The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...

pattern is formed by the G pl. in -ai, which Etruscan
shares with Lycian and Lydian. Finally,
Etruscan has in common with Lydian the use of
the D-G sg. in -l and the dropping of the final
vowel with respect to the endings of the Abl. sg.
and the 3rd person sg. and pl. of the present/future
tense. Obviously, this leads us to the conclusion
that Etruscan is a Luwian dialect sui generis.
(4) About the time that Etruscan separated from the
related Luwian dialects it is relevant to note that,
considering the form of the relative being -va-, it
has not participated in the labiovelar development
which characterizes Lycian ti- and Lydian pe- or
pi-. On the other hand, we have seen that Etruscan
shows some evidence of the typical Lycian phonetic
development [s] > [h]. Hence, the separation
likely dates to after the 8th century BC, when
Luwian hieroglyphic dies out, and before the first
evidence of Lycian and Lydian in the late 7th century
BC.
(5) The large amount of correspondences with Greek,
which cannot be explained in an Italian context,
indicate an Aegean location of Etruscan when still
in the Anatolian motherland. On the basis of the
Aiolisms, this location may perhaps even be finetuned
as in the neighborhood of Aiolia. Note that
the influence of Greek on Etruscan, in view of the
origin of the ending of the 3rd person sg. of the
past tense in -ce or -e from the Greek kappaperfect
(or -aorist), amounted to the level of codemixing.
680
(6) The correspondences with Italic and Latin are easily
explained by the Italian context of Etruscan
from the 7th century BC onwards. Note that, in
view of the 3rd person pl. of the passive of the
present tense in -n(a)ur and the passive infinitive
-ri, the interaction with the Italici also
amounted to the level of code-mixing.
(7) The correspondences with Phoenician indicate a
direct contact of Etruscans with Phoenicians.
680 Adams, Janse & Swain 2002.
140