Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

Location/Area of Operation: The PKK operate primarily in Turkey, Iraq, and Europe.
Funding and External Aid: The PKK receives financial support from the large Kurdish
diaspora in Europe and from criminal activity.
LASHKAR E-TAYYIBA
aka al Mansooreen; Al Mansoorian; Army of the Pure; Army of the Pure and Righteous; Army
of the Righteous; Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba; Paasban-e-Ahle-Hadis; Paasban-e-Kashmir;
Paasban-i-Ahle-Hadith; Pasban-e-Ahle-Hadith; Pasban-e-Kashmir; Jamaat-ud-Dawa, JUD;
Jama’at al-Dawa; Jamaat ud-Daawa; Jamaat ul-Dawah; Jamaat-ul-Dawa; Jama’at-i-Dawat;
Jamaiat-ud-Dawa; Jama’at-ud-Da’awah; Jama’at-ud-Da’awa; Jamaati-ud-Dawa; Idara Khidmate-Khalq;
Falah-i-Insaniat Foundation; FiF; Falah-e-Insaniat Foundation; Falah-e-Insaniyat;
Falah-i-Insaniyat; Falah Insania; Welfare of Humanity; Humanitarian Welfare Foundation;
Human Welfare Foundation
Description: Designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) on December 26, 2001,
Lashkar e-Tayyiba (LeT) is one of the largest and most proficient of the traditionally anti-Indiafocused
militant groups. It has the ability to severely disrupt already delicate regional relations.
LeT formed in the late 1980s as the militant wing of the Islamic extremist organization, Markaz
Dawa ul-Irshad, a Pakistan-based Islamic fundamentalist mission organization and charity
founded to oppose the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. Led by Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, LeT is
not connected to any political party. Shortly after LeT was designated as an FTO, Saeed changed
the name to Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JUD) and began humanitarian projects to avoid restrictions. LeT
disseminates its message through JUD’s media outlets. Elements of LeT and Jaish-e-Muhammad
(JEM) combined with other groups to mount attacks as “The Save Kashmir Movement.” The
Pakistani government banned LeT in January 2002, and JUD in 2008, following the Mumbai
attack. LeT and Saeed continue to spread terrorist ideology, as well as virulent rhetoric
condemning the United States, India, Israel, and other perceived enemies.
Activities: LeT has conducted a number of operations against Indian troops and civilian targets
in Jammu and Kashmir since 1993; several high profile attacks inside India; and operations
against Coalition Forces in Afghanistan. The group uses assault rifles, machine guns, mortars,
explosives, and rocket-propelled grenades.
Indian governmental officials hold LeT responsible for the July 2006 train attack in Mumbai and
for multiple attacks in 2005 and 2006. LeT conducted the November 2008 attacks in Mumbai
against luxury hotels, a Jewish center, a train station, and a popular café that killed
approximately 170 people, including six American citizens, and injured more than 300. India has
charged 38 people in the case, including the alleged attacker, Mohammad Ajmal Amir Kasab,
who was captured at the scene and later executed for his involvement in the massacre. Most of
those charged are at large and thought to be in Pakistan.
In March 2010, Pakistani-American businessman David Headley pleaded guilty in a U.S. court
to crimes relating to his role in the November 2008 LeT attacks in Mumbai as well as to crimes
relating to a separate plot to bomb the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. In May 2011, Headley
was a witness in the trial of Tahawwur Rana, who was charged with providing material support
to LeT. Rana was convicted for providing material support to LeT in June 2011.
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