Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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Biological Weapons Convention Inter-Sessional Work Program: A work program was developed at the December 2011 Five-Year Review Conference to restructure work for the next five years to include: Standing agenda items on strengthening national implementation measures, which are critical to nonproliferation, promoting public health, and combating bioterrorism; Identifying and responding to relevant developments in science and technology and steps to guard against the misuse of science; and Promoting greater cooperation and assistance, particularly in countering and responding to outbreaks of infectious disease. 204
Chapter 5 Terrorist Safe Havens (Update to 7120 Report) Terrorist safe havens described in this report include ungoverned, under-governed, or illgoverned physical areas where terrorists are able to organize, plan, raise funds, communicate, recruit, train, transit, and operate in relative security because of inadequate governance capacity, political will, or both. AFRICA TERRORIST SAFE HAVENS Somalia. In 2012, many areas of Somalia remained a safe haven for terrorists, although fewer areas than in 2011. The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and its successor, the Federal Government of Somalia, with the assistance of the AU Mission in Somalia, AU member states, and allied Somali militia forces, secured areas neighboring Mogadishu and drove al-Shabaab out of many of its strongholds in south-central Somalia. Most notably, the forces gained control of the port city of Kismayo on September 28. Al-Shabaab continued to control large sections of rural areas in the middle and lower Jubba regions, however, as well as the Bay and Bakol regions. Al-Shabaab also augmented its presence in northern Somalia along the Golis Mountains and within Puntland’s larger urban areas. Additionally, Somalia’s long unguarded coastline, porous borders, and proximity to the Arabian Peninsula allowed foreign fighters and al-Shabaab members to transit around the region without detection. Areas under al-Shabaab control provided a permissive environment for al-Shabaab and al-Qa’ida operatives to conduct training and terrorist planning with other sympathetic violent extremists, including foreign fighters. The capability of the TFG through August, the Government of Somalia from September on, and other Somali local and regional authorities to prevent and preempt al-Shabaab terrorist attacks remained limited. The TFG and its successor, the Federal Government of Somalia, cooperated with U.S. counterterrorism efforts. According to independent sources and NGOs engaged in demining activities on the ground, there was little cause for concern for the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Somalia. The Trans-Sahara. The primary terrorist threat in this region was al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Though its leadership remained primarily based in northeastern Algeria, AQIM factions also operated from a safe haven in northern Mali, from which it launched kidnap for ransom operations, collected arms in the wake of the Libyan Revolution from that country, and attempted to expand its safe haven but was pushed back by Algeria, Mauritania, and Niger. Mali. In 2012, the Tuareg Rebellion, aided by returning mercenary fighters and arms proliferation stemming from the Libyan Revolution, was followed by the arrival of violent extremist and terrorist groups such as al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), in northern Mali. The rebel groups, aided by violent extremists in some cases, took advantage of the political chaos in Bamako 205
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Country Re
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Chapter 5. Terrorist Safe Havens (U
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Chapter 1. Strategic Assessment The
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While terrorism from non-state acto
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training courses in Algeria and Mor
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Countering Radicalization and Viole
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Legislation, Law Enforcement, and B
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emained an active security threat t
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youth in positive activities. In ad
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kenya
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(CEMOC), based in Tamanrasset, Alge
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On September 24, Arab Maghreb Union
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widespread destruction of property
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While Nigeria regularly froze the a
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DRC to encourage the FDLR and other
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On April 4, a bombing of the nation
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etween some South Africa government
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Emrah Erdogan, in Dar es Salaam sug
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(DRC); and one defunct Ugandan rebe
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enforcement officers attended U.S.-
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February, the Supreme Court rejecte
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1980s. Despite two rounds of DPRK-J
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cooperated closely with the interna
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curfews and limits on their travel
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Republic Act No. 10167, which amend
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and was awaiting extradition to Tha
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countries signed or ratified agreem
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the confiscation of assault rifles,
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On June 25, six members of the so-c
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possession of weapons. They were se
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agreements; and lacked the legal an
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Prevention constitutes a key elemen
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powers to security services for the
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attempted murder of a U.S. consul i
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2012 Terrorist Incidents: The year
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of South America against Money Laun
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DHS/ICE provided training to Hellen
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On January 24, an individual was se
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On March 27, Venice prosecutors ord
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In December, the Supreme Court of K
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United States admissible, which was
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Federal Bureau of Investigation (FB
