Tail Grass De Nardi<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus diander P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus elongatus Slender Rat’s Tail Grass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus indicus Parramatta Grass (L.) R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo Grass (Walter) Kuntze<br />
Poaceae Tetrarrhena juncea Wiry Ricegrass R. Br.<br />
Poaceae Themeda quadrivalvis Grader Grass (L.) Kuntze<br />
Poaceae Thyridolepis mitchelliana Mulga Mitchell Grass (Nees) S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Tragus australianus Small Burrgrass S.T.Blake<br />
Poaceae Tripogon loliiformis Fiveminute Grass (F. Muell.) C.e.Hubb.<br />
Poaceae Urochloa panicoides Urochloa Grass P.Beauv.<br />
Poaceae Vulpia bromoides Squirrel Tail Fesque (L.) Gray<br />
Poaceae Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees.<br />
Poaceae Vulpia myuros forma megalura (L.) C. C. Gmel.<br />
Poaceae Walwhalleya subxerophila Gilgai Grass Domin<br />
Poaceae Zoysia macrantha Prickly Couch Desv.<br />
Podocarpaceae Podocarpus elatus Plum Pine R. Br. ex endl.<br />
Podocarpaceae Podocarpus spinulosus (Smith) R. Br. ex Mirbel<br />
Polygalaceae Comesperma defoliatum F. Muell.<br />
Polygalaceae Comesperma ericinum DC.<br />
Polygalaceae Comesperma retusum Labill.<br />
Polygalaceae Comesperma sphaerocarpum Steetz<br />
Polygalaceae Comesperma volubile Labill.<br />
Polygalaceae Polygala japonica Houtt.<br />
Polygalaceae Polygala myrtifolia L.<br />
Polygonaceae Acetosa sagittata ‘Rambling Dock, Turkey<br />
Rhubarb’<br />
Polygonaceae Acetosella vulgaris ‘Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel’ Fourr.<br />
Polygonaceae Muehlenbeckia gracillima Meissner<br />
Polygonaceae Muehlenbeckia rhyticarya F. Muell.<br />
271<br />
(Thunb.) L.Johnson &<br />
B.Briggs<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed (R. Br.) K.L.Wilson<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masamune<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper (L.) Spach<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Knotweed (L.) Gray<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Redshank S.F. Gray<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria orientalis Princes Feathers (L.) Spach<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria praetermissa (Hook. f.) Hara
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria prostrata Creeping Knotweed (R. Br.) Sojak<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria strigosa (R. Br.) Gross<br />
Polygonaceae Persicaria subsessilis Hairy Knotweed (R. Br.) K.L.Wilson<br />
Polygonaceae Polygonum arenastrum Wireweed Boreau<br />
Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Wireweed L.<br />
Polygonaceae Rumex brownii Swamp Dock Campdera<br />
Polygonaceae Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock Murray<br />
Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curled Dock L.<br />
Polygonaceae Rumex crystallinus Shiny Dock Lange<br />
Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius subsp. obtusifolius Broadleaf Dock L.<br />
Polypodiaceae Dictymia brownii (Wikstrom) Copel.<br />
Polypodiaceae Microsorum scandens Fragrant Fern (Forster f.) Tind.<br />
Polypodiaceae Platycerium bifurcatum elkhorn (Cav.) C.Chr.<br />
Polypodiaceae Platycerium superbum Staghorn Joncheere et Hennipman<br />
Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia confluens var. confluens Horseshoe Felt Fern (R. Br.) Ching<br />
Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt Fern (R. Br.)Ching<br />
Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth (C.Martius) Solms-Laub.<br />
Pontederiaceae Monochoria cyanea (F. Muell.) F. Muell.<br />
Portulacaceae Calandrinia eremaea ewart<br />
Portulacaceae Calandrinia pickeringii a.Gray<br />
Portulacaceae Neopaxia australasica (Hook. f.) O. Nilsson<br />
Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea Pigweed L.<br />
Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis Scarlet/Blue Pimpernel L.<br />
Primulaceae Lysimachia japonica Thunb.<br />
Primulaceae Samolus repens Creeping Brookweed (Forster & Forster f.) Pers.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia aemula Wallum Banksia R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Cav.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia oblongifolia Fern-leaved Banksia Cav.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia penicillata (a.S.George) K.R. Thiele<br />
Proteaceae Banksia robur Swamp Banksia Cav.<br />
Proteaceae Banksia serrata Old-man Banksia L.f.<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum ellipticum Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum ericifolium Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum taxifolium Smith<br />
Proteaceae Conospermum tenuifolium R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. acanthifolia Cunn.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea arenaria R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea australis alpine Grevillea R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea floribunda subsp. floribunda Seven Dwarfs Grevillea R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea granulifera (McGillivray) P.Olde &<br />
N.Marri<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea johnsonii McGillivray<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea linearifolia (Cav.) Druce<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea montana R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea mucronulata R. Br.<br />
272
