GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government

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2-2. Classification of Physical Hazards based on physical, chemical states and chemical structure 2-2-0 Introduction While there are 16 classes of GHS physical hazards at present, items to be evaluated can be reduced depending on the state of a substance (Gas, Liquid, and Solid). Some items cover substances with particular chemical structures only. 2-2-1 Physicochemical definitions in GHS In GHS, the state of a substance is defined, in general, under the temperature of 20℃ and the atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. Although these conditions are determined as internationally common rules, some substances can not be dealt with under these conditions. For example, phenol (melting point, 43℃) and 1,6-diaminohexane (melting point, 42℃) are designated as solids according to their GHS definition, but they are normally transported and stored heated in the melted state. The primary reason is that liquids can be more easily weighed and removed from a container to another than solids, and another reason is that they have risk to liquidize and leak during transport under high temperature, when they are contained in a box or a bag for solids. 2-2-2 Gases Gases are defined as (i)substance whose vapor pressure exceeds 300 kPa (absolute)at 50℃ or (ii)substance which is completely gaseous at standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) at 20℃, according to Chapter 1.2 of the second revised version of UN GHS. If they are combustible when mixed with air, they satisfy the criteria for “ flammable gases” (2-3-2). When they contribute to combustion of other substances more than air does, they fall under “oxidizing gases” (2-3-4). Gases which are contained in a receptacle at pressure of 200 kPa (gauge pressure) or more for the purpose of supply, transport, storage, etc., or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated fall under “gases under pressure” (2-3-5). Gases under pressure do not have chemical hazards inherent to substances but have physical hazards entailed by the conditions of substances. When flammable gases are used as propellants, aerosols are to be considered for classification as “flammable aerosols” (2-3-3). Each aerosol product sample is tested individually because factors such as the structure of its nozzle affect combustibility/flammability. (When aerosols contain flammable liquids or flammable solids, their evaluation as “flammable aerosols” is required, even if inflammable gases are used as propellants.) 2-2-3 Liquids 18
“Liquids” are defined as substances whose vapor pressures are 300 kPa or less at 50℃ and that are not completely gaseous at standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) and at 20℃ and whose melting points or initial melting points are 20℃ or below at standard atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), according to 1.2 in the second revised edition of UN GHS. Highly viscous or pasty substances and mixtures, whose melting points cannot be determined, are tested according to ASTM D4359-90. or judged by the penetrometer test for specifying flowability defined by the section 2.3.4 in the Annex of the European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Liquid substances are assessed to determine if they fall under “flammable liquids” (2-3-6), “pyrophoric liquids” (2-3-9), “self-heating substances and mixtures” (2-3-11), or “corrosive to metals” (2-3-16). 2-2-4Solids Any substances or mixtures that do not meet the definitions of “liquids” or “gases” are defined as “solids”, according to 1.2 in the second revised edition of UN GHS. Solids can be in various forms: powder, granule, paste, mass, fiber, tablet, etc. The hazards of powdered substance, for instance, may vary depending on their particle size. Therefore, hazards that a substance has in its current form, instead of hazards inherent to the substance, should be assessed. Solid substances are assessed to determine if they fall under “flammable solids” (2-3-7), “pyrophoric solids” (2-3-10), “self-heating substances and mixtures” (2-3-11), and “corrosive to metals” (2-3-16). 2-2-5 Selection of assessment items according to chemical structure When liquids and solids contain specific chemical groups in their molecules, an assessment should be conducted that takes into account the presence of those groups. When they contain chemical groups related to explosibility (see 2-2-6), they shall be tested as “explosives” (2-3-1) and “self-reactive substances and mixtures” (2-3-8). When they contain chemical groups related to explosibility as well as those related to self-reactivity (see 2-2-7), they shall be tested as “self-reactive substances and mixtures” (2-3-8). If they contain metals or semimetals (Si, Ge, As, Sb, Bi, etc.) in their molecules, they should be tested as “substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases” (2-3-12). If they contain oxygen, fluorine, or chlorine and if any of these elements are bound to elements other than carbon and hydrogen, they should be tested as “oxidizing liquids” (2-3-13) and “oxidizing solids” (2-3-14). Organic compounds containing the –O–O– structure in their molecules, or mixtures containing such compounds, should be tested as “Organic Peroxides” (2-3-15). The following table summarizes the above. 19
Page 1: GHS Classification Guidance for the
Page 4 and 5: 2-3-12 Substances and mixtures whic
Page 6 and 7: Japanese judgments and consideratio
Page 8 and 9: (2) Points to remember when describ
Page 10 and 11: ① ② Information Gathering Class
Page 13 and 14: Part2. Physical Hazards Guidance 2-
Page 15 and 16: described in the next section is of
Page 17 and 18: Information in the book can be sear
Page 19 and 20: (8) International Chemical Safety C
Page 21: guidelines can be compared with GHS
Page 25 and 26: When a substance does not contain c
Page 27 and 28: Table 2-2 Filled examples of "Not a
Page 29 and 30: oxygen balance = -1600 [2x +(y/2) -
Page 31 and 32: GHS classification 8)Self-reactive
Page 33 and 34: The “Dangerous Goods Regulations,
Page 35 and 36: 4.2 4.3 5.1(I) 5.1(II) 5.1(III) 6.1
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-5 Filled examples of “Cla
Page 39 and 40: explosion hazard: (i) combustion of
Page 41 and 42: water, by mass (n)GUANYLNITROSAMINO
Page 43 and 44: substance 0224 BARIUM AZIDE, dry or
Page 45 and 46: 1337 NITROSTARCH, WETTED with not l
Page 47 and 48: (4) Data availability Physical prop
Page 49 and 50: flame distance (ignition distance)
Page 51 and 52: Nitrogen trifluoride C і = 1.6 Nit
Page 53 and 54: 2-3-5 Gases Under Pressure (1)Defin
Page 55 and 56: 2-3-6 Flammable Liquids (1)Definiti
Page 57 and 58: Category 3 =UNRTDG3 III Category 4
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.7.1: Criteria for flammable
Page 61 and 62: 2-3-8 Self-reactive Substances and
Page 63 and 64: 2.8.2.3 Criteria for temperature co
