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20. a-na UGU-®i-ka um-da-e-ra-ku ù at-ta m ib-na-du-šu And you, send Ibnadušu, ša LU2.MEŠ kur.uru ši-ka-la-ú whom the people from Šikala is-bu-tu-šu-ni a-na UGU-®i-ia šu-up-ra-šu had abducted, to me. 25. a-ma-te ša kur.uru ši-ki-la I will question him about the a-ša-al-šu land Šikala, ù a-na ku-ta-li-šu and afterwards he may leave a-na kur.uru u-ga-ri-ta i-tu-ur-ra for Ugarit again.” 30. i-ta-la-ka ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (three erased lines) RS L 1 95 1. u[m-m]a LUGAL-ma “Thus says the king [of a-na m am-mu-ra-pí Alashiya]. Speak to LUGAL kur ú-ga-rít qí-bi-ma Ammurapi, king of Ugarit: ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 5. lu-ú š[u]l-mu a-na UGU-®i-ka May you be well! May the DINGIR-nu a-na šul-ma-ni gods keep you in good health! PAP-ru-ka ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ša tàš-pu-ra ma-a giš MA2.MEŠKUR2 Concerning what you wrote to i-na ŠA3 A.AB.BA me: “They have spotted 10. i-ta-am-ru-m[a] enemy ships at sea”; ù šúm-ma ki-it-tu if they have indeed spotted giš MA2.MEŠ i-ta-am-ru ships, make yourself as ù lu dú-nu-na[-ta] strong as possible. dan-níš i-na-an-n[a] Now, where are your own 15. at-tu-ka [(x-x)] troops (and) chariotry ERIN2.MEŠ-ka giš GIGIR.M[EŠ-ka] a-ia-ka-ma-a stationed? aš-bu ul it-ta-ka-ma-a Are they not stationed with aš-bu i-i[a]-nu-um-ma-a you? If not, who will deliver 20. i-na ®i ?! -re-et lú KUR you from the enemy forces? ma-am-ma ú-nam-maš-ka Surround your towns with URU.DIDLI.HI.A-ka BAD3.MEŠ li-i-mi walls; ERIN2.MEŠ ù giš GIGIR.MEŠ bring troops and chariotry 25. i-na ŠA3 šu-ri-ib inside. (Then) wait at full pa-ni lú KUR dú-gu5-ul strength for the enemy.” 95 Nougayrol 1968: 83-9. 48
RS 20.238 ù dú-nu-na-ta dan-níš ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 1. a-na LUGAL kur a-la-ši-ia “Speak to the king of a-bi- ia qí-bi-ma Alashiya, my father: Thus um-ma LUGAL kur u-ga-ri-it says the king of Ugarit, DUMU-ka-ma your son. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 5. a-na GIR3.MEŠ a-bi-ia a[m-qu]t I fall at the feet of my father. a-na UGU-®i a-bi-ia lu-ú š[u]l-m[u May my father be well! a-na E2.HI.A-ka NITLAM4.MEŠ-k[a] May your estates, your ERIN2-ka consorts, your troops, a-na gab-bi [m]im-mu-ú everything that belongs to the ša LUGAL kur a-la-ši-i[a] king of Alashiya, my father, 10. a-bi- ia d[a]n-níš dan-níš lu-ú šul-m[u] be very, very well! ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ a-bi a-nu-ma giš MA2.MEŠ My father, now enemy ships ša lú.meš KUR2 il-l[a]-ka are coming (and) they burn [U]RU.HI.A-ia i-na IZI : i-ša-ti down my towns with fire. 15. i-ša-ri-ip They have done unseemly ù a-ma-at [la]-a ba-ni-ta [i-n]a ŠA3-bi KUR i-te-e[p]-šú things in the land! a-bu-ia ú-ul i-[d]e My father is not aware of the 20. ki-i gab-bu ERIN2.MEŠ E[N] fact that all the troops of my a-bi-ia father’s overlord are i-na kur ®a-at-ti stationed in Hatti and that all aš-bu ù gab-bu giš MA2.MEŠ-[ i]a my ships are stationed in i-na ku[r] lu-uk-ka-a Lukk. They still have not aš-bu [a-d]i-ni ul ik-šu-da-ni arrived and the country is lying like that! 25. ù KUR-[t]u4 ka-am-ma na-da-at My father should know these a-bu-ia a-ma-at an-ni-ta5 things. [l]u-ú i-de i-na-an-na Now, the seven enemy 7 giš MA2.MEŠ ša lú.meš KUR2 ships that are approaching [š]a il-la-ka-a[n]-ni have done evil things to us. 30. ù a-ma-at maš-ik-ta it-ep-šu-na-a-ši i-na-an-na šum-ma giš MA2.[MEŠ] Now then, if there are any ša lú.meš KUR2 ša-na-t[u4] other enemy ships send me a i-ba-aš-ši-mi †é-m[a] report somehow, so that I will 35. [a-i]a-ka-am-ma šu-up-r[a]-ni ù lu-ú i-de4 know.” ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 49
Page 1: The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples 1
Page 4 and 5: Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof.dr
Page 7: CONTENTS Preface ..................