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea obtusiflora R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea oldei McGillvary<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora Small-flower Grevillea R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea phylicoides R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea ramosissima subsp. ramosissima Fan Grevillea Meisn.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea robusta Silky Oak R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea rosmarinifolia a.Cunn.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea shiressii Blakely<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea speciosa Red Spider Flower (Knight) McGillivray<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea sphacelata Grey Spider Flower R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Grevillea triternata R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea archaeoides Big Nellie Hakea W.R. Barker<br />
Proteaceae Hakea bakeriana F.Muell & Maiden<br />
Proteaceae Hakea dactyloides ‘Finger Hakea, Broadleaved<br />
Hakea’<br />
Proteaceae Hakea eriantha R. Br.<br />
273<br />
(Gaertner) Cav.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea gibbosa (Smith) Cav.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea microcarpa Small-fruited Hakea R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea propinqua Cunn.<br />
Proteaceae Hakea salicifolia Willow-leaved Hakea (Vent.) B.L.Burtt<br />
Proteaceae Hakea sericea Needlebush Schrader & Wendl.<br />
Proteaceae Isopogon anemonifolius Broad-leaf Drumsticks (Salisb.) Knight<br />
Proteaceae Isopogon anethifolius (Salisb.) Knight<br />
Proteaceae Isopogon dawsonii R. Baker<br />
Proteaceae Isopogon petiolaris Cunn.<br />
Proteaceae Lambertia formosa Mountain Devil Smith<br />
Proteaceae Lomatia arborescens L. Fraser & Vick.<br />
Proteaceae Lomatia fraseri Silky Lomatia R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Lomatia myricoides River Lomatia (C.F.Gaertner) Domin<br />
Proteaceae Lomatia silaifolia Crinkle Bush (Smith) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Orites excelsus Prickly ash R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia acuminata L. Johnson & P. Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia brevifolia (F.Muell) L Johnson & P<br />
Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia chamaepeuce Lhotsky ex Meissner<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia chamaepitys Mountain Geebung Cunn.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia conjuncta P. Weston & L. Johnson<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia cornifolia Cunn. ex R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia curvifolia R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia cuspidifera L. Johnson and P. Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia hirsuta subsp. hirsuta Pers.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia isophylla L.Johnson & P.Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia lanceolata Lance Leaf Geebung andrews<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia levis Broad-leaved Geebung (Cav.) Domin<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved<br />
Geebung<br />
andrews
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia media R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia mollis subsp. mollis R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia oblongata R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia oleoides L. Johnson & P. Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia pauciflora North Rothbury<br />
Persoonia<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia pinifolia Pine-leaved Geebung R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia rigida R. Br.<br />
274<br />
P.H. Weston<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia sericea Cunn. ex R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Persoonia virgata R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Petrophile canescens Conesticks Cunn. ex R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Petrophile pulchella Conesticks (Schrader & Wendl.) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Stenocarpus salignus Scrub Beefwood R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel Tree endl.<br />
Proteaceae Symphionema paludosum R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Telopea speciosissima Waratah (Smith) R. Br.<br />
Proteaceae Xylomelum pyriforme Woody Pear (Gaertner) Knight<br />
Psilotaceae Tmesipteris ovata Wakef.<br />
Psilotaceae Tmesipteris truncata (R. Br.) Desv.<br />
Pteridaceae Pteris sp. aff. comans Forst.f<br />
Pteridaceae Pteris tremula Tender Brake R.Br<br />
Pteridaceae Pteris umbrosa Jungle Brake R.Br<br />
Ranunculaceae Clematis aristata Old Man’s Beard R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus amphitrichus Colenso<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus collinus R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus inundatus River Buttercup R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus lappaceus Common Buttercup Sm.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus meristus<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Hook.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus plebeius R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pumilio R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup L.<br />
Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus R. Br. ex DC.<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion fimbriatum (Johnson & evans)Johnson<br />
& Bri<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion gracile (R. Br.) L Johnson & B Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion pallens (R. Br.) L Johnson & B Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion stenocoleum (Johnson & evans)Johnson<br />
& Bri<br />
Restionaceae Baloskion tenuiculme (S.T. Blake) Johnson & Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Chordifex dimorphus (R. Br.) B. Briggs & L Johnson<br />
Restionaceae Coleocarya gracilis S.T.Blake<br />
Restionaceae Empodisma minus (Hook. f) L.Johnson &<br />
D.Cutler<br />
Restionaceae Eurychorda complanata (R. Br.) B Briggs & L Johnson
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Restionaceae Hypolaena fastigiata R. Br.<br />
Restionaceae Leptocarpus tenax (Labill.) R. Br.<br />
Restionaceae Lepyrodia anarthria F. Muell.<br />
Restionaceae Lepyrodia leptocaulis L.Johnson&O.evans<br />
