Country Reports on Terrorism 2012
Country Reports on Terrorism 2012 Country Reports on Terrorism 2012
of the world’s Muslim population. The networks provided a unique, local perspective of breaking news, current events, and topics that are not readily found in domestic media, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the role of women in society and politics. In 2012, MBN focused its coverage on the building of democratic principles throughout the region. Leading up to presidential elections in Egypt, Alhurra joined with Cairo’s top rated Al Hayat TV-2 to co-produce and simultaneous broadcast a series of high-profile interviews of Egyptian presidential candidates. The network’s coverage continued through the transfer of power from the military to the newly elected president and through the demonstrations and debates over the national referendum regarding the adoption of a new constitution. Alhurra’s local news coverage was supplemented by in-depth analysis and panel discussions regarding controversial sections of the proposed constitution including the powers of the president, the role of the judiciary, and the army. Alhurra’s flagship talk show Free Hour aired live from Cairo in the week leading up to the vote, and the weekly talk show Hiwar Cairo expanded to two hours. In Libya, Alhurra and Radio Sawa continued to cover the transition to democracy though its newscasts, special event programming, and as a special topic on current affairs programs. Topics included the security situation in Libya and the debate over federalism and the formation of the national army. Radio Sawa’s coverage was bolstered by the installation of FM transmitters in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misratah, the country’s three largest cities. Also in 2012, MBN re-launched its Alhurra and Radio Sawa websites, featuring a cleaner and more user-friendly experience. The sites promoted greater audience interaction by allowing readers to easily post comments on stories and share reports. Through its reinvigorated digital presence and integration with on-air promotion, Alhurra’s Facebook followers have grown to more than 830,000 and Radio Sawa to more than 775,000. Radio Sawa’s network of stations, broadcasting 24/7, is designed to reach the Arabic-speaking population under the age of 35. It broadcast 325 newscasts per week about the Middle East, the United States, and the world. According to international research firms such as ACNielsen, Radio Sawa had a weekly reach of 13.4 million people in countries where its audience has been measured. Radio Sawa broadcast on FM in: Morocco (Rabat, Casablanca, Tangier, Meknes, Marrakesh, Agadir, and Fes) Jordan (Amman and Ajlun – also extending SAWA’s reach into southern Syria) West Bank and Gaza (Jenin and Ramallah) Kuwait (Kuwait City) Bahrain (Manama) Libya (Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misratah) Qatar (Doha) United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi and Dubai) Iraq (Baghdad, Nasiriya, Basra, Mosul, Kirkuk, Sulimaniya, Fallujah, Ramadi, Al-Hilla, Tikrit, Amara, Najaf, Samawa, and Erbil) Lebanon (Beirut, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa Valley) Djibouti 228
Radio Sawa also broadcast on medium wave to Egypt, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan; and was available on the Arabsat, Nilesat, and Eutelsat satellite systems. Iraq. Every week, 67 percent of Iraqi adults – some 12.4 million people – listened to or watched one of the four BBG broadcasters serving the country: Alhurra TV, Radio Sawa, RFE/RL’s Radio Free Iraq, and VOA Kurdish. Alhurra reached 49 percent of the Iraqi population weekly and Radio Sawa remained the number one radio station among adults. Radio Free Iraq, with 16 percent weekly reach on radio and the internet, was among the top five radio stations for news. VOA Kurdish reached 7.1 percent of Kurdish-speaking Iraqis weekly. Radio Free Iraq connected with its audience through in-depth reporting on political developments, religious tolerance, Iraqi music and literary traditions, women, youth, and sports. While radio was Radio Free Iraq’s primary platform, iraqhurr.org gained online users. The Service also had a mobile version of its website and was active on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Radio Free Iraq’s SMS service increased public interactivity. Listeners’ feedback sent in via SMS, as well as via voice mail service, was used to enrich radio programming. Kurdish. VOA’s Kurdish Service has been the only international broadcaster to Iraq’s Kurds in their main dialects, Sorani