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For further information on money la
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According to the Prosecutor's Offic
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Additional information on arrests o
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Swedish citizen Paul Mardirossian,
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On May 25, a policeman was killed a
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Regional and International Cooperat
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separate addresses in Luton under t
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nascent security institutions, allo
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On March 3, a vehicle-borne IED was
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effects of fanaticism, and ways to
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equired actions. There are no speci
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cooperation between investigators,
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On November 21, a bomb exploded in
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states with counterterrorism effort
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The PASF detained terrorists in the
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The State Security Court (SSC) is J
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Countering Terrorist Finance: Kuwai
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On October 3, an explosion at a Hiz
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Overview: In 2012, Libya was marked
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intensify cooperation with their ne
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In December, authorities dismantled
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territorial waters. In addition, th
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Saudi security forces in Jizan prov
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Overview: Tunisian security forces
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the presidential amnesty granted af
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Tunisia. Tunisian authorities inten
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In March, ICE and CBP provided BCS
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comprehensive and does not include
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There were a number of arrests of t
Page 153 and 154: AFGHANISTAN Overview: Though the pr
Page 155 and 156: Legislation, Law Enforcement, and B
Page 157 and 158: established by President Karzai in
Page 159 and 160: In December, the Indian government
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Page 163 and 164: KYRGYZSTAN Overview: 2012 was a yea
Page 165 and 166: Countering Terrorist Finance: Maldi
Page 167 and 168: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), which cont
Page 169 and 170: Pakistan did not conclude the trial
Page 171 and 172: organizational remnants have contin
Page 173 and 174: Annual Report to Congress on Intern
Page 175 and 176: that address terrorism, including t
Page 177 and 178: took place in Switzerland. Argentin
Page 179 and 180: Overview: Canada is an indispensabl
Page 181 and 182: Canada has a rigorous detection and
Page 183 and 184: On April 27, in a complex attack in
Page 185 and 186: expert to Peru to provide instructi
Page 187 and 188: Executive Decree 448 of December 28
Page 189 and 190: Department. Estimates of membership
Page 191 and 192: Peruvian population in border areas
Page 193 and 194: ut instead choose to rejoin SL upon
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 3. State Sponsors of Terror
Page 197 and 198: of millions of dollars in support o
Page 199 and 200: In June 2010, four Sudanese men sen
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 4. The Global Challenge of
Page 203: provided equipment and training to
Page 207 and 208: Iraq. In 2012, the Government of Ir
Page 209 and 210: Yemen’s political instability mak
Page 211 and 212: existing designations. The Departme
Page 213 and 214: MULTILATERAL EFFORTS TO COUNTER TER
Page 215 and 216: information on remaining listings h
Page 217 and 218: system against money laundering and
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Page 221 and 222: in Africa, the Middle East, and Sou
Page 223 and 224: SUPPORT TO PAKISTAN The United Stat
Page 225 and 226: Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, De
Page 227 and 228: participate in future elections (ex
Page 229 and 230: Radio Sawa also broadcast on medium
Page 231 and 232: observations, suggestions, and ques
Page 233 and 234: pages with RFA news content. RFA al
Page 235 and 236: Religion Magazine programs have bee
Page 237 and 238: and training model to improve stude
Page 239 and 240: Morocco. USAID’s Improving Traini
Page 241 and 242: tool to more than 433 teachers thro
Page 243 and 244: programs. As an integral part of im
Page 245 and 246: Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Banglades
Page 247 and 248: Funding and External Aid: The ANO
Page 249 and 250: Kurdistan. On May 4, 2010, Abu Abdu
Page 251 and 252: Activities: In March 1995, AUM memb
Page 253 and 254: warfare. Jose Maria Sison, the Chai
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cease-fire, along with post-Septemb
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Embassy and ISAF headquarters in Ka
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HARAKAT UL-MUJAHIDEEN aka HUM; Hara
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eplaced his cousin, Imad Mugniyeh,
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Activities: The IJU primarily opera
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Funding and External Aid: To avoid
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JUNDALLAH aka People’s Resistance
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Strength: Membership is estimated a
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In 2011, LeT was responsible for mu
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Funding and External Aid: The LTTE
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Location/Area of Operation: Mostly
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espectively, which caused no injuri
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Al-Zawahiri claimed responsibility
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Funding and External Aid: AQAP’s
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Activities: Since 2007, when AQIM b
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Over the years, the FARC has perpet
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a small arms attack on a Turkish po
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There were frequent reports of al-S
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Throughout 2011, TTP carried out at
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(B) the extent to which the governm
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Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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