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assisted instruction and video technology, had a medium effect size of d = 0.52 on student achievement.<br />

References:<br />

Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. New York: Routledge.<br />

Marzano, R. J. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement.<br />

Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.<br />

WestEd. (n.d.). Research base: Using technology to support diverse learners. San Francisco, CA: Author. Available from<br />

http://www.wested.org/pub/docs/tdl/research.htm<br />

4.3 Teacher employs individual and collaborative learning strategies<br />

Aligns with InTASC Standard #8: Instructional Strategies. The <strong>teacher</strong> understands and uses a variety of instructional<br />

strategies to encourage learners to develop deep understanding of content areas and their connections, and to build<br />

skills to apply knowledge in meaningful ways.<br />

Hattie (2009) notes that there seems to be universal agreement that cooperative learning is effective, especially when<br />

contrasted with competitive and individualistic learning. Meta-analyses that compared cooperative learned versus<br />

heterogeneous classes showed a medium effect size of d = 0.41. The effect size for cooperative learning versus<br />

individualistic learning was d = 0.59. Cooperative learning was found to have a prime effect on enhancing interest and<br />

problem solving provided it is set up with high levels of peer involvement. Marzano et al. (2001) also cite several studies<br />

on the benefits of cooperative learning, particularly when a variety of criteria are used for grouping students. Flexible<br />

grouping strategies have been found to yield positive results on student learning (Castle, Deniz, & Tortora, 2005). A review<br />

of literature on self-regulated learning (Zumbrunn, Tadlock, & Roberts, 2011) showed that learning strategies such as<br />

independent reading practice were a valuable predictor of students’ reading comprehension scores.<br />

References:<br />

Castle, S., Deniz, C., & Tortora, M. (2005, February). Flexible grouping and student learning in a high-needs school.<br />

Education and Urban Society, 37(2), 139-150. Available from http://eus.sagepub.com/content/37/2/139<br />

Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. New York: Routledge.<br />

Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for<br />

increasing student achievement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.<br />

Zumbrunn, S., Tadlock, J., & Roberts, E. (2011, October). Encouraging self-regulated learning in the classroom: A review of<br />

the literature. Richmond, VA: Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium, Virginia Commonwealth University.<br />

Missouri’s EDuCATor EVALuATioN sYsTEM

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