and Kurmanji. Although the primary target audience was the Iraqi Kurd population, the Service expanded its coverage to reach Kurds in Turkey, Syria, and Iran. The Service broadcast three hours of radio programming seven days a week via short wave and FM transmitters in the cities of Sulaimania, Kirkuk, Mosul, Erbil, and Baghdad. Postings on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter increased the number of visitors to the service’s Sorani and Kurmanji sites. VOA Kurdish expanded its audience by introducing one of its daily radio shows via satellite TV. A 2012 survey indicated an audience increase in the weekly listening rate to over eight percent of Kurdish adults in Iraq. Iran. Although the Government of Iran worked to jam satellite television signals, audience numbers in Iran increased in 2012. New Gallup data showed that VOA Persian’s TV weekly audience grew to 21.4 percent, up from 6.5 percent in 2011. The return of the VOA signal to the popular Hotbird satellite is believed a key factor. With the addition of radio and the internet, VOA’s total audience reach in Iran is estimated at 22.1 percent. Under the leadership of a new management team, the Persian Service expanded its prime time programming to six hours daily, and revised its lineup to include several new shows that highlight life in the United States and allow greater audience participation. The Persian Service also produced a two-hour star-studded concert, recorded live, in celebration of Nowruz (the Persian New Year). VOA Persian provided audiences with unrivalled coverage of major U.S. events, including the State of the Union address and the 2012 elections. RFE/RL’s Radio Farda broadcast newscasts at the top of each hour, followed by reports, features, interviews, and regular segments on youth, women, culture, economics, and politics. Radio Farda regularly debunked false claims by Iranian state media. In early 2012, when state television falsely claimed that the EU had ignored a request by Tehran for preparatory talks ahead of a key nuclear negotiation, Radio Farda landed an exclusive interview with an EU spokesperson, who told listeners that the EU had already responded to Iran’s request. Radio Farda’s report quickly gained traction on social media and the internet, forcing state-run media to correct its earlier story. 229
- Page 177 and 178: took place in Switzerland. Argentin
- Page 179 and 180: Overview: Canada is an indispensabl
- Page 181 and 182: Canada has a rigorous detection and
- Page 183 and 184: On April 27, in a complex attack in
- Page 185 and 186: expert to Peru to provide instructi
- Page 187 and 188: Executive Decree 448 of December 28
- Page 189 and 190: Department. Estimates of membership
- Page 191 and 192: Peruvian population in border areas
- Page 193 and 194: ut instead choose to rejoin SL upon
- Page 195 and 196: Chapter 3. State Sponsors of Terror
- Page 197 and 198: of millions of dollars in support o
- Page 199 and 200: In June 2010, four Sudanese men sen
- Page 201 and 202: Chapter 4. The Global Challenge of
- Page 203 and 204: provided equipment and training to
- Page 205 and 206: Chapter 5 Terrorist Safe Havens (Up
- Page 207 and 208: Iraq. In 2012, the Government of Ir
- Page 209 and 210: Yemen’s political instability mak
- Page 211 and 212: existing designations. The Departme
- Page 213 and 214: MULTILATERAL EFFORTS TO COUNTER TER
- Page 215 and 216: information on remaining listings h
- Page 217 and 218: system against money laundering and
- Page 219 and 220: possible AU-originated designations
- Page 221 and 222: in Africa, the Middle East, and Sou
- Page 223 and 224: SUPPORT TO PAKISTAN The United Stat
- Page 225 and 226: Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, De
- Page 227: participate in future elections (ex
- Page 231 and 232: observations, suggestions, and ques
- Page 233 and 234: pages with RFA news content. RFA al
- Page 235 and 236: Religion Magazine programs have bee
- Page 237 and 238: and training model to improve stude
- Page 239 and 240: Morocco. USAID’s Improving Traini
- Page 241 and 242: tool to more than 433 teachers thro
- Page 243 and 244: programs. As an integral part of im
- Page 245 and 246: Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Banglades
- Page 247 and 248: Funding and External Aid: The ANO
- Page 249 and 250: Kurdistan. On May 4, 2010, Abu Abdu
- Page 251 and 252: Activities: In March 1995, AUM memb
- Page 253 and 254: warfare. Jose Maria Sison, the Chai
- Page 255 and 256: cease-fire, along with post-Septemb
- Page 257 and 258: Embassy and ISAF headquarters in Ka