Restionaceae Lepyrodia muelleri Benth.<br />
Restionaceae Lepyrodia scariosa R. Br.<br />
Restionaceae Lepyrodia species A<br />
Restionaceae Sporadanthus caudatus (Johnson & evans)Johnson<br />
& Bri<br />
Restionaceae Sporadanthus gracilis (R. Br.) L Johnson & B Briggs<br />
Restionaceae Sporadanthus interruptus (F. Muell.) Johnson & Briggs<br />
Rhamnaceae Alphitonia excelsa Red ash (Fenzl) Reisseck ex Benth.<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra armata C. White & Francis<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra ericoides Smith<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra propinqua Fenzl<br />
Rhamnaceae Cryptandra spinescens Sieber ex DC.<br />
Rhamnaceae Discaria pubescens australian anchor Plant (Brongn.) Druce<br />
Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma alphitonioides Yellow ash F. Muell.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris angustifolia Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris Sieber ex DC.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris bodalla Bodalla Pomaderris N.G. Walsh & F. Coates<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris costata Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris discolor (Vent.) Poiret<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris elliptica subsp. elliptica Labill.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris eriocephala Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris ferruginea Sieber ex Fenzl<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris helianthemifolia subsp. hispida (Reissek) N.a.Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris intermedia Sieber<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris lanigera (andrews) Sims<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris ledifolia Cunn.<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris prunifolia Fenzl<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris queenslandica Scant Pomaderris C. White<br />
Rhamnaceae Pomaderris vellea Wakef.<br />
Rhamnaceae Spyridium buxifolium Fenzl<br />
Ripogonaceae Ripogonum album White Supplejack R. Br.<br />
Ripogonaceae Ripogonum brevifolium Small-leaved<br />
Supplejack<br />
Ripogonaceae Ripogonum discolor Prickly Supplejack F. Muell.<br />
Ripogonaceae Ripogonum fawcettianum Small Supplejack Benth.<br />
Rosaceae Acaena agnipila Gand.<br />
Rosaceae Acaena echinata Nees<br />
Rosaceae Acaena novae-zelandiae ‘Bidgee-widgee, Biddy<br />
Biddy’<br />
Rosaceae Acaena ovina Cunn.<br />
Rosaceae Geum urbanum L.<br />
275<br />
Conran & Clifford<br />
Rosaceae Potentilla indica Indian Strawberry (Jacks.) Th.Wolf<br />
Kirk
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Rosaceae Rosa canina Dog Rose L.<br />
Rosaceae Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar L.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus discolor Blackberry Weihe & Nees<br />
Rosaceae Rubus fruticosus sp. agg. Blackberry complex L.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus moorei Silky Bramble F. Muell.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus nebulosus Green-leaved Bramble Bean<br />
Rosaceae Rubus parvifolius Native Raspberry L.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus roribaccus North american<br />
Dewberry<br />
276<br />
Rydb.<br />
Rosaceae Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry Schott<br />
Rosaceae Sanguisorba minor subsp. muricata Sheep’s Burnet Scop.<br />
Rubiaceae Asperula asthenes Trailing Woodruff airy Shaw & Turrill<br />
Rubiaceae Asperula charophyton airy Shaw & Turrill<br />
Rubiaceae Asperula conferta Common Woodruff J.D.Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Asperula gunnii Mountain Woodruff J.D.Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Asperula scoparia Prickly Woodruff J.D.Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Atractocarpus benthamianus (F. Muell.) Puttock<br />
Rubiaceae Coprosma hirtella Labill.<br />
Rubiaceae Coprosma nitida Hook. f.<br />
Rubiaceae Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant Bush (Labill.) Robinson<br />
Rubiaceae Coprosma repens Looking-glass Bush a.Rich.<br />
Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum coprosmoides Coast Canthium F. Muell.<br />
Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum longipetalum Coast Canthium S.T.Reynolds & R.J.F.Hend.<br />
Rubiaceae Durringtonia paludosa R.Henderson & Guymer<br />
Rubiaceae Galium aparine Goosegrass L.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium binifolium Wakef.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium ciliare J.D.Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium curvihirtum ehrend. & McGillvray<br />
Rubiaceae Galium gaudichaudii Rough Bedstraw DC.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium liratum Wakef.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium migrans ehrend. & McGillivray<br />
Rubiaceae Galium murale Small Bedstraw (L.) all.<br />
Rubiaceae Galium propinquum Maori Bedstraw Cunn.<br />
Rubiaceae Ixora beckleri Native Ixora Benth.<br />
Rubiaceae Leptostigma reptans (F. Muell.) Fosberg<br />
Rubiaceae Morinda canthoides Veiny Morinda (F.Muell.) Halford &<br />
R.J.F.Hend.<br />
Rubiaceae Morinda jasminoides Sweet Morinda Cunn.<br />
Rubiaceae Nertera granadensis (Mutis) Druce<br />
Rubiaceae Opercularia aspera Coarse Stinkweed Gaertner<br />
Rubiaceae Opercularia diphylla Gaertner<br />
Rubiaceae Opercularia hispida Hairy Stinkweed Sprengel<br />
Rubiaceae Opercularia varia Variable Stinkweed J.D.Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Pomax umbellata (Gaertner) Sol ex a. Rich<br />
Rubiaceae Psychotria daphnoides Smooth Psychotria Hook.<br />
Rubiaceae Psychotria loniceroides Hairy Psychotria DC.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Rubiaceae Psydrax oleifolia (Hook.f.) S.T.Reynolds &<br />
R.J.F.Hend.<br />
Rubiaceae Richardia brasiliensis Mexican Clover (Moq.) Gomez<br />
Rubiaceae Richardia humistrata (Chambers & Schlecht.)<br />
Steud.<br />
Rubiaceae Richardia stellaris (Cham. & Schldl.) Steudel<br />
