Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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Morocco. The group emerged in the 1990s and was composed of Moroccan recruits who trained in armed camps in Afghanistan, including some who fought in the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Former GICM members interact with other North African extremists, particularly in Europe. Activities: GICM members were believed to be among those responsible for the 2004 Madrid train bombings, which killed 191 people. GICM members were also implicated in the recruitment network for Iraq, and at least one GICM member carried out a suicide attack against Coalition Forces in Iraq. According to open source reports, GICM individuals are believed to have participated in the 2003 Casablanca attacks. However, the group has largely been inactive since these attacks, and has not claimed responsibility for or had attacks attributed to them since the Madrid train bombings in 2004. Strength: Much of GICM’s leadership in Morocco and Europe has been killed, imprisoned, or is awaiting trial. In 2003, alleged leader Mohamed al-Guerbouzi was convicted in absentia by the Moroccan government for his role in the Casablanca attacks but remains free in exile in London. Location/Area of Operation: Morocco, Western Europe, and Afghanistan. Funding and External Aid: In the past, GICM has been involved in narcotics trafficking in North Africa and Europe to fund its operations. aka ELN; Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY Description: The National Liberation Army (ELN) was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on October 8, 1997. The ELN is a Colombian Marxist-Leninist group formed in 1964. It is primarily rural-based, though it also has several urban units. The ELN remains focused on attacking economic infrastructure, in particular oil and gas pipelines and electricity pylons, and extorting foreign and local companies. Activities: The ELN engages in kidnappings, hijackings, bombings, drug trafficking, and extortion activities. The group also uses intimidation of judges, prosecutors and witnesses and has been involved in the murder of teachers and trade unionists. Historically, the ELN has been one of the most prolific users of anti-personnel mines in Colombia. In recent years, the ELN has launched joint attacks with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Colombia’s largest terrorist organization. In September 2012, an Ecuadorian hostage escaped from the ELN after two years of captivity. He reported that ELN guerrillas assassinated his father on January 31, after he paid the ransom the group had requested for the release of his son. In November, an ELN bomb killed one person and injured three in El Tarra, Catatumbo, near the Venezuelan border. ELN attacks on Colombia’s oil and gas industry continued in 2012, resulting in major economic damage, and numerous deaths and kidnappings. After demanding a nearly $300,000 ransom, the ELN released two kidnapped oil workers after 12 days of captivity in Arauca Department in December. The ELN released another two oil workers within 48 hours. Strength: Approximately 2,000 armed combatants and an unknown number of active supporters. 274
Location/Area of Operation: Mostly in the rural and mountainous areas of northern, northeastern, and southwestern Colombia, as well as the border regions with Venezuela. Funding and External Aid: The ELN draws its funding from the narcotics trade and from extortion of oil and gas companies. Additional funds are derived from kidnapping ransoms. There is no known external aid. PALESTINE ISLAMIC JIHAD - SHAQAQI FACTION aka PIJ; Palestine Islamic Jihad; PIJ-Shaqaqi Faction; PIJ-Shallah Faction; Islamic Jihad of Palestine; Islamic Jihad in Palestine; Abu Ghunaym Squad of the Hizballah Bayt al-Maqdis; Al- Quds Squads; Al-Quds Brigades; Saraya al-Quds; Al-Awdah Brigades Description: Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on October 8, 1997. Formed by militant Palestinians in Gaza during the 1970s, PIJ is committed to both the destruction of Israel through attacks against Israeli military and civilian targets and the creation of an Islamic state in all of historic Palestine, including present day Israel. Activities: PIJ terrorists have conducted numerous attacks, including large-scale suicide bombings against Israeli civilian and military targets. PIJ continued to plan and direct attacks against Israelis both inside Israel and in the West Bank and Gaza. Though U.S. citizens have died in PIJ attacks, the group has not directly targeted U.S. interests. PIJ attacks between 2008 and 2011 were primarily rocket attacks aimed at southern Israeli cities, and have also included attacking Israeli targets with explosive devices. 2012 saw no deviation from PIJ terrorist tactics. The group is thought to be behind a large number of the record setting 2,300 plus rockets launched from Gaza towards Israel. Additionally, on November 21, 2012, PIJ operatives, working with HAMAS, detonated a bomb on a bus in Tel Aviv, leaving 29 civilians wounded. Strength: PIJ has fewer than 1,000 members. Location/Area of Operation: Primarily Gaza with minimal operational presence in the West Bank and Israel. The group’s senior leadership resides in Syria. Other leadership elements reside in Lebanon and official representatives are scattered throughout the Middle East. Funding and External Aid: Receives financial assistance and training primarily from Iran. PALESTINE LIBERATION FRONT - ABU ABBAS FACTION aka PLF; PLF-Abu Abbas; Palestine Liberation Front Description: The Palestinian Liberation Front – Abu Abbas Faction (PLF) was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on October 8, 1997. In the late 1970s, the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) splintered from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC), and then later split into pro-PLO, pro-Syrian, and pro-Libyan factions. The pro-PLO faction was led by Muhammad Zaydan (a.k.a. Abu Abbas) and was based in Baghdad prior to Operation Iraqi Freedom. 275
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Country Re
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Chapter 5. Terrorist Safe Havens (U
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Chapter 1. Strategic Assessment The
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While terrorism from non-state acto
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training courses in Algeria and Mor
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Countering Radicalization and Viole
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Legislation, Law Enforcement, and B
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emained an active security threat t
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youth in positive activities. In ad
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kenya
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(CEMOC), based in Tamanrasset, Alge
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On September 24, Arab Maghreb Union
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widespread destruction of property
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While Nigeria regularly froze the a
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DRC to encourage the FDLR and other
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On April 4, a bombing of the nation
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etween some South Africa government
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Emrah Erdogan, in Dar es Salaam sug
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(DRC); and one defunct Ugandan rebe
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enforcement officers attended U.S.-
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February, the Supreme Court rejecte
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1980s. Despite two rounds of DPRK-J
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cooperated closely with the interna
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curfews and limits on their travel
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Republic Act No. 10167, which amend
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and was awaiting extradition to Tha
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countries signed or ratified agreem
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the confiscation of assault rifles,
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On June 25, six members of the so-c