- Page 259 and 260: HARAKAT UL-MUJAHIDEEN aka HUM; Hara
- Page 261 and 262: eplaced his cousin, Imad Mugniyeh,
- Page 263 and 264: Activities: The IJU primarily opera
- Page 265 and 266: Funding and External Aid: To avoid
- Page 267 and 268: JUNDALLAH aka People’s Resistance
- Page 269 and 270: Strength: Membership is estimated a
- Page 271 and 272: In 2011, LeT was responsible for mu
- Page 273 and 274: Funding and External Aid: The LTTE
- Page 275 and 276: Location/Area of Operation: Mostly
- Page 277 and 278: espectively, which caused no injuri
of the world’s Muslim populati<strong>on</strong>. The networks provided a unique, local perspective of<br />
breaking news, current events, and topics that are not readily found in domestic media, such as<br />
freedom of speech, religi<strong>on</strong>, and the role of women in society and politics. In <strong>2012</strong>, MBN<br />
focused its coverage <strong>on</strong> the building of democratic principles throughout the regi<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Leading up to presidential electi<strong>on</strong>s in Egypt, Alhurra joined with Cairo’s top rated Al Hayat<br />
TV-2 to co-produce and simultaneous broadcast a series of high-profile interviews of Egyptian<br />
presidential candidates. The network’s coverage c<strong>on</strong>tinued through the transfer of power from<br />
the military to the newly elected president and through the dem<strong>on</strong>strati<strong>on</strong>s and debates over the<br />
nati<strong>on</strong>al referendum regarding the adopti<strong>on</strong> of a new c<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>. Alhurra’s local news coverage<br />
was supplemented by in-depth analysis and panel discussi<strong>on</strong>s regarding c<strong>on</strong>troversial secti<strong>on</strong>s of<br />
the proposed c<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> including the powers of the president, the role of the judiciary, and the<br />
army. Alhurra’s flagship talk show Free Hour aired live from Cairo in the week leading up to the<br />
vote, and the weekly talk show Hiwar Cairo expanded to two hours.<br />
In Libya, Alhurra and Radio Sawa c<strong>on</strong>tinued to cover the transiti<strong>on</strong> to democracy though its<br />
newscasts, special event programming, and as a special topic <strong>on</strong> current affairs programs. Topics<br />
included the security situati<strong>on</strong> in Libya and the debate over federalism and the formati<strong>on</strong> of the<br />
nati<strong>on</strong>al army. Radio Sawa’s coverage was bolstered by the installati<strong>on</strong> of FM transmitters in<br />
Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misratah, the country’s three largest cities.<br />
Also in <strong>2012</strong>, MBN re-launched its Alhurra and Radio Sawa websites, featuring a cleaner and<br />
more user-friendly experience. The sites promoted greater audience interacti<strong>on</strong> by allowing<br />
readers to easily post comments <strong>on</strong> stories and share reports. Through its reinvigorated digital<br />
presence and integrati<strong>on</strong> with <strong>on</strong>-air promoti<strong>on</strong>, Alhurra’s Facebook followers have grown to<br />
more than 830,000 and Radio Sawa to more than 775,000.<br />
Radio Sawa’s network of stati<strong>on</strong>s, broadcasting 24/7, is designed to reach the Arabic-speaking<br />
populati<strong>on</strong> under the age of 35. It broadcast 325 newscasts per week about the Middle East, the<br />
United States, and the world. According to internati<strong>on</strong>al research firms such as ACNielsen,<br />
Radio Sawa had a weekly reach of 13.4 milli<strong>on</strong> people in countries where its audience has been<br />
measured.<br />
Radio Sawa broadcast <strong>on</strong> FM in:<br />
Morocco (Rabat, Casablanca, Tangier, Meknes, Marrakesh, Agadir, and Fes)<br />
Jordan (Amman and Ajlun – also extending SAWA’s reach into southern Syria)<br />
West Bank and Gaza (Jenin and Ramallah)<br />
Kuwait (Kuwait City)<br />
Bahrain (Manama)<br />
Libya (Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misratah)<br />
Qatar (Doha)<br />
United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi and Dubai)<br />
Iraq (Baghdad, Nasiriya, Basra, Mosul, Kirkuk, Sulimaniya, Fallujah, Ramadi, Al-Hilla,<br />
Tikrit, Amara, Najaf, Samawa, and Erbil)<br />
Leban<strong>on</strong> (Beirut, North Leban<strong>on</strong>, South Leban<strong>on</strong>, and Bekaa Valley)<br />
Djibouti<br />
228