Rubiaceae Sherardia arvensis Field Madder L.<br />
Rutaceae Acradenia euodiiformis Yellow Satinheart (F. Muell.) T.Hartley<br />
Rutaceae Acronychia oblongifolia Common acronychia (Cunn. ex Hook) endl ex<br />
Heynh.<br />
Rutaceae Acronychia wilcoxiana Silver aspen (F. Muell.) T.Hartley<br />
Rutaceae Asterolasia correifolia (Juss.) Benth.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia anemonifolia var. anemonifolia a.Cunn.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia anethifolia Cunn. ex endl.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia bipinnata Lindley<br />
Rutaceae Boronia falcifolia Cunn. ex Lindley<br />
Rutaceae Boronia floribunda Pale-pink Boronia Reichb.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia fraseri Hook.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia ledifolia Sydney Boronia (Vent.) DC.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia microphylla Small-leaved Boronia Reichb.<br />
Rutaceae Boronia mollis Soft Boronia Cunn. ex Lindley<br />
Rutaceae Boronia parviflora Swamp Boronia Smith<br />
Rutaceae Boronia pinnata Smith<br />
Rutaceae Boronia polygalifolia Smith<br />
Rutaceae Boronia rigens Cheel<br />
Rutaceae Citrus x taitensis Rough Lemon Risso<br />
Rutaceae Correa alba var. alba White Correa andrews<br />
Rutaceae Correa glabra Rock Correa Lindl.<br />
Rutaceae Crowea exalata subsp. exalata F. Muell.<br />
Rutaceae Crowea saligna andrews<br />
Rutaceae Eriostemon australasius Pers.<br />
Rutaceae Geijera parviflora Wilga Lindley<br />
Rutaceae Leionema dentatum Toothed Phebalium (Sm.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Leionema diosmeum Juss.<br />
Rutaceae Melicope micrococca Hairy-leaved<br />
Doughwood<br />
277<br />
(F. Muell.) T.Hartley<br />
Rutaceae Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea Satinwood (Labill.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Phebalium obcordatum Club-leaved Phebalium Benth.<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca ericifolia (a. Cunn. ex Benth.) Paul G.<br />
Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca hispidula (Spreng.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca obovalis (a.Cunn.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca scabra subsp. scabra (Paxton) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Philotheca trachyphylla (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson<br />
Rutaceae Sarcomelicope simplicifolia subsp. simplicifolia Big Yellow Wood (endl.) T.Hartley<br />
Rutaceae Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum Thorny Yellowwood F. Muell.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria adenodonta Wollumbin Zieria (F. Muell.) J.a. armstrong
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Rutaceae Zieria arborescens Stinkwood Sims<br />
Rutaceae Zieria aspalathoides Cunn. ex Benth.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria cytisoides Downy Zieria Smith<br />
Rutaceae Zieria furfuracea R. Br. ex Benth.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria laevigata Bonpl.<br />
Rutaceae Zieria laxiflora Domin<br />
Rutaceae Zieria pilosa ‘Pilose-leafed Zieria,<br />
Hairy Zieria’<br />
278<br />
Rudge<br />
Rutaceae Zieria smithii Sandfly Zieria Jackson<br />
Rutaceae Zieria southwellii J.a. armstrong ms<br />
Salicaceae Salix babylonica Weeping Willow L.<br />
Salicaceae Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma Golden Weeping<br />
Willow<br />
Simonk.<br />
Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta D. Mitch.<br />
Sambucaceae Sambucus australasica Native elderberry (Lindley) Fritsch<br />
Sambucaceae Sambucus gaudichaudiana White elderberry DC.<br />
Santalaceae Choretrum candollei White Sour Bush Benth.<br />
Santalaceae Choretrum glomeratum Common Sour Bush R. Br.<br />
Santalaceae Choretrum species A<br />
Santalaceae Exocarpos cupressiformis Native Cherry Labill.<br />
Santalaceae Exocarpos strictus Dwarf Cherry R. Br.<br />
Santalaceae Leptomeria acida Sour Currant Bush R. Br.<br />
Santalaceae Leptomeria drupacea (Labill.) Druce<br />
Santalaceae Omphacomeria acerba (R. Br.) a.DC.<br />
Santalaceae Santalum acuminatum Sweet Quandong (R. Br.) a.DC.<br />
Santalaceae Santalum lanceolatum Northern Sandalwood R. Br.<br />
Santalaceae Santalum obtusifolium Sandalwood R. Br.<br />
Santalaceae Thesium australe austral Toadflax R. Br.<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon coriaceus Beach alectryon (Benth.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon subcinereus Wild Quince (a.Gray) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon subdentatus forma subdentatus (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Alectryon tomentosus (F. Muell.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Arytera divaricata Coogera F. Muell.<br />
Sapindaceae Cardiospermum grandiflorum Balloon Vine Sw.<br />
Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum var. halicacabum Small Balloon Vine L.<br />
Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis anacardioides Tuckeroo (a.Rich.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis baileyana Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis parvifolia (Bailey) L.Johnson<br />
Sapindaceae Diploglottis cunninghamii (Hook.) J.D.Hook.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea boroniifolia G.Don<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea camfieldii Maiden & Betche<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea lanceolata var. subsessilifolia F. Muell.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea megazyga (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea multijuga G.Don<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea pinnata Smith<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea triangularis Lindley
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea triquetra Large-leaf Hop-bush Wendl.<br />
Sapindaceae Dodonaea truncatiales F. Muell.<br />