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possession of weapons. They were se
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agreements; and lacked the legal an
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Prevention constitutes a key elemen
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powers to security services for the
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attempted murder of a U.S. consul i
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2012 Terrorist Incidents: The year
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of South America against Money Laun
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DHS/ICE provided training to Hellen
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On January 24, an individual was se
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On March 27, Venice prosecutors ord
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In December, the Supreme Court of K
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United States admissible, which was
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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For further information on money la
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According to the Prosecutor's Offic
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Additional information on arrests o
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Swedish citizen Paul Mardirossian,
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On May 25, a policeman was killed a
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Regional and International Cooperat
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separate addresses in Luton under t
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nascent security institutions, allo
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On March 3, a vehicle-borne IED was
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effects of fanaticism, and ways to
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equired actions. There are no speci
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cooperation between investigators,
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On November 21, a bomb exploded in
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states with counterterrorism effort
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The PASF detained terrorists in the
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The State Security Court (SSC) is J
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kuwai
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On October 3, an explosion at a Hiz
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Overview: In 2012, Libya was marked
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intensify cooperation with their ne
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In December, authorities dismantled
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territorial waters. In addition, th
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Saudi security forces in Jizan prov
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Overview: Tunisian security forces
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the presidential amnesty granted af
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Tunisia. Tunisian authorities inten
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In March, ICE and CBP provided BCS
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comprehensive and does not include
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There were a number of arrests of t
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AFGHANISTAN Overview: Though the pr
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established by President Karzai in
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In December, the Indian government
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government infrastructure or armed
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KYRGYZSTAN Overview: 2012 was a yea
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Maldi
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Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), which cont
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Pakistan did not conclude the trial
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organizational remnants have contin
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Annual Report to Congress on Intern
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that address terrorism, including t
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took place in Switzerland. Argentin
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Overview: Canada is an indispensabl
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Canada has a rigorous detection and
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On April 27, in a complex attack in
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expert to Peru to provide instructi
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Executive Decree 448 of December 28
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Department. Estimates of membership
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Peruvian population in border areas
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ut instead choose to rejoin SL upon
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Chapter 3. State Sponsors of Terror
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of millions of dollars in support o
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In June 2010, four Sudanese men sen
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Chapter 4. The Global Challenge of
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provided equipment and training to
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Chapter 5 Terrorist Safe Havens (Up
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Iraq. In 2012, the Government of Ir
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Yemen’s political instability mak
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existing designations. The Departme
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MULTILATERAL EFFORTS TO COUNTER TER
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information on remaining listings h
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system against money laundering and
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possible AU-originated designations
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in Africa, the Middle East, and Sou
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Page 229 and 230: Radio Sawa also broadcast on medium
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Page 233 and 234: pages with RFA news content. RFA al
Page 235 and 236: Religion Magazine programs have bee
Page 237 and 238: and training model to improve stude
Page 239 and 240: Morocco. USAID’s Improving Traini
Page 241 and 242: tool to more than 433 teachers thro
Page 243 and 244: programs. As an integral part of im
Page 245 and 246: Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Banglades
Page 247 and 248: Funding and External Aid: The ANO
Page 249 and 250: Kurdistan. On May 4, 2010, Abu Abdu
Page 251 and 252: Activities: In March 1995, AUM memb
Page 253 and 254: warfare. Jose Maria Sison, the Chai
Page 255 and 256: cease-fire, along with post-Septemb
Page 257 and 258: Embassy and ISAF headquarters in Ka
Page 259 and 260: HARAKAT UL-MUJAHIDEEN aka HUM; Hara
Page 261 and 262: eplaced his cousin, Imad Mugniyeh,
Page 263 and 264: Activities: The IJU primarily opera
Page 265 and 266: Funding and External Aid: To avoid
Page 267 and 268: JUNDALLAH aka People’s Resistance
Page 269 and 270: Strength: Membership is estimated a
Page 271 and 272: In 2011, LeT was responsible for mu
Page 273: Funding and External Aid: The LTTE
Page 277 and 278: espectively, which caused no injuri
Page 279 and 280: Al-Zawahiri claimed responsibility
Page 281 and 282: Funding and External Aid: AQAP’s
Page 283 and 284: Activities: Since 2007, when AQIM b
Page 285 and 286: Over the years, the FARC has perpet
Page 287 and 288: a small arms attack on a Turkish po
Page 289 and 290: There were frequent reports of al-S
Page 291 and 292: Throughout 2011, TTP carried out at
Page 293 and 294: (B) the extent to which the governm
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Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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