The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
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verbal conjugation<br />
111. 3rd pers. sg. perfect (or aorist)<br />
-ke<br />
-ce, -e<br />
LATIN/ITALIC<br />
vocabulary<br />
ETRUSCAN<br />
144. capio “to take (away)” capi-<br />
145. esuna- “<strong>of</strong>fering” aisna-<br />
146. idus (middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> month) etul-<br />
147. kletram “bier” cletram<br />
127. leo “lion” lev<br />
148. lustrum “lustrum” lurs-<br />
149. magister (magistracy) macstrev-<br />
150. maro- (magistracy) maru-<br />
151. mundus “bothros” mun-<br />
129. morior “to die” mur-<br />
152. munus “<strong>of</strong>fering, tribute,<br />
duty”<br />
munist-<br />
105. nepos “grandson” neft-<br />
153. patina “plate” pana-<br />
154. pro-nepos “great-grandson” prumt-<br />
155. ritus “rite” rita-, ri(a)-<br />
135. spondeum “cup for pouring spanti “libation<br />
a drink- <strong>of</strong>fering” bowl, plate”<br />
156. subulu “fluteplayer” suplu<br />
157. suus (reflexive pronoun,<br />
3rd pers.)<br />
sva-<br />
158. teneo “to hold (a magistracy)”<br />
en(u)-, ten(u)-<br />
159. touto-, tuta- “people” uta-, tu-<br />
46. vinum “wine” vina-<br />
<strong>The</strong> salient points from this list are <strong>the</strong> following:<br />
(1) Correspondences <strong>of</strong> Etruscan with Hittite have a<br />
bearing on vocabulary alone: hence Etruscan is<br />
not to be identified with Hittite, as Vladimir<br />
Georgiev wants to have it.<br />
(2) Considering <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong> correspondences <strong>of</strong><br />
Etruscan with Luwian hieroglyphic outmatch all<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r categories, Etruscan shows <strong>the</strong> closest affinity<br />
with Luwian hieroglyphic. Note especially that<br />
<strong>the</strong> shared use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> endings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> N(m/f) pl. in<br />
-i and D pl. in -ai exclude a particularly close relationship<br />
with cuneiform Luwian, which is<br />
characterized by N(m/f) pl. -nzi and D pl. -nza.<br />
Yet ano<strong>the</strong>r feature which stresses <strong>the</strong> relationship<br />
<strong>of</strong> Etruscan with Luwian hieroglyphic is <strong>the</strong> phe-<br />
139<br />
verbal conjugation<br />
160. 3rd pers. pl. passive pres. -n(a)ur (now also<br />
-ntur<br />
Agostiniani & Nicosia<br />
2000: 54 (=<br />
Tabula Cortonensis,<br />
section III)<br />
161. infinitive passive -ri -ri<br />
vocabulary<br />
PHOENICIAN/HEBREW ETRUSCAN<br />
162. Asherah Aisera (note that this<br />
<strong>of</strong> old inherited form<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Phoenician divine<br />
name Astarte<br />
needs to be distinguished<br />
from Astrein<br />
<strong>the</strong> inscriptions on<br />
<strong>the</strong> Pyrgi gold tablets,<br />
which is an ad<br />
hoc attempt to render<br />
‘štrt in <strong>the</strong> Phoenician<br />
version <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
text)<br />
142. krr “month <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dances” urvar, urve, uru<br />
163. mlh<br />
“beautiful” mla (G mlakas)<br />
164. slt- “power” seleita- “sultanate”<br />
Etruscan with Luwian hieroglyphic is <strong>the</strong> phenomenon<br />
<strong>of</strong> rhotacism <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dental, as attested<br />
for <strong>the</strong> onomastic element tiwat/ra- and <strong>the</strong> ending<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Abl. sg. -t/ri.<br />
(3) Never<strong>the</strong>less, Etruscan is not to be identified as a<br />
dialect <strong>of</strong> Luwian hieroglyphic, as it shares <strong>the</strong><br />
loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> N(m/f) sg. -s and A(m/f) sg. -n in <strong>the</strong><br />
realm <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> noun with Lycian, which also provides<br />
comparative evidence for <strong>the</strong> A(m/f) pl. in<br />
-es or -is. To this comes that Etruscan shows some<br />
evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> typical Lycian phonetic development<br />
[s] > [h] in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verb hamai-<br />
/amei- “to found” < cuneiform Luwian samnai-.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r deviation from <strong>the</strong> Luwian hieroglyphic