Sapindaceae Elattostachys nervosa Green Tamarind (F. Muell.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Guioa semiglauca (F. Muell.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Harpullia hillii F. Muell.<br />
Sapindaceae Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus forma<br />
pseudorhus<br />
279<br />
Foambark Tree (a.Rich.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Mischocarpus australis S.Reyn.<br />
Sapindaceae Mischocarpus pyriformis subsp. pyriformis Yellow Pear-fruit (F. Muell.) Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Rhysotoechia bifoliolata subsp. bifoliolata Two-leaved Tuckeroo Radlk.<br />
Sapindaceae Sarcopteryx stipata Steelwood (F. Muell.) Radlk.<br />
Sapotaceae Planchonella australis Black apple (R. Br.) Baehni<br />
Sapotaceae Planchonella sp. Blunt-leaved Coondoo (Cunn. ex Benth.) Francis<br />
Schizaeaceae Schizaea bifida Forked Comb Fern Willd<br />
Schizaeaceae Schizaea dichotoma Branched Comb Fern (L.) Smith<br />
Schizaeaceae Schizaea rupestris R.Br<br />
Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />
Scrophulariaceae Derwentia blakelyi B. Briggs & ehrend<br />
Scrophulariaceae Derwentia derwentiana (andrews) B.Briggs &<br />
ehrend.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Derwentia perfoliata Digger’s Speedwell (R. Br.) B. Briggs & ehrend.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia ciliolata Polblue eyebright W.R. Barker<br />
Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia collina subsp. paludosa R. Br.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia orthocheila subsp. orthocheila W.R.Barker<br />
Scrophulariaceae Gratiola pedunculata R. Br.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Gratiola peruviana australian Brooklime L.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Gratiola pubescens R. Br.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Linaria pelisseriana Pelisser’s Toadflax (L.) Miller<br />
Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus Musk Monkey-flower Lindley<br />
Scrophulariaceae Mimulus repens Creeping Monkeyflower<br />
Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus Blanket Weed L.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Verbascum virgatum ‘Twiggy Mullein, Green<br />
Mullein’<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water-speedwell L.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell L.<br />
R. Br.<br />
Stokes<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica brownii Roemer & Schultes<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica calycina Hairy Speedwell R. Br.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell L.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica notabilis F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica persica Creeping Speedwell Poiret<br />
Scrophulariaceae Veronica plebeia Trailing Speedwell R. Br.<br />
Selaginellaceae Selaginella uliginosa Swamp Selaginella (Labill.)Spring<br />
Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven (Miller) Swingle<br />
Simaroubaceae Ailanthus triphysa White Bean (Dennst.) alston<br />
Smilacaceae Smilax australis ‘Lawyer Vine, Wait-awhile,<br />
Barbwire Vine’<br />
R. Br.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Smilacaceae Smilax glyciphylla Sweet Sarsparilla Smith<br />
Solanaceae Cestrum aurantiacum Orange Cestrum Lindley<br />
Solanaceae Cestrum nocturnum Lady-of-the-night L.<br />
Solanaceae Cestrum parqui Green Cestrum L’Her.<br />
Solanaceae Datura ferox Fierce Thornapple L.<br />
Solanaceae Datura stramonium Common Thornapple L.<br />
Solanaceae Duboisia myoporoides Corkwood R. Br.<br />
Solanaceae Lycium ferocissimum african Boxthorn Miers<br />
Solanaceae Nicotiana megalosiphon subsp. megalosiphon Van Heurck & Muell.arg.<br />
Solanaceae Nicotiana suaveolens Native Tobacco Lehm.<br />
Solanaceae Physalis angulata Wild Gooseberry L.<br />
Solanaceae Physalis ixocarpa Ground Cherry Hornem.<br />
Solanaceae Physalis peruviana Cape Gooseberry L.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum amblymerum Spiny Kangaroo apple Dunal<br />
Solanaceae Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade Miller<br />
Solanaceae Solanum aviculare Kangaroo apple G.Forster<br />
Solanaceae Solanum brownii Violet Nightshade Dunal<br />
Solanaceae Solanum campanulatum R. Br.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum capsicoides Devil’s apple all.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum chenopodioides Whitetip Nightshade Lam.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum cinereum Narrawa Burr R. Br.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum cleistogamum Symon<br />
Solanaceae Solanum densevestitum Benth.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum esuriale Quena Lindley<br />
Solanaceae Solanum laxum Potato Climber Paxton<br />
Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Wild Tobacco Bush Scop.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum parvifolium R. Br.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum Rusby<br />
Solanaceae Solanum prinophyllum Forest Nightshade Dunal<br />
Solanaceae Solanum pseudocapsicum Madeira Winter Cherry L.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum pungetium eastern Nightshade R. Br.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum radicans L.<br />
Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Brazilian Nightshade andrews<br />
Solanaceae Solanum stelligerum Devil’s Needles Smith<br />
Solanaceae Solanum vescum F. Muell.<br />
Solanaceae Withania somnifera Winter Cherry (L.) Dunal<br />
Sparganiaceae Sparganium subglobosum Morong<br />
Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia monogyna Creamy Candles Labill.<br />
Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia muricata Lindley<br />
Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia nuda Lindley<br />
Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia viminea Slender Stackhousia Smith<br />
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton acerifolius Illawarra Flame Tree F. Muell.<br />
