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profited from the collaboration with Winfried Achterberg, Kees Enzler, and Lia Rietveld, as duly acknowledged in the bibliography. Further, my thanks are due to the Etruscologist Bauke van der Meer, the Classical archeologist Eric Moorman, and the Mediterranean archeologist Jacques Vanschoonwinkel, for kindly bringing relevant literature to my attention. Finally, I am indebted to Ulrich Seeger (cf. 2002) and Peter Broers for allowing me to use their fonts Bock and Kefas2, respectively, as sources of special characters. 10
NOTE ON THE TRANSCRIPTION, ESPECIALLY OF PROPER NAMES In the transcription of proper names, I have in most instances preferred one closest to the Greek original: thus Akhaians, Herakles, Herodotos, Homeros, Korinthos, etc. Encouraged by the German saying that “Jeder Konzequenz führt zum Teufel”, however, I have not aimed at being entirely systematic in this respect, since I found it hard to transform the current English forms of Cilicia, Crete, Crimea, Cyclades, Mycenae, Thucydides, Tiryns, Troy, Tyre, etc. into less familiar ones closer to the Greek original. The same license has been adopted with respect to the ending of the ethnonyms, now using the Greek one, as with Danaoi and Teukroi, then using the English one, 11 as with Pelasgians. When originating from a Latin source, the Latin forms of the proper names are preferred, as in the section on the Aeneas’ saga. As far as possible, I have preferred to use (in general discussions outside the context of my presentation of original texts) the simple s instead of the cumbersome sh for the transcription of the sibilant š in Hittite personal names and Philistine place names, thus Hattusilis, Suppiuliumas and Askalon, Asdod. However, for the sake of clarity sh is maintained for Eshtaol, Kadesh, and Laish as well as for the ethnonyms of the Sea Peoples from the Egyptian sources, hence Ekwesh, Teresh, etc.
Page 1: The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples 1
Page 4 and 5: Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof.dr
Page 7: CONTENTS Preface ..................
Page 12 and 13: Frontispiece. Rowers depicted on a
Page 15 and 16: In a work which deals with the ethn
Page 17 and 18: similar vein, to accuse Georges Dum
Page 19: upon a pre-existing local populatio
Page 22 and 23: certainty about the 8th century BC
Page 24 and 25: with the Heraklids Kresphontes and
Page 26 and 27: after the end of the Bronze Age. 43
Page 28 and 29: Miletos may be due to an historical
Page 30 and 31: It lies at hand to correlate the fa
Page 32 and 33: more, he rearranged the western pro
Page 35 and 36: 4. AN HISTORIOGRAPHIC OUTLINE In th
Page 37 and 38: The view of Maspero that the Sea Pe
Page 39 and 40: ples as mere pirates goes Helck’s
Page 41 and 42: site or manoeuvring in mountainous
Page 43 and 44: The contemporary sources with a bea
Page 45 and 46: Enkomi cylinder seal (Inv. no. 19.1
Page 47 and 48: Tablet 1687 from Enkomi Side A (15)
Page 49 and 50: RS 20.238 ù dú-nu-na-ta dan-níš
Page 51 and 52: Libyans (year 5) as well as success
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 5. Land battle scene of Medine
Page 55 and 56: he said to me: “To be sure, they
Page 57 and 58: 6. LUKKA AND THE LUKKA LANDS Since
Page 59 and 60: 7. ETHNOGENESIS OF THE GREEKS The d
Page 61 and 62:
the archaeological record by the Ma
Page 63 and 64:
adopting the then modern Indo-Aryan
Page 65 and 66:
Evidently, the Hyksos were a highly
Page 67:
linguistic features from an hypothe
Page 70 and 71:
have been Crete, since in the text
Page 72 and 73:
war 199 - a suggestion further emph
Page 74 and 75:
give and take a few dialectal reshu
Page 77 and 78:
In Homeros there are three indicati
Page 79 and 80:
Models The problem of Etruscan orig
Page 81 and 82:
7th century BC, is, considering the
Page 83 and 84:
(proto-)Villanovan is attested (cf.
Page 85 and 86:
sumed that the Etruscans have borro
Page 87:
grave of North Pontic steppe type,
Page 90 and 91:
Trojans, nor will they change their
Page 92 and 93:
“Venel Atelinas has given this to
Page 94 and 95:
as follows: 370 1. M(arce) Vnata
Page 96 and 97:
Fig. 17. Settlement of the Sea Peop
Page 98 and 99:
salian Gyrtone. 406 On the basis of
Page 100 and 101:
of their foundation of Kume, the Ai
Page 102 and 103:
Asherah, Ugaritic y-, -m)!”. 453
Page 104 and 105:
inhabitants of the Mesara plain at
Page 106 and 107:
sociated from that of Mls, a predec
Page 108 and 109:
found here. 513 It is interesting t
Page 110 and 111:
Fig. 21. Distribution of Trojan gre
Page 112 and 113:
The story continues with the Sherde
Page 114 and 115:
On the basis of the combined eviden
Page 116 and 117:
our identification of the Weshesh w
Page 118 and 119:
(Histories I, 57) reports, adopted
Page 120 and 121:
lesh are geographically based, bein
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX I: ON THE DECIPHERMENT OF
Page 125 and 126:
36. 5 005 191 TIWATA, [ti] PF 2 (35
Page 127 and 128:
Evans CHIC CL value attestation 64.
Page 129 and 130:
identical to Egyptian bi’ty “ki
Page 131 and 132:
# 258 # 271 # 296 # 309 1 2 3 1. 'y
Page 133:
# 314 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 'tá-PÁRA
Page 136 and 137:
52. “-ship” -®i- -c-, -- (pro)
Page 138 and 139:
59. 3rd pers. pl. pres./fut. -nt -n
Page 140 and 141:
pattern is formed by the G pl. in -
Page 142 and 143:
LUWIAN ROMAN INDIC GERMANIC F1 Tark
Page 144 and 145:
linguistic point of view, however,
Page 146 and 147:
meat) or as a sacred animal per se:
Page 148 and 149:
Behn, Friedrich, 1924, Hausurnen. B
Page 150 and 151:
tury B.C’. Orientalia 56. Pp. 1-3
Page 152 and 153:
Gardiner, Alan H., 1947, Ancient Eg
Page 154 and 155:
Ägäis und die Levante während de
Page 156 and 157:
terranean in the mid second millenn
Page 158 and 159:
occidentale. Studia Mediterranea 8.
Page 160 and 161:
Sommer, Ferdinand, 1932, Die A®®i
Page 162 and 163:
--- , 2004b, Woudhuizen, Fred C., S
Page 164 and 165:
hele andere etnische groep rekenen.
Page 167:
CURRICULUM VITAE VAN FREDERIK CHRIS
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