Page 10 and 11: profited from the collaboration wit
Page 12 and 13: Frontispiece. Rowers depicted on a
Page 15 and 16: In a work which deals with the ethn
Page 17 and 18: similar vein, to accuse Georges Dum
Page 19: upon a pre-existing local populatio
Page 22 and 23: certainty about the 8th century BC
Page 24 and 25: with the Heraklids Kresphontes and
Page 26 and 27: after the end of the Bronze Age. 43
Page 28 and 29: Miletos may be due to an historical
Page 30 and 31: It lies at hand to correlate the fa
Page 32 and 33: more, he rearranged the western pro
Page 35 and 36: 4. AN HISTORIOGRAPHIC OUTLINE In th
Page 37 and 38: The view of Maspero that the Sea Pe
Page 39 and 40: ples as mere pirates goes Helck’s
Page 41 and 42: site or manoeuvring in mountainous
Page 43 and 44: The contemporary sources with a bea
Page 45 and 46: Enkomi cylinder seal (Inv. no. 19.1
Page 47: Tablet 1687 from Enkomi Side A (15)
Page 51 and 52: Libyans (year 5) as well as success
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 5. Land battle scene of Medine
Page 55 and 56: he said to me: “To be sure, they
Page 57 and 58: 6. LUKKA AND THE LUKKA LANDS Since
Page 59 and 60: 7. ETHNOGENESIS OF THE GREEKS The d
Page 61 and 62: the archaeological record by the Ma
Page 63 and 64: adopting the then modern Indo-Aryan
Page 65 and 66: Evidently, the Hyksos were a highly
Page 67: linguistic features from an hypothe
Page 70 and 71: have been Crete, since in the text
Page 72 and 73: war 199 - a suggestion further emph
Page 74 and 75: give and take a few dialectal reshu
Page 77 and 78: In Homeros there are three indicati
Page 79 and 80: Models The problem of Etruscan orig
Page 81 and 82: 7th century BC, is, considering the
Page 83 and 84: (proto-)Villanovan is attested (cf.
Page 85 and 86: sumed that the Etruscans have borro
Page 87: grave of North Pontic steppe type,
Page 90 and 91: Trojans, nor will they change their
Page 92 and 93: “Venel Atelinas has given this to
Page 94 and 95: as follows: 370 1. M(arce) Vnata
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 17. Settlement of the Sea Peop
Page 98 and 99:
salian Gyrtone. 406 On the basis of
Page 100 and 101:
of their foundation of Kume, the Ai
Page 102 and 103:
Asherah, Ugaritic y-, -m)!”. 453
Page 104 and 105:
inhabitants of the Mesara plain at
Page 106 and 107:
sociated from that of Mls, a predec
Page 108 and 109:
found here. 513 It is interesting t
Page 110 and 111:
Fig. 21. Distribution of Trojan gre
Page 112 and 113:
The story continues with the Sherde
Page 114 and 115:
On the basis of the combined eviden
Page 116 and 117:
our identification of the Weshesh w
Page 118 and 119:
(Histories I, 57) reports, adopted
Page 120 and 121:
lesh are geographically based, bein
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX I: ON THE DECIPHERMENT OF
Page 125 and 126:
36. 5 005 191 TIWATA, [ti] PF 2 (35
Page 127 and 128:
Evans CHIC CL value attestation 64.
Page 129 and 130:
identical to Egyptian bi’ty “ki
Page 131 and 132:
# 258 # 271 # 296 # 309 1 2 3 1. 'y
Page 133:
# 314 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 'tá-PÁRA
Page 136 and 137:
52. “-ship” -®i- -c-, -- (pro)
Page 138 and 139:
59. 3rd pers. pl. pres./fut. -nt -n
Page 140 and 141:
pattern is formed by the G pl. in -
Page 142 and 143:
LUWIAN ROMAN INDIC GERMANIC F1 Tark
Page 144 and 145:
linguistic point of view, however,
Page 146 and 147:
meat) or as a sacred animal per se:
Page 148 and 149:
Behn, Friedrich, 1924, Hausurnen. B
Page 150 and 151:
tury B.C’. Orientalia 56. Pp. 1-3
Page 152 and 153:
Gardiner, Alan H., 1947, Ancient Eg
Page 154 and 155:
Ägäis und die Levante während de
Page 156 and 157:
terranean in the mid second millenn
Page 158 and 159:
occidentale. Studia Mediterranea 8.
Page 160 and 161:
Sommer, Ferdinand, 1932, Die A®®i
Page 162 and 163:
--- , 2004b, Woudhuizen, Fred C., S
Page 164 and 165:
hele andere etnische groep rekenen.
Page 167:
CURRICULUM VITAE VAN FREDERIK CHRIS
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