Sterculiaceae Brachychiton discolor Lacebark Tree F. Muell.<br />
Sterculiaceae Commersonia fraseri Brush Kurrajong Gay<br />
Sterculiaceae Heritiera actinophylla Black Booyong (Bailey) Kosterm.<br />
280
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Sterculiaceae Heritiera trifoliolata White Booyong (F. Muell.) Kosterm.<br />
Sterculiaceae Keraudrenia corollata var. corollata (Steetz) Druce<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum macrophyllum Graham<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum parviflorum Rudge<br />
Sterculiaceae Lasiopetalum rufum Benth.<br />
Sterculiaceae Melhania oblongifolia F. Muell.<br />
Sterculiaceae Rulingia dasyphylla Kerrawang (andrews) Sweet<br />
Sterculiaceae Rulingia hermanniifolia (DC.) endl.<br />
Sterculiaceae Rulingia procumbens Maiden & Betche<br />
Sterculiaceae Seringia arborescens (aiton) Druce<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium debile var. debile F. Muell.<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium graminifolium Grass Triggerplant Willd.<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium laricifolium Tree Triggerplant Rich.<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium lineare Narrow-leaved<br />
Triggerplant<br />
281<br />
Sw. ex Willd.<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium paniculatum F. Muell.<br />
Stylidiaceae Stylidium productum Hindmarsh & Blaxell<br />
Surianaceae Guilfoylia monostylis (Benth.) F. Muell.<br />
Symplocaceae Symplocos stawellii White Hazelwood F. Muell.<br />
Symplocaceae Symplocos thwaitesii Buff Hazelwood F. Muell.<br />
Thelypteridaceae Christella dentata (Forsskal) Brownsey & Jermy<br />
Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.)H.Ito<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea glauca R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea micrantha F. Muell. ex Meissner<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea neo-anglica Poison Pimelea Threlfall<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea simplex subsp. simplex F. Muell.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea spicata Spiked Rice-flower R. Br.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea stricta Meissner<br />
Thymelaeaceae Pimelea strigosa Gand.<br />
Thymelaeaceae Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.Meyer<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca ericifolia Smith<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca glandulosa Smith<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca juncea Black-eyed Susan Smith<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca rubioides Cunn.<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca shiressii Blakely<br />
Tremandraceae Tetratheca thymifolia Black-eyed Susan Smith<br />
Trimeniaceae Trimenia moorei Bitter Vine (Oliv. ex Benth.) Philipson<br />
Typhaceae Typha domingensis Narrow-leaved<br />
Cumbungi<br />
Typhaceae Typha orientalis Broad-leaved<br />
Cumbungi<br />
Pers.<br />
C.Presl<br />
Ulmaceae Aphananthe philippinensis Rough-leaved elm Planchon<br />
Ulmaceae Trema tomentosa var. viridis Native Peach (Roxb.) Hara<br />
Unidentified Unidentified<br />
Urticaceae Australina pusilla (Poir.) Gaudich.<br />
Urticaceae Dendrocnide excelsa Giant Stinging Tree (Wedd.) Chew
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Urticaceae Dendrocnide photinophylla Shiny-leaved Stinging<br />
Tree<br />
Urticaceae Elatostema reticulatum Wedd.<br />
Urticaceae Elatostema stipitatum Wedd.<br />
282<br />
(Kunth) Chew<br />
Urticaceae Parietaria debilis Native Pellitory G. Forster<br />
Urticaceae Parietaria judaica Pellitory L.<br />
Urticaceae Urtica incisa Stinging Nettle Poiret<br />
Urticaceae Urtica urens Small Nettle L.<br />
Uvulariaceae Schelhammera undulata R. Br.<br />
Uvulariaceae Tripladenia cunninghamii D.Don<br />
Verbenaceae Callicarpa pedunculata R. Br.<br />
Verbenaceae Clerodendrum floribundum R. Br.<br />
Verbenaceae Clerodendrum tomentosum ‘Hairy Clerodendrum,<br />
Downy Chance Tree’<br />
(Vent.) R. Br.<br />
Verbenaceae Glandularia aristigera S. Moore<br />
Verbenaceae Gmelina leichhardtii White Beech (F. Muell.) Benth.<br />
Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana L.<br />
Verbenaceae Lantana montevidensis Creeping Lantana (Sprengel) Briq.<br />
Verbenaceae Oncinocalyx betchei F. Muell.<br />
Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora var. nodiflora Lippia (L.) Greene<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena bonariensis Purpletop L.<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena gaudichaudii (Briq.) P.W. Michael<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena littoralis Kunth<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis Common Verbena L.<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena quadrangularis Vell.<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena rigida Veined Verbena Spreng.<br />
Verbenaceae Verbena supina Trailing Verbena L.<br />
Violaceae Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade Flower (L.) F. Muell.<br />
Violaceae Hybanthus monopetalus Slender Violet-bush (Schultes) Domin<br />
Violaceae Hybanthus stellarioides (Domin.) P.I. Forst.<br />
Violaceae Melicytus dentatus Tree Violet DC.<br />
Violaceae Viola caleyana Swamp Violet G. Don<br />
Violaceae Viola fuscoviolacea (L.G. adams) T.a. James<br />
Violaceae Viola sieberiana Spreng.<br />
Viscaceae Korthalsella rubra endl.<br />
Viscaceae Notothixos cornifolius Kurrajong Mistletoe Oliver<br />
Viscaceae Notothixos subaureus Golden Mistletoe Oliver<br />
Vitaceae Cayratia clematidea Slender Grape (F. Muell.) Domin<br />
Vitaceae Cayratia eurynema B.L.Burtt<br />
Vitaceae Cissus antarctica Water Vine Vent.<br />
Vitaceae Cissus hypoglauca Giant Water Vine a.Gray<br />
Vitaceae Cissus opaca Small-leaved Water<br />
Vine<br />
F. Muell.<br />
Vitaceae Tetrastigma nitens (F. Muell.) Planchon<br />
Winteraceae Tasmannia glaucifolia Fragrant Pepperbush J. Williams<br />
Winteraceae Tasmannia insipida Brush Pepperwood R. Br. ex DC.
