The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples - RePub - Erasmus Universiteit ...
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sociated from that <strong>of</strong> Mls, a predecessor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lydian<br />
king Kandaules (= <strong>the</strong> one murdered by <strong>the</strong> first ruler <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Mermnads, Gyges) who ruled in <strong>the</strong> second half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
8th century BC. 495 <strong>The</strong> Lydian nature <strong>of</strong> this name is fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
emphasized by <strong>the</strong> attestation in an epichoric Lydian<br />
inscription <strong>of</strong> Me1llali-, an adjectival derivative in -li- <strong>of</strong><br />
Me1l1a. 496<br />
Given <strong>the</strong> relationship <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> name Maleos to Lydian<br />
Melas or Meles, <strong>the</strong> Tyrrheno-Pelasgian and Lydian traditions<br />
about <strong>the</strong> inventor <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trumpet appear to be not<br />
competitive in nature, but mere variants <strong>of</strong> one and <strong>the</strong><br />
same story. Evidently, this story must be assigned to <strong>the</strong><br />
period in which Lydia was not yet a landlocked power, as<br />
in <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reign <strong>of</strong> king Kroisos (559-547 BC), 497<br />
but still actively involved in maritime trade – with <strong>the</strong> Pontic<br />
region as indicated by <strong>the</strong> Lydian supremacy over Abydos<br />
and Daskyleion in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn Troad recorded for <strong>the</strong><br />
reign <strong>of</strong> Gyges (687-649 BC), 498 and with on <strong>the</strong> one hand<br />
Al Mina in North Syria in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>ast (via Smyrna) and<br />
on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand <strong>the</strong> island <strong>of</strong> Pi<strong>the</strong>cussae in <strong>the</strong> southwest<br />
as indicated by archaeological and epigraphical evidence<br />
from <strong>the</strong> late 8th century BC. 499<br />
Anyhow, whatever <strong>the</strong> merits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tyrrheno-<br />
Pelasgian or Lydian claims, one thing seems clear, namely<br />
that <strong>the</strong> priority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trompet lies with <strong>the</strong><br />
Egyptians, as in <strong>the</strong> reliefs <strong>of</strong> Medinet Habu we see an<br />
Egyptian trompeteer coordinating <strong>the</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> a contingent<br />
<strong>of</strong> foreign (in casu Sherden and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Peoples</strong>’)<br />
mercenaries (see Fig. 22b)!<br />
495 Radet 1892: 76-9; Pedley 1972: 14; cf. Briquel 1984: 267;<br />
Briquel 1991: 332-3.<br />
496 Gusmani 1964, s.v.; cf. Briquel 1991: 333, note 58. According<br />
to Gusmani, loc. cit., Lydian Me1l1a (and hence <strong>the</strong> related Tyrrheno-Pelasgian<br />
Maleos or Meleos [Briquel 1984: 268]) derives<br />
from Luwian Mala- as in Malazitis, see Laroche 1966, s.v.<br />
497 Herodotos, Histories I, 27; cf. Briquel 1991: 85.<br />
498 Strabo, Geography 22, 1; Pedley 1972: 19; Briquel 1991: 82-3<br />
and note 285.<br />
499 Woudhuizen 1982-3: 99-100, Fig. 7a-c (distinct type <strong>of</strong> meander);<br />
Woudhuizen 1992a: 155-7, Fig. 2 (inscription mi Maion).<br />
106