E. Coli
E. Coli E. Coli
3.2. Methods 3.2.1. Collection of sample: The birds were collected every week, starting from 8 days of a arrival till the marketing age 38 day old. The source of birds was from 18 broiler farms in Dakahlia governorate. 3.2.2. Isolation of Enterbacteriaceae from organ samples: Firstly, chickens were scarified, dipped in phenol 5%solution, opened aseptically for bacteriological examination, the macroscopic lesions were sterilized using preheated scalpel. Then separate loopfuls were taken from heart blood, liver, lung, gall bladder (Siam, 1998). Each separate loopful was directly inoculated into separate nutrient broth tubes, then subcultured into MacConkey broth and MacConkey agar. The inoculated broth and the streaked agar media were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours pure colonies were picked up and preserved onto slope agar for further biochemical and serological identification according to Edwards and Ewing (1972), Finegold and Martin (1982), Krieg and Holt (1984) and Holt et al., (1999). 3.2.3. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from urine samples Urine samples were collected from private laboratories. Firstly, isolation was done by soaking a cotton swap in the specimen then streaked on nutrient agar media then it was incubated in incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. After growth the pure colonies were picked up and streaked on MacConkey agar media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours then the suspected colonies were picked up and streaked onto nutrient agar plates for purification then subjected to biochemical and 37
serological identification according to Edward and Ewing (1972), Fine gold and Martin (1982), Krieg and Holt (1984) and Holt et al., (1999). 3.2.3. Bacteriological identification 3.2.3.1. Morphological characteristics: From suspected purified colonies, bacterial smears were prepared and stained with Gram’s stain and examined microscopically for morphological characteristics. 3.2.3.2. Cultural characteristics: The colonial appearance was studied to investigate their structure, surface, edge, color, opacity, haemolysis of blood agar and pigment production. The motility of each isolate was detected by its stabbing into semisolid agar. The motile one grows away from line of stabbing. 3.2.4. Biochemical characterization: The following methods of biochemical tests used for identification were carried out according to the schemes described by Cruickshank et al., (1975), Edwards and Ewing (1972), Finegold and Martin (1982), Kerig and Holt (1984) and Holt et al., (1999). 1- Oxidase test A piece of filter paper was soaked with few drops of oxidase reagent. A colony of the test organism was then smeared onto the filter paper. If the organism is oxidase producing, the phenylene diamine in the reagent will 38
- Page 1 and 2: A STUDY ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS I
- Page 3 and 4: List of contents Page 1-Introductio
- Page 5 and 6: Tables Page Table(1)Biochemical rea
- Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements First of all thank
- Page 9 and 10: 2 Introduction certain serogroups,
- Page 11 and 12: Sodium chloride 5.0 g/l Agar pH 7.3
- Page 13 and 14: Sodium citrate, tribasic 2.0 g/l So
- Page 15 and 16: 3.1.4.Solutions and indicators in b
- Page 17: Polyvalent 4: O6 , O27 , O78 , O148
- Page 21 and 22: 6- Urease test The test determine t
- Page 23 and 24: 3. The plate was swabbed in differe
- Page 25 and 26: 2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Inciden
- Page 27 and 28: Review of Literature suggested that
- Page 29 and 30: Review of Literature K5 (37.5%), 15
- Page 31 and 32: Review of Literature within Ireland
- Page 33 and 34: Review of Literature salmonella spe
- Page 35 and 36: Review of Literature Sasipreeyajan
- Page 37 and 38: Review of Literature Moreno et al.
- Page 39 and 40: Review of Literature Mohamad (1996)
- Page 41 and 42: Review of Literature pencillin (68.
- Page 43 and 44: Review of Literature El-Ghamdi et a
- Page 45 and 46: Review of Literature serious ever l
- Page 47 and 48: Review of Literature the time from
- Page 49 and 50: Review of Literature isolates from
- Page 51 and 52: 4.Results A total of 295 chicken sa
- Page 53 and 54: Table (4): Incidence of chicken Ent
- Page 55 and 56: Abolila 11 10/11(90.9%) 10/10(100%)
- Page 57 and 58: fermentation (Lactose, Maltose, Man
- Page 59 and 60: isolates were salmonella, pseudomon
- Page 61 and 62: Fig.(3)Triple sugar iron agar(TSI),
- Page 63 and 64: Fig.(4).Citrate negative E.coli iso
- Page 65 and 66: Fig.(6)An isolate was sensitive to
- Page 67 and 68: Farm Mansoura1 Omda1 Asher3 Asher4
serological identification according to Edward and Ewing (1972),<br />
Fine gold and Martin (1982), Krieg and Holt (1984) and Holt et<br />
al., (1999).<br />
3.2.3. Bacteriological identification<br />
3.2.3.1. Morphological characteristics:<br />
From suspected purified colonies, bacterial smears were prepared<br />
and stained with Gram’s stain and examined microscopically for<br />
morphological characteristics.<br />
3.2.3.2. Cultural characteristics:<br />
The colonial appearance was studied to investigate their<br />
structure, surface, edge, color, opacity, haemolysis of blood agar and<br />
pigment production. The motility of each isolate was detected by its<br />
stabbing into semisolid agar. The motile one grows away from line of<br />
stabbing.<br />
3.2.4. Biochemical characterization:<br />
The following methods of biochemical tests used for<br />
identification were carried out according to the schemes described by<br />
Cruickshank et al., (1975), Edwards and Ewing (1972), Finegold<br />
and Martin (1982), Kerig and Holt (1984) and Holt et al., (1999).<br />
1- Oxidase test<br />
A piece of filter paper was soaked with few drops of oxidase reagent.<br />
A colony of the test organism was then smeared onto the filter paper. If the<br />
organism is oxidase producing, the phenylene diamine in the reagent will<br />
38
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