Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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fostering an APEC project proposal and facilitating engagement with the World Customs Organization. The United States also enhanced APEC achievements by bringing additional resources to bear such as by facilitating International Maritime Organization sponsorship and funding for U.S.-sponsored APEC maritime security initiatives. Organization of American States Inter-American Committee against Terrorism (OAS/CICTE). In 2012, the CICTE Secretariat conducted 155 activities, training courses, and technical assistance missions which benefited more than 9,946 participants in five thematic areas: border control; critical infrastructure protection; counterterrorism legislative assistance and terrorist financing; strengthening strategies on emerging terrorist threats (crisis management); and international cooperation and partnerships. The United States has been a major contributor to CICTE’s training programs and has directly provided funding and expert trainers for capacity building programs focused on maritime security, aviation security, travel document security and fraud prevention, cybersecurity, counterterrorism legislation, and efforts to counter terrorist financing. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS A matrix of the ratification status of 16 of the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism can be found here: https://www.unodc.org/tldb/universal_instruments_NEW.html LONG-TERM PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES DESIGNED TO COUNTER TERRORIST SAFE HAVENS COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM (CVE). CVE programming seeks to (1) provide positive alternatives to those most at-risk of radicalization and recruitment into violent extremism; (2) counter violent extremist narratives and messaging; and (3) increase international partner capacity (civil society and government) to address the drivers of radicalization. CVE activities put particular emphasis on building capacity at the local level. The President and the Secretary of State established the Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications (CSCC) in 2010 to lead an interagency effort to coordinate, orient, and inform government-wide foreign communications activities targeted against terrorism and violent extremism, particularly al-Qa’ida (AQ) and its affiliates and adherents. CSCC, based at the Department of State, collaborates with U.S. embassies and consulates, interagency partners, and outside experts to counter terrorist narratives and misinformation and directly supports U.S. government communicators at our U.S. embassies overseas. CSCC’s programs draw on a full range of intelligence information and analysis for context and feedback. CSCC counters terrorist propaganda in the social media environment on a daily basis, contesting space where AQ and its supporters formerly had free reign. CSCC communications have provoked defensive responses from extremists on many of the most popular extremist websites and forums as well as on social media. In 2012, CSCC produced over 6,000 postings, 64 videos, and 65 graphics, and data suggests its videos have been viewed over 2.1 million times. Informed by its strong relationships with partners in the intelligence community, CSCC also engages in a variety of projects directly supporting U.S. government communicators working with overseas audiences in critical regions 220
in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, as well as amplifying the voices of survivors and victims of terrorism through a Resilient Communities Grants program. In general, CVE programming more closely resembles programs for curtailing recruitment into militias or gangs than traditional public diplomacy or development programming. It requires knowledge of where youth are most susceptible to radicalization and why that is so. We ensure that our areas of focus align with the areas of greatest risk by working with foreign partners and other U.S. government agencies to identify hotspots of radicalization and to design programming. Key areas of programming include: Community Engagement. Through small grants to U.S. embassies and consulates, the Department of State implemented projects that focused on activities that link at-risk youth with responsible influencers and leaders in their communities. These activities include youth sports leagues, leadership development, and problem-solving and conflictresolution skills. Grants have also supported the establishment of youth support groups for youth in prisons, and amplifying narratives from victims of terrorism and former terrorists that portray the negative effects of violent extremism. Programming supported community and law enforcement leadership linkages to identify and eliminate problems within the community. Credible influencers – both local leaders and government actors – provided educational, technological, and community development training to help develop communities that are resistant to violent messaging, thus empowering participants to strengthen the social fabric of their countries. Engaging Women. CVE programming places particular emphasis on engaging women; women are uniquely positioned to counter radicalization both at home and in their communities and are therefore a vital component of our efforts. We continued to support the networking of CVE women activists. Lastly, we sought to amplify the voices of victims of terrorism who can credibly articulate the destructive consequences of terrorism, and can thus help to dissuade those contemplating such acts. Prison Disengagement. We have worked to identify and address key nodes of potential radicalization. One priority area for us has been prisons. Many incarcerated terrorists will eventually be released, and we have been working to take steps to decrease the likelihood that they will return to violence after they are released. There are also real concerns about potential radicalization inside prisons; effective prison management and good correctional practices can help reduce these risks. To deal with this challenge, we worked with the UN’s Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the International Center for Counterterrorism (ICCT), a Dutch NGO, to develop an international initiative on prison rehabilitation and disengagement. More than 35 countries, multilateral organizations, and leading independent experts have participated in this initiative, which provided policymakers, practitioners, and experts a chance to compare notes and develop good practices in this critically important area. These good practices were codified and approved in the GCTF’s July 2012 Rome Memorandum. In addition, we continued to be engaged in the following broader U.S. government and multilateral CVE initiative: 221
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Country Re
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Chapter 5. Terrorist Safe Havens (U
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Chapter 1. Strategic Assessment The
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While terrorism from non-state acto
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training courses in Algeria and Mor
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Countering Radicalization and Viole
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Legislation, Law Enforcement, and B
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emained an active security threat t
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youth in positive activities. In ad
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kenya
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(CEMOC), based in Tamanrasset, Alge
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On September 24, Arab Maghreb Union
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widespread destruction of property
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While Nigeria regularly froze the a
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DRC to encourage the FDLR and other
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On April 4, a bombing of the nation
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etween some South Africa government
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Emrah Erdogan, in Dar es Salaam sug
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(DRC); and one defunct Ugandan rebe
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enforcement officers attended U.S.-
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February, the Supreme Court rejecte
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1980s. Despite two rounds of DPRK-J
