Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

Japan hosted an air interdiction exercise, Pacific Shield 2012, in Hokkaido.
The Republic of Korea hosted a Global Operational Experts Group meeting in Seoul.
The Republic of Korea hosted a maritime interdiction exercise, Eastern Endeavor 2012,
in Seoul.
U.S. European Command co-hosted an Eastern European Interdiction Workshop with
Moldova in Chisinau.
The Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT): The GICNT, which is cochaired
by the United States and Russia, is an international partnership of 85 nations and four
official observers dedicated to strengthening individual and collective capacity to prevent, detect,
and respond to a nuclear terrorist event. Partners engage in multilateral activities and exercises
designed to share best practices and lessons learned on a wide range of nuclear security and
terrorism issues. To date, partners have conducted over 50 multilateral activities, and seven
senior-level meetings, in support of these nuclear security goals. In 2012, there were seven
activities to promote the sharing of best practices on the topics of nuclear forensics, nuclear
detection, and emergency preparedness and response.
Nuclear Trafficking Response Group (NTRG): The NTRG is an interagency group focused on
coordinating the U.S. government response to incidents of illicit trafficking in nuclear and
radioactive materials overseas, including radiation alarms. The NTRG works with foreign
governments, and the international facilities where diversions occurred, to secure smuggled
nuclear material, prosecute those involved, and develop information on smuggling-related threats
including potential links between smugglers and terrorists. The Department of State chairs the
NTRG, which includes representatives from the nonproliferation, law enforcement, and
intelligence communities.
Preventing Nuclear Smuggling Program (PNSP): Through the Preventing Nuclear Smuggling
Program (PNSP), the United States utilizes outreach and programmatic capabilities to partner
with key governments to broadly enhance capabilities to prevent, detect, and respond effectively
to nuclear smuggling attempts. The PNSP develops joint action plans with partner governments
to specify priority steps to be taken to improve capabilities. It has developed donor partnerships
to assist with joint action plan implementations, resulting in foreign contributions of more than
$64 million to anti-nuclear smuggling projects. To date, 14 countries have developed joint action
plans and PNSP has programmatically engaged 10 countries to enhance nuclear smuggling
response and nuclear forensics capabilities. PNSP also leads a U.S. effort aimed at developing
specialized counter-nuclear smuggling capabilities for foreign partners that integrate law
enforcement, intelligence, prosecution, and technical capabilities. All PNSP efforts advance the
objectives in the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit Work Plan and 2012 Communiqué.
Export Control and Related Border Security Program (EXBS): Through the EXBS Program,
the Department of State leads the interagency effort to strengthen export control systems to
improve national capabilities to detect, deter, interdict, investigate, and prosecute illicit transfers
of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), WMD-related items, and advanced conventional arms
in over 60 countries. EXBS delivered over 400 information sharing and training activities in
2012, promoting the adoption, implementation, and enforcement of comprehensive strategic
trade controls. These activities improve the capability of partner states to prevent transfers of
dual-use items to end-users for purposes of proliferation or terrorism. EXBS is also actively
involved in efforts to combat WMD smuggling through enhanced border security and has
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