E. Coli
E. Coli E. Coli
Review of Literature majority of 276 isolates (26.2%) of salmonella species were recovered from heart, liver and intestine of the broilers and layers. S.entertidis (85 isolates, 98.8%), S.virchow (48 isolated, 57.8%) S. paratyphi (41 isolates, 57.71%) and S.infants (30 isolates, 20.6%) were distributed in poultry and poultry environment. Mohammed et al. (1999) collected 200 faecal samples from living chickens in addition to 180 samples collected from chicken environment, Litter (75), feed (30) and water (75) at Kafr-El-Sheikh province. The total incidence of salmonella was 2.5% in chicken, 5.33% in Litter, 3.33% in feed and 2.66% in water. The number of isolated S.entertidis strains from litter was (1) and feed (1), mean while S.typhimurium was isolated from chicken (2), S.anatum were isolated from chicken (3) and S.pullorun were isolated from chicken and water (1 each in number). Hatab (2001) collected 25 poultry feed samples from poultry houses at different localities in Dakahila province. Salmonella species were isolated from 3 raw mash samples with an incidence of 12%. Sertoyping of the three isolated Salmonella species revealed that 2 strains were S. typhimurium and one untypable strain. Mohamad (2002) illustrated the occurrence of Salmonella species in 31 poultry manure samples in federal Germany with a frequency of 2/31 (6%). Both isolates were serotyped as S.agona. Salmonella species was counted in poultry manure with mean number of 162 cell per gram manure. 14
Review of Literature Moreno et al. (2007) mentioned that antimicrobial resistance is an increasing phenomenon but its quantitative estimation remains controversial. The classical resistance percentage approach is not well studied to detect either emergence or low levels resistance. They performed E.coli enumeration in facial samples of broilers (82 pooled samples). Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was supplemented with 1 µg/ml of cefotaxime for E. coli detection, 93% (76/82) of broiler pooled samples tested positive. 2.1.3. Frequent Enterobacteriaceae in broiler and surrounding environment. Verma and Adlakha (1971) stated that, out of 359 chickens suffered from pneumonia, sepcticemia, egg peritonitis, enteritis and persistent yolk sac. Klebsiella species were isolated from 12 chickens. Proteus species were isolated from 4 and paracolon bacteria from one. Karim and Ali (1976) examined 200 dead chick embryos of 22 days old. Proteus species were isolated from dead chickens embryos. Sarakbi (1979) reported the incidence of Klebsiella species in different organs of ill and dead one day-old chicks. A total of 438 samples from yolk-sac, heart blood, liver (146 each) were examined for the incidence of Klebsiella species, and result in recovery rates of 17 (11.64), 10 (6.85%) and 10 (6.85%), respectively. K. pneumoniae was identified in 10, 7, 7 strains recovered from yolk sac, heart blood and liver samples respectively while K.ozoenae was isolated from two yolk sac samples. 15
- Page 1 and 2: A STUDY ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS I
- Page 3 and 4: List of contents Page 1-Introductio
- Page 5 and 6: Tables Page Table(1)Biochemical rea
- Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements First of all thank
- Page 9 and 10: 2 Introduction certain serogroups,
- Page 11 and 12: Sodium chloride 5.0 g/l Agar pH 7.3
- Page 13 and 14: Sodium citrate, tribasic 2.0 g/l So
- Page 15 and 16: 3.1.4.Solutions and indicators in b
- Page 17 and 18: Polyvalent 4: O6 , O27 , O78 , O148
- Page 19 and 20: serological identification accordin
- Page 21 and 22: 6- Urease test The test determine t
- Page 23 and 24: 3. The plate was swabbed in differe
- Page 25 and 26: 2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Inciden
- Page 27 and 28: Review of Literature suggested that
- Page 29 and 30: Review of Literature K5 (37.5%), 15
- Page 31 and 32: Review of Literature within Ireland
- Page 33 and 34: Review of Literature salmonella spe
- Page 35: Review of Literature Sasipreeyajan
- Page 39 and 40: Review of Literature Mohamad (1996)
- Page 41 and 42: Review of Literature pencillin (68.
- Page 43 and 44: Review of Literature El-Ghamdi et a
- Page 45 and 46: Review of Literature serious ever l
- Page 47 and 48: Review of Literature the time from
- Page 49 and 50: Review of Literature isolates from
- Page 51 and 52: 4.Results A total of 295 chicken sa
- Page 53 and 54: Table (4): Incidence of chicken Ent
- Page 55 and 56: Abolila 11 10/11(90.9%) 10/10(100%)
- Page 57 and 58: fermentation (Lactose, Maltose, Man
- Page 59 and 60: isolates were salmonella, pseudomon
- Page 61 and 62: Fig.(3)Triple sugar iron agar(TSI),
- Page 63 and 64: Fig.(4).Citrate negative E.coli iso
- Page 65 and 66: Fig.(6)An isolate was sensitive to
- Page 67 and 68: Farm Mansoura1 Omda1 Asher3 Asher4
- Page 69 and 70: Gentamycin, Colistin, Erythromycin,
- Page 71 and 72: Trimethoprim), Colistin, Erythromyc
- Page 73 and 74: (Sulpamethox-azole/ Trimethoprim),
- Page 75 and 76: Table(10)Sensitivity pattern for is
- Page 77 and 78: R = Resistant S = Sensitive CTX30 =
- Page 79 and 80: Table(12 )Sensitivity Pattern of is
- Page 81 and 82: Doxycyclin, Erythromycin, were effe
- Page 83 and 84: Fig.(8) Sensitivity percentages of
- Page 85 and 86: Discussion Concerning bacteriologic
Review of Literature<br />
Moreno et al. (2007) mentioned that antimicrobial resistance is<br />
an increasing phenomenon but its quantitative estimation remains<br />
controversial. The classical resistance percentage approach is not well<br />
studied to detect either emergence or low levels resistance. They<br />
performed E.coli enumeration in facial samples of broilers (82 pooled<br />
samples). Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was supplemented<br />
with 1 µg/ml of cefotaxime for E. coli detection, 93% (76/82) of<br />
broiler pooled samples tested positive.<br />
2.1.3. Frequent Enterobacteriaceae in broiler and surrounding<br />
environment.<br />
Verma and Adlakha (1971) stated that, out of 359 chickens<br />
suffered from pneumonia, sepcticemia, egg peritonitis, enteritis and<br />
persistent yolk sac. Klebsiella species were isolated from 12 chickens.<br />
Proteus species were isolated from 4 and paracolon bacteria from one.<br />
Karim and Ali (1976) examined 200 dead chick embryos of 22<br />
days old. Proteus species were isolated from dead chickens embryos.<br />
Sarakbi (1979) reported the incidence of Klebsiella species in<br />
different organs of ill and dead one day-old chicks. A total of 438<br />
samples from yolk-sac, heart blood, liver (146 each) were examined<br />
for the incidence of Klebsiella species, and result in recovery rates of<br />
17 (11.64), 10 (6.85%) and 10 (6.85%), respectively. K. pneumoniae<br />
was identified in 10, 7, 7 strains recovered from yolk sac, heart blood<br />
and liver samples respectively while K.ozoenae was isolated from two<br />
yolk sac samples.<br />
15
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