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cooperated closely with the interna
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curfews and limits on their travel
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Republic Act No. 10167, which amend
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and was awaiting extradition to Tha
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countries signed or ratified agreem
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the confiscation of assault rifles,
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On June 25, six members of the so-c
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possession of weapons. They were se
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agreements; and lacked the legal an
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Prevention constitutes a key elemen
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powers to security services for the
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attempted murder of a U.S. consul i
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2012 Terrorist Incidents: The year
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of South America against Money Laun
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DHS/ICE provided training to Hellen
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On January 24, an individual was se
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On March 27, Venice prosecutors ord
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In December, the Supreme Court of K
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United States admissible, which was
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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For further information on money la
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According to the Prosecutor's Offic
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Additional information on arrests o
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Swedish citizen Paul Mardirossian,
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On May 25, a policeman was killed a
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Regional and International Cooperat
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separate addresses in Luton under t
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nascent security institutions, allo
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On March 3, a vehicle-borne IED was
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effects of fanaticism, and ways to
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equired actions. There are no speci
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cooperation between investigators,
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On November 21, a bomb exploded in
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states with counterterrorism effort
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The PASF detained terrorists in the
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The State Security Court (SSC) is J
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kuwai
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On October 3, an explosion at a Hiz
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Overview: In 2012, Libya was marked
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intensify cooperation with their ne
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In December, authorities dismantled
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territorial waters. In addition, th
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Saudi security forces in Jizan prov
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Overview: Tunisian security forces
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the presidential amnesty granted af
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Tunisia. Tunisian authorities inten
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In March, ICE and CBP provided BCS
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comprehensive and does not include
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There were a number of arrests of t
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AFGHANISTAN Overview: Though the pr
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established by President Karzai in
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In December, the Indian government
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government infrastructure or armed
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KYRGYZSTAN Overview: 2012 was a yea
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Maldi
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Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), which cont
Page 169 and 170: Pakistan did not conclude the trial
Page 171 and 172: organizational remnants have contin
Page 173 and 174: Annual Report to Congress on Intern
Page 175 and 176: that address terrorism, including t
Page 177 and 178: took place in Switzerland. Argentin
Page 179 and 180: Overview: Canada is an indispensabl
Page 181 and 182: Canada has a rigorous detection and
Page 183 and 184: On April 27, in a complex attack in
Page 185 and 186: expert to Peru to provide instructi
Page 187 and 188: Executive Decree 448 of December 28
Page 189 and 190: Department. Estimates of membership
Page 191 and 192: Peruvian population in border areas
Page 193 and 194: ut instead choose to rejoin SL upon
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Page 197 and 198: of millions of dollars in support o
Page 199 and 200: In June 2010, four Sudanese men sen
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 4. The Global Challenge of
Page 203 and 204: provided equipment and training to
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 5 Terrorist Safe Havens (Up
Page 207 and 208: Iraq. In 2012, the Government of Ir
Page 209 and 210: Yemen’s political instability mak
Page 211 and 212: existing designations. The Departme
Page 213 and 214: MULTILATERAL EFFORTS TO COUNTER TER
Page 215 and 216: information on remaining listings h
Page 217 and 218: system against money laundering and
Page 219: possible AU-originated designations
Page 223 and 224: SUPPORT TO PAKISTAN The United Stat
Page 225 and 226: Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, De
Page 227 and 228: participate in future elections (ex
Page 229 and 230: Radio Sawa also broadcast on medium
Page 231 and 232: observations, suggestions, and ques
Page 233 and 234: pages with RFA news content. RFA al
Page 235 and 236: Religion Magazine programs have bee
Page 237 and 238: and training model to improve stude
Page 239 and 240: Morocco. USAID’s Improving Traini
Page 241 and 242: tool to more than 433 teachers thro
Page 243 and 244: programs. As an integral part of im
Page 245 and 246: Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Banglades
Page 247 and 248: Funding and External Aid: The ANO
Page 249 and 250: Kurdistan. On May 4, 2010, Abu Abdu
Page 251 and 252: Activities: In March 1995, AUM memb
Page 253 and 254: warfare. Jose Maria Sison, the Chai
Page 255 and 256: cease-fire, along with post-Septemb
Page 257 and 258: Embassy and ISAF headquarters in Ka
Page 259 and 260: HARAKAT UL-MUJAHIDEEN aka HUM; Hara
Page 261 and 262: eplaced his cousin, Imad Mugniyeh,
Page 263 and 264: Activities: The IJU primarily opera
Page 265 and 266: Funding and External Aid: To avoid
Page 267 and 268: JUNDALLAH aka People’s Resistance
Page 269 and 270: Strength: Membership is estimated a
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In 2011, LeT was responsible for mu
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Funding and External Aid: The LTTE
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Location/Area of Operation: Mostly
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espectively, which caused no injuri
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Al-Zawahiri claimed responsibility
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Funding and External Aid: AQAP’s
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Activities: Since 2007, when AQIM b
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Over the years, the FARC has perpet
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a small arms attack on a Turkish po
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There were frequent reports of al-S
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Throughout 2011, TTP carried out at
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(B) the extent to which the governm
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