Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

death of numerous Pakistani security forces in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. In
December in Paris, nine Europeans were convicted for sending tens of thousands of euros to the
IMU.
Strength: 200-300 members
Location/Area of Operation: IMU militants are located in South Asia, Central Asia, and Iran.
Funding and External Aid: The IMU receives support from a large Uzbek diaspora, terrorist
organizations, and donors from Europe, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East.
JAISH-E-MOHAMMED
aka the Army of Mohammed; Mohammed’s Army; Tehrik ul-Furqaan; Khuddam-ul-Islam;
Khudamul Islam; Kuddam e Islami; Jaish-i-Mohammed
Description: Designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on December 26, 2001, Jaish-e-
Mohammed (JEM) is based in Pakistan. JEM was founded in early 2000 by Masood Azhar, a
former senior leader of Harakat ul-Ansar, upon his release from prison in India in exchange for
155 hijacked Indian Airlines hostages. The group’s aim is to annex Indian Kashmir and expel
Coalition Forces from Afghanistan, and it has openly declared war against the United States.
Pakistan outlawed JEM in 2002. By 2003, JEM had splintered into Khuddam-ul-Islam (KUI),
headed by Azhar, and Jamaat ul-Furqan (JUF), led by Abdul Jabbar, who was released from
Pakistani custody in August 2004. Pakistan banned KUI and JUF in November 2003.
Activities: JEM continued to operate openly in parts of Pakistan despite the 2002 ban on its
activities. Since Masood Azhar’s 1999 release from Indian custody, JEM has conducted many
fatal terrorist attacks in the region. JEM claimed responsibility for several suicide car bombings
in Kashmir, including an October 2001 suicide attack on the Jammu and Kashmir legislative
assembly building in Srinagar that killed more than 30 people. The Indian government has
publicly implicated JEM, along with Lashkar e-Tayyiba, for the December 2001 attack on the
Indian Parliament that killed nine and injured 18. In 2002, Pakistani authorities arrested and
convicted a JEM member for the abduction and murder of U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl. Pakistani
authorities suspect that JEM members may have been involved in the 2002 anti-Christian attacks
in Islamabad, Murree, and Taxila that killed two Americans. In December 2003, Pakistan
implicated JEM members in the two assassination attempts against President Musharraf. In 2006,
JEM claimed responsibility for a number of attacks, including the killing of several Indian police
officials in the Indian-administered Kashmir capital of Srinagar. Indian police and JEM members
continued to engage in firefights throughout 2008 and 2009. In March 2011, Indian security
forces killed chief JEM commander Sajad Afghani and his bodyguard in Sirnagar, Kashmir.
Strength: JEM has at least several hundred armed supporters – including a large cadre of former
Harakat ul-Mujahideen members – located in Pakistan, India’s southern Kashmir and Doda
regions, and in the Kashmir Valley. In 2012, JEM continued its fundraising and recruitment
activities in Pakistan.
Location/Area of Operation: Kashmir in India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, particularly
southern Punjab.
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