The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction

Page 26 of 207 RIVM report 650270002
Caffeine
3.2 Caffeine
GENERAL
IUPAC systematic name:
Synonyms:3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, 1,3,7trimethylxanthine,
1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine, coffeine, thein, guaranine,
methyltheobromine, No-Doz, anhydrous caffeine, methyltheophylline (1, 2).
Molecular formula: C8H10N4O2 (1, 2)
Molecular structure
H3C
N
O CH3
N
O
N
CH3
N
Molecular weight: 194.19 g/mol (1, 2)
Alifatic: no
Aromatic: yes
N containing: 4
Halogen containing: no
CAS registry no.: 58-08-2 (1)
Storage:
R/S classification: R22, S(02) (3)
dangercode (transport): free (3)
Properties:
melting point: 234-239 ºC (1, 2)
boiling point: sublimation point is 178 - 180 ºC (1, 2)
density: d4 18 = 1.23 g/ml (1, 2).
refractive index: no data available
solubility: in water (1.0 g/46 ml at 20ºC, 1.0 g/5.5ml at 80 ºC, 1.0 g/1.5 ml at 100
ºC), ethanol (1.0 g/130ml, 1.0 g/22 ml at 60 ºC), acetone (1.0 g/50 ml),
chloroform (1.0 g/5.5 ml), diethylether (1.0 g/530 ml), benzene (1.0 g/100 ml at
20 ºC, 1.0 g/22 ml in boiling benzene), slightly soluble in petroleum ether (1).
One gram dissolves in 46 ml water, 5.5 ml water at 80 deg, 1.5 ml boiling water,
66 ml alcohol, 22 ml alcohol at 60 deg, 50 ml acetone, 5.5 ml chloroform, 530 ml
ether, 100 ml benzene, 22 ml boiling benzene. Freely soluble in pyrrole; in
tetrahydrofuran containing about 4% water; also soluble in ethyl acetate; slightly
in petroleum ether. Solubility in water is increased by alkali benzoates,
cinnamates, citrates or salicylates (2).
Substance description:
white (1, 2, 3)
crystalline powder (1)
odorless, slightly bitter taste (1)
volatility: sublimizes at 178 – 180 °C (2).
pKa: Ka = < 1.0 x 10 -14 at 25 ºC, Kb = 0.7 x 10 -14 at 19 ºC (1)
PA: kcal/mol: No data available
flammability: poorly flammable; increased flammability by heating (3)
FP = no data available