Appendix 9: List of species recorded in the study continued<br />
aPPeNDIx 9 List of species recorded in the study<br />
Family name Botanical name Common name Authority<br />
Winteraceae Tasmannia purpurascens Broad-leaved<br />
Pepperbush<br />
283<br />
(Vick.) a.C. Smith<br />
Winteraceae Tasmannia stipitata Northern Pepperbush (Vick.) a.C.Smith<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea acaulis (a.Lee) Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea arborea R. Br.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea australis R. Br.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea fulva (a.Lee) Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea johnsonii a.Lee<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea macronema F. Muell. ex Benth.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea malacophylla Bedford<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea media R. Br.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea minor subsp. minor R. Br.<br />
xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea resinosa (Sol. ex Kite)Nelson &<br />
Belford<br />
xyridaceae Xyris complanata R. Br.<br />
xyridaceae Xyris gracilis R. Br.<br />
xyridaceae Xyris juncea Dwarf Yellow-eye R. Br.<br />
xyridaceae Xyris operculata Labill.<br />
xyridaceae Xyris ustulata Nilsson<br />
Zamiaceae Lepidozamia peroffskyana Regel<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia communis Burrawang L.Johnson<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia concinna D.L. Jones<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia plurinervia (L.a.S. Johnson) D.L. Jones<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia reducta K.D. Hill & D.L. Jones<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia secunda C. Moore<br />
Zamiaceae Macrozamia spiralis (Salisb.) Miq.<br />
Zingiberaceae Alpinia arundelliana (Bailey) Schumann<br />
Zingiberaceae Alpinia caerulea Native Ginger Benth.<br />
Zingiberaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Ginger Lily Ker Gawler<br />
Zygophyllaceae Tribulus micrococcus ‘Yellow Vine, Spineless<br />
Caltrop’<br />
Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris Catshead L.<br />
Domin.<br />
Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllum glaucum Pale Twinleaf F. Muell.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 10:<br />
Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes<br />
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes continued<br />
ID Community Diagnostic species Soils & geology Landscape & climate Locations Comments Biometric<br />
Derived grasslands<br />
in coastal valleys<br />
dominated by<br />
Aristida vagans /<br />
Microlaena stipoides /<br />
Themeda australis /<br />
Cymbopogon<br />
refractus / Oplismenus<br />
aemulus /<br />
O. imbecillus<br />
Typically heavily grazed and likely had tree<br />
canopy cleared or greatly thinned / modified<br />
(i.e. derived from grassy woodlands)<br />
Low to medium<br />
fertility soils, e.g.<br />
Permian-derived<br />
soils; sedimentary<br />
soils<br />
Various associations: Aristida /<br />
Bothriochloa macra; Aristida /<br />
Eragrostis; Aristida / Cymbopogon<br />
refractus; Bothriochloa decipiens /<br />
Dichanthium sericeum;<br />
Chloris truncata / Sporobolus<br />
creber / Bothriochloa; Eragrostis<br />
leptostachya / Chloris ventricosa /<br />
Digitaria divaricatissima / Digitaria<br />
brownii / & others from above;<br />
may include small areas of<br />
Aristida ramosa / Austrostipa<br />
scabra / Bothriochloa decipiens<br />
on poorer soils on lower<br />
parts of Merriwa plateau<br />
landscape; may include areas<br />
of derived grasslands from<br />
modified / cleared Yellow Box<br />
communities (may represent<br />
White Box / Yellow Box / Blakely’s<br />
Red Gum woodland eeC)<br />
GC1 Mixed derived<br />
grasslands of lower<br />
fertility soils on<br />
valley floor<br />
284<br />
Typically have no or low tree cover; may<br />
include areas of derived grassland from<br />
modified / cleared Yellow Box communities<br />
(if so may represent White Box / Yellow<br />
Box / Blakely’s Red Gum woodland eeC)<br />
Upper Hunter: Merriwa,<br />
Scone, Bunnan, Denman<br />
& Cassilis areas<br />
Black soils of<br />
Merriwa plateau,<br />
south of Liverpool<br />
Range; grey clay;<br />
heavy clay; black<br />
basaltic soils<br />
Austrostipa aristiglumis; may also<br />
be dominated or co-dominated<br />
by Aristida spp. (e.g. Aristida<br />
personata on Merriwa plateau),<br />
Dichanthium sericeum, Panicum<br />
decompositum, Themeda<br />
avacenea, Austrostipa scabra &<br />
Austrodanthonia spp.<br />
GC 2 Plains Grass<br />
grassland of higher<br />
fertility soils<br />
Typically in ungrazed situations<br />
(Sorghum sensitive to grazing). Often in<br />
ungrazed / rarely grazed road & railway<br />
reserves.<br />
Known from Rouchel,<br />
Mt Royal & Gresford.<br />
Targeted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution.<br />
Occurs on a range<br />
of soils: shales,<br />
sandstones<br />
GC 3 Themeda australis /<br />
sorghum leiocladum<br />
grasslands
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes continued<br />
ID Community Diagnostic species Soils & geology Landscape & climate Locations Comments Biometric<br />
Restricted to ungrazed roadsides; possibly<br />
just variant of GC1 (mixed derived<br />
grasslands) but considered to be a higher<br />
quality grassland reflective of less-disturbed<br />
habitats<br />
Capillipedium spicigerum Targetted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution<br />
GC 4 Capillipedium<br />
spicigerum<br />
grassland<br />
aPPeNDIx 10 Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes<br />
Includes derived<br />
grasslands of the<br />
upper slopes,<br />
ridgetops and frost<br />
hollows of the Upper<br />
Hunter & Barrington<br />
ranges: dominated<br />
by P. sieberiana / P.<br />
Labillardieri /Themeda<br />
australis<br />
Likely derived from woodland / forest<br />
communities; typically tree canopy<br />
removed or greatly reduced (i.e. not<br />