Page 65 and 66: 3225 There is no article with a spe
Page 67 and 68: classified according to it. If not,
Page 69 and 70: classified”. Reference: UN GHS se
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.11.1: Criteria for self-hea
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than 30% water of crystallization 1
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transport, the same chemical is to
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138: Water-reactive substances - em
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orohydrides, alkyl compounds, etc.)
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2-3-13 Oxidizing Liquids (1)Definit
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2-1-14 Oxidizing Solids (1)Definiti
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(Example of category 3)2067 AMMONIU
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this class, according to the follow
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The flow chart of 2.15.2.2 is exact
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2-3-16 Corrosive to Metals (1)Defin
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Note: In GHS, it is defined that if
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1-1) Organization National Institut
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URL http://www.ecetoc.org/publicati
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List 2: Useful information sources
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http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdrt
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3-1-3 Management of information in
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Relation between concentration(ppm)
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follows: Category 1 (100 ppmV), Cat
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(ii) the appropriate conversion val
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UNRTDG Class 6.1 is not sub-categor
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possible” unless the obvious conc
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whereas the reference value is set
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3-2-2 Skin Corrosion/Irritation (1)
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Table 3.2.2 Skin irritation categor
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possible, and to classify the subst
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and scaling persist to the end of 1
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【GHS 2 nd revised edition】 Figu
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[Note for the above figure] (a) Cla
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B) Classification criteria in GHS (
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(4)Guidance for classification and
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G) Strategy of testing and evaluati
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2c Structure activity Skin corrosiv
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done in parallel. This stage should
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criteria given below:” a) If ther
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[Decision Criteria 1]: In the cases
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substance shall be classified in Ca
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The classification is based on any
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7) Data from various kinds of tests
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Table 3-8 Test data as the basis of
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Category 1B. Mutagens classified a
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c)Exceptionally, strong positive re
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3-2-6 Carcinogenicity (1)Definition
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The principles of GHS classificatio
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B) Substance for which GHS classifi
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metabolic system, a cautious invest
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hazard warning for pregnant women a
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OECD414 Prenatal development toxici
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D) Decision logic and classificatio
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e considered to be sufficient. (Sub
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No. Test guideline Limit dose 414 P
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3-2-8 Specific Target Organ Toxicit
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specifically for these effects as d
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existing MSDSs. A literature search
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* Unless a description that definit
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g) When the affected organ can be i
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3-2-9 Specific Target Organ Toxicit
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Table 3-16: Guidance value ranges f
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(c) Any consistent and significant
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has received some degree of approva
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As for the classification of specif
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formed in the mouth, which then may
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The classification criteria refer t
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194
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(1)Sources for test data for Hazard
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List 2: Useful information sources
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3-3)EU classification When classif
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4-2 Classification of Hazardous to
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water solubility, and which are not
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Tests shall be conducted by using f
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e categorized based on chronic aqua
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endpoint. When it is not clear whet
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that the relevant information sourc
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214
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R39 Danger of very serious irrevers
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R52 Harmful to aquatic organisms. R
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GHS Classification Guidance for the Japanese Government

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