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6. Community dominated by Alcyonium digitatum on infralittoral and circalittoral rocky bottom DESCRIPTION: In Galicia (Spain), some rocky areas of the infralittoral are covered by this species, forming up important micro-habitats. These areas are located in shallow waters around 40 m depth in the Rías Baixas. Also covering the rock we can find other cnidarians such as Corynactis viridis and several sponges species such as Cliona celata, Halichondria panicea, Haliclona cinerea, Hymeniacidon perlevis, Pleraplysilla spinifera and other unidentified desmosponges. The spiny starfish (Marthasterias glacialis) is also very common and abundant in this community. This community was documented around the Ven Island in the So Sound, from the central parts of the Kattegat, and at the Swedish coast in Northern Kattegat from stony bottom with boulders and soft sediments (mud, sand–mud). It is in the Baltic Sea between 17 and 38 meter depth. Alcyonium digitatum dominates the rocks and boulders. Sea urchins (Spatangus purpureus and Psammechinus miliaris) and brittle stars (Ophiura robusta, Ophiocomina nigra, Ophiura ophiura) are very abundant. Sea anemones (Metridium senile) and a number of hydroids are common. Macrophytes such as big kelps (Laminaria saccharina) and red algae (Delesseria sanguinea) are also common on shallower areas and these areas absent in deeper waters. This community dominated by Alcyonium digitatum was documented in deeper areas of this location (110- 135m), in the central Kattegat, although the community is less abundant than in shallower areas. The sediments consist of mud with rocks and boulders on which Alcyonium digitatum was attached. The presence of echinoderm communities (particularly Brissopsis lyrifera and Echinus esculentus) is characteristic in this area when compared to the community in the shallower waters. Modiolus sp. community and burrowing worms (Arenicola marina) are also abundant among the rocks. Crustaceans were also more common than in the shallower waters. DEPTH: 17- 135 m TYPE OF SUBSTRATE: Rocky bottoms (rocky walls, boulders and stones). In the Baltic Sea, rocky subtrate where this community develops emerges on a soft sedimentary seabed dominated by mud and sand-mud. TYPICAL FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE COMMUNITY (Rías Baixas-Galicia, Spain) ALGAE Dictyota dichotoma Phyllariopsis purpurascens PORIFERA Cliona celata Haliclona cinerea Encrusted desmosponges Hymeniacidon perlevis Halichondria panicea Pleraplysilla spinifera CNIDARIA Aglaophenia sp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa Alcyonium glomeratum Parazoanthus axinellae Corynactis viridis BRYOZOA Pentapora fascialis MOLLUSCA Doriopsilla areolata ECHINODERMATA Aslia lefevrii Marthasterias glacialis CHORDATA: PISCES Gobiusculus flavescens 45
TYPICAL FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE COMMUNITY (Baltic Sea) ALGAE Corallina officinalis Laminaria saccharina Delesseria sanguinea Lithothamnion glaciale Dilsea carnosa Phymatolithon lenormandii Laminaria digitata CTENOPHORA Beroe cucumis Pleurobrachia pileus PORIFERA Haliclona urceolus Suberites virgultosus Halichondria panicea CNIDARIA Abietinaria abietina Nemertesia ramosa Bougainvillia muscus Rhizocaulus verticillatus Cyanea lamarckii Sagartiogeton laceratus Eudendrium rameum Sertularella sp. Halecium halecinum Sertularia cupressina Kirchenpaueria pinnata Urticina fellina Metridium senile Tubularia larynx BRYOZOA Crisia eburnea Reteporella beaniana Electra pilosa MOLLUSCA Aequipecten opercularis Modiolus modiolus Aporrhais pespelecani Neptunea antiqua Bittium reticulatum Pecten maximus Buccinum undatum Pectinidae Flabellina verrucosa Tonicella rubra Cuthona nana CRUSTACEA Cancer pagurus Munida rugosa Hyas araneus Pagurus bernhardus Lithodes maja Palaemonetes varians Meganyctiphanes norvegica Pandalus borealis ECHINODERMATA Acrocnida brachiata Ophiothrix fragilis Amphiura sp. Ophiopholis aculeata Asterias rubens Ophiura albida Brissopsis lyrifera Ophiura ophiura Crossaster papposus Ophiura robusta Echinus esculentus Psammechinus miliaris Henricia sanguinolenta Solaster endeca Ophiocomina nigra Spatangus purpureus ANNELIDA Amphitrite cirrata Spirobranchus triqueter Arenicola marina Sabella spallanzanii Filograna implexa Spirorbis sp. Neoamphitrite figulus Terebellides stroemii BRACHIOPODA Novocrania anomala CHORDATA: AGNATHA Myxine glutinosa 46
Page 2 and 3: INTRODUCTION Given the diversity of
Page 4 and 5: OCEANAS PROPOSALS “Coral gardens
Page 6 and 7: 1. Forest of the scleractinian Dend
Page 8 and 9: Ecteinascidia turbinata Synoicum bl
Page 10 and 11: TYPICAL FAUNA OF THE COMMUNITY (ON
Page 12 and 13: Locations where Dendrophyllia spp.
Page 14 and 15: Madrepora oculata colonies on bathy
Page 16 and 17: 3. Antipatharia forest 3.1. Antipat
Page 18 and 19: 3.2. Antipathes dichotoma forest on
Page 20 and 21: AREAS WHERE THIS HABITAT IS PRESENT
Page 22 and 23: Mixed gorgonian garden (Eunicella v
Page 24 and 25: Diplodus vulgaris Scorpaena sp. Cf.
Page 26 and 27: 4.1.3. Mixed gorgonian garden (Euni
Page 28 and 29: CHORDATA: TUNICATA Aplidium elegans
Page 30 and 31: Mixed gorgonian garden (Eunicella l
Page 32 and 33: 4.2. Paramuricea clavata garden on
Page 34 and 35: 4.3. Eunicella verrucosa garden on
Page 36 and 37: 4.4. Callogorgia verticillata garde
Page 38 and 39: TYPICAL FAUNA OF THE COMMUNITY PORI
Page 40 and 41: 4.5. Viminella flagellum garden on
Page 42 and 43: Mixed gardens of Callogorgia vertic
Page 44 and 45: 5. Caves and overhangs with red cor
Page 48 and 49: CHORDATA: TUNICATA Corella parallel
Page 50 and 51: Locations where communities dominat
Page 52 and 53: deep-sea sponge aggregations, OCEAN
Page 54 and 55: Asconema setubalense aggregation in
Page 56 and 57: Locations where Asconema setubalens
Page 58 and 59: Dendrophyllia cornigera Parazoanthu
Page 60 and 61: 3. Artemisina transiens aggregation
Page 62 and 63: 4. Axinella spp. aggregation on upp
Page 64 and 65: 5. Cliona celata agreggation on upp
Page 66 and 67: Locations where sponge aggregations
Page 68 and 69: TYPICAL FAUNA OF THE COMMUNITY PORI
Page 70 and 71: SEAPEN AND BURROWING MEGAFAUNA OSPA
Page 72 and 73: 1. Infralittoral detritic and soft
Page 74 and 75: 2. Batial soft bottom dominated by
Page 76 and 77: Locations where soft bottoms domina
Page 78 and 79: AREAS WHERE THIS HABITAT IS PRESENT
Page 80 and 81: ECHINODERMATA Amphiura chiajei Mart
Page 82: CHORDATA: PISCES Callionymus lyra M

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