naturally without trees)<br />
Upper Hunter, Barrington<br />
Tops, Mt Royal &<br />
Liverpool Range<br />
Rich basaltic soils >600m; 1. Valley floors<br />
of higher altitudes (e.g.<br />
linear riparian areas<br />
& chains of ponds);<br />
2. Slopes of higher<br />
altitude<br />
Two variants / associations:<br />
1. P. labillardieri / M. stipoides<br />
2. P. siberiana / M. stipoides<br />
GC 5 Poa spp. / Microlaena<br />
stipoides derived<br />
grasslands of higher<br />
altitudes<br />
Represents listed eeC Includes ‘Headland<br />
grasslands’<br />
Seacliffs & headlands all coastal areas but only<br />
in small areas due to<br />
restrictive habitats<br />
Themeda australis / Lomandra<br />
longifolia / Westringia fruticosa /<br />
Isolepis nodosa<br />
GC 6 Themeda grasslands<br />
on seacliffs &<br />
coastal headlands<br />
285<br />
Scattered occurrences<br />
along coast and on<br />
offshore islands<br />
Coastal sands Sand dunes (not<br />
headlands): restricted<br />
to sand dunes (typically<br />
fore dunes); considered<br />
littoral species; may<br />
be confused with<br />
introduced species<br />
which RBG have<br />
records of co-existing;<br />
known from Indian<br />
Head; distribution<br />
unknown in Hunter<br />
Typical variants include:<br />
1. Zoysia macrantha<br />
2. Spinifex sericeus<br />
3. Sporobolus virginicus var.<br />
minor<br />
Other co-dominants or<br />
associated species: Themeda<br />
australis, Microlaena stipoides,<br />
Lomandra longifolia (possibly<br />
also Austrofestuca littoralis but<br />
S Jacobs considered unlikely to<br />
be present in Hunter or not as<br />
distinct grassland)<br />
GC 7 Coastal dune<br />
grasslands<br />
Likely derived from woodland / open forest<br />
communities; burnt repeatedly<br />
Widespread: Lower,<br />
Central & Upper Hunter<br />
Valley; Karuah & Manning<br />
valleys; foothills; to lesser<br />
extent in Wollombi &<br />
Central Coast areas<br />
Imperata cylindrica; often<br />
co-dominated by Bracken fern,<br />
Pteridium esculentum<br />
GC 8 Derived Blady Grass<br />
grasslands
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes continued<br />
ID Community Diagnostic species Soils & geology Landscape & climate Locations Comments Biometric<br />
Brushy Hill, Wybong,<br />
Goulburn River,<br />
Curricabark & Blackjack<br />
Mtn. Targeted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution: Travis Peake<br />
has some limited data.<br />
On serpentinite Often on north-facing<br />
slopes<br />
Triodia scariosa; often with<br />
Xanthorrhoea glauca present<br />
GC 9 Triodia grassland /<br />
shrubland<br />
Saltmarsh in<br />
estuaries of the<br />
Sydney Basin<br />
and south-east<br />
corner (Biometric<br />
Community 13059)<br />
Combine with saltmarsh complex, though<br />
technically still defined as grassland;<br />
represents a listed eeC<br />
Tidally inundated soils Hunter, Central Coast,<br />
Port Stephens, Karuah<br />
& Manning estuaries.<br />
Targeted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution.<br />
Sporobolus virginicus /<br />
Sarcocornia quinqueflora /<br />
Baumea juncea / Juncus krausii /<br />
Sueda australis / Samolus repens<br />
GC 10 Sporobolus<br />
virginicus<br />
saltmarsh /<br />
grasslands<br />
Considered as part of the wetland<br />
communities defined under ‘woody<br />
communities’ analysis although still<br />
technically grassland<br />
Hexham Swamp;<br />
targeted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution<br />
Phragmites australis Restricted to<br />
saturated / waterlogged<br />
soils<br />
GC 11 Phragmites australis<br />
tall grasslands<br />
286<br />
Similar to GC9<br />
Barrington ranges,<br />
Tomalla, Wollemi &<br />
Goulburn River; targeted<br />
surveying required<br />
to define spatial<br />
distribution: may be too<br />
small to map (e.g.
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes continued<br />
ID Community Diagnostic species Soils & geology Landscape & climate Locations Comments Biometric<br />
May be artefact of disturbance or<br />
introduction (widely used as lawn grass);<br />
S. Jacobs questioned whether natually<br />
occurring in Hunter, though given that it is<br />
considered native (albeit with cosmopolitan<br />
distribution) should be considered; may<br />
be part of the natural variation (though<br />
associated with disturbance) in other<br />
derived grassland communities such as<br />
GC1, GC2 & GC3<br />
Management related Widespread; extensive<br />
areas of Hunter, Central<br />
Coast & Mid North Coast<br />
Cynodon dactylon High fertility,<br />
deep soils<br />
GC 15 Cynodon dactylon<br />
grasslands of<br />
alluvial plains,<br />
floodplains &<br />
terraces<br />
aPPeNDIx 10 Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes<br />
Wollemi, Goulburn<br />
River & Owens Gap;<br />
targeted surveying<br />
required to define spatial<br />
distribution: may be too<br />
small to map (e.g.
HClNC Vegetation Classification & mapping Project: Volume 1: Vegetation Classification Technical Report<br />
Appendix 10: Grasslands communities expert review workshop outcomes continued<br />
ID Community Diagnostic species Soils & geology Landscape & climate Locations Comments Biometric<br />
Merriwa plateau Not main grassland on Merriwa plateau<br />
(Plains Grass); feedback from workshop<br />
suggested this should be grouped in with<br />
Group 1 above, however, as it is a different<br />
landscape position I thought it should<br />
possibly be treated seperately?<br />
Threeawn Wire Grass (Aristida<br />
ramosa), Corkscrew Grass<br />
(Austrostipa scabra), Red Grass<br />
(Bothriochloa decipiens)<br />
? Derived grasslands<br />
of the slopes on the<br />
Merriwa plateau<br />
alluvial plains Scone research centre Feedback from the workshop suggested<br />
this was not a real community – does it<br />
possibly belong with Couch Grass–derived<br />
grasslands on alluvial plains above as a<br />
‘Derived grasslands on alluvial plains’<br />
community?<br />
? Paspalidium distans<br />
on alluvialm flats<br />
288
ISBN 978-1-920859-29-9