The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction
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The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction

The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction

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Page 192 of 207 RIVM report 650270002 Anandamide Pharmacology, 2001; 134(3):655-663. (18) Tucker RC, Kagaya M, Page CP, Spina D. The endogenous cannabinoid agonist, anandamide stimulates sensory nerves in guinea-pig airways. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2001; 132(5):1127-1135. (19) Craib SJ, Ellington HC, Pertwee RG, Ross RA. A possible role of lipoxygenase in the activation of vanilloid receptors by anandamide in the guinea-pig bronchus. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2001; 134(1):30-37. (20) Varga K, Lake KD, Huangfu DH, Guyenet PG, Kunos G. Mechanism of the hypotensive action of anandamide in anesthetized rats. Hypertension, 1996; 28(4):682-686. (21) Malinowska B, Kwolek G, Gothert M. Anandamide and methanandamide induce both vanilloid VR1-and cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated changes in heart rate and blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 2001; 364(6):562-569. (22) Stein EA, Fuller SA, Edgemond WS, Campbell WB. Physiological and behavioural effects of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), in the rat. British Journal of Pharmacology, 1996; 119(1):107- 114. (23) Jamshidi N, Taylor DA. Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2001; 134(6):1151-1154. (24) Williams CM, Kirkham TC. Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Psychopharmacology, 1999; 143(3):315- 317. (25) Hao S, Avraham Y, Mechoulam R, Berry EM. Low dose anandamide affects food intake, cognitive function, neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels in diet-restricted mice. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2000; 392(3):147-156. (26) Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoids and vascular function. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2000; 294(1):27-32. (27) Molderings GJ, Likungu J, Gothert M. Presynaptic cannabinoid and imidazoline receptors in the human heart and their potential relationship. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, 1999; 360(2):157-164. (28) Jaggar SI, Sellaturay S, Rice ASC. The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, but not the CB2 ligand palmitoylethanolamide, prevents the viscero-visceral hyperreflexia associated with inflammation of the rat urinary bladder. Neuroscience Letters, 1998; 253(2):123-126. (29) Raffa RB, Stone DJ, Hipp SJ. Differential cholera-toxin sensitivity of supraspinal antinociception induced by the cannabinoid agonists Delta(9)-THC, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide in mice. Neuroscience Letters, 1999; 263(1):29-

RIVM report 650270002 Page 193 of 207 Anandamide 32. (30) Vivian JA, Kishioka S, Butelman ER, Broadbear J, Lee KO, Woods JH. Analgesic, respiratory and heart rate effects of cannabinoid and opioid agonists in rhesus monkeys: Antagonist effects of SR 141716A. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1998; 286(2):697-703. (31) Izzo AA, Capasso R, Pinto L, Di Carlo G, Mascolo N, Capasso F. Effect of vanilloid drugs on gastrointestinal transit in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2001; 132(7):1411-1416. (32) Deutsch DG, Glaser ST, Howell JM, Kunz JS, Puffenbarger RA, Hillard CJ, Anbumrad N. The cellular uptake of anandamide is coupled to its breakdown by fatty-acid amide hydrolase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001; 276(10):6967-6973. (33) Felder CC, Nielsen A, Briley EM, Palkovits M, Priller J, Axelrod J, Nguyen DN, Richardson JM, Riggin RM, Koppel GA, Paul SM, Becker GW. Isolation and measurement of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, in brain and peripheral tissues of human and rat. Febs Letters, 1996; 393(2- 3):231-235. (34) Willoughby KA, Moore SF, Martin BR, Ellis EF. The biodisposition and metabolism of anandamide in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1997; 282(1):243-247. (35) Maccarrone M, vanderStelt M, Rossi A, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JFG, Agrio AF. Anandamide hydrolysis by human cells in culture and brain. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998; 273(48):32332-32339. (36) Sulcova E, Mechoulam R, Fride E. Biphasic effects of anandamide. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1998; 59(2):347-352. (37) Rubino T, Vigano D, Costa B, Colleoni M, Parolaro D. Loss of cannabinoidstimulated guanosine 5 '-O-(3-[S-35]thiotriphosphate) binding without receptor down-regulation in brain regions of anandamide-tolerant rats. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2000; 75(6):2478-2484. (38) Fride E, Mechoulam R. Developmental aspects of anandamide: ontogeny of response and prenatal exposure. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1996; 21(2):157- 172. (39) Fragkakis G, Probonas K, Giannikou P, Y, nnakakis N, Wenger T. The effects of anandamide (endogen cannabinoid) on prostaglandin synthesis in pregnant rat. Neuroendocrinol Lett, 1995; 17(4):271-279. (40) Wenger T, Fragkakis G, Giannikou P, Yiannikakis N. The effects of prenatally administered endogenous cannabinoid on rat offspring. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1997; 58(2):537-544. (41) Maccarrone M, De Petrocellis L, Bari M, Fezza F, Salvati S, Di M, V, Finazzi

Page 192 <strong>of</strong> 207 RIVM report 650270002<br />

Anandamide<br />

Pharmacology, 2001; 134(3):655-663.<br />

(18) Tucker RC, Kagaya M, Page CP, Spina D. <strong>The</strong> endogenous cannabinoid<br />

agonist, anandamide stimulates sensory nerves in guinea-pig airways. British<br />

Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 2001; 132(5):1127-1135.<br />

(19) Craib SJ, Elling<strong>to</strong>n HC, Pertwee RG, Ross RA. A possible role <strong>of</strong> lipoxygenase<br />

in the activation <strong>of</strong> vanilloid recep<strong>to</strong>rs by anandamide in the guinea-pig<br />

bronchus. British Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 2001; 134(1):30-37.<br />

(20) Varga K, Lake KD, Huangfu DH, Guyenet PG, Kunos G. Mechanism <strong>of</strong> the<br />

hypotensive action <strong>of</strong> anandamide in anesthetized rats. Hypertension, 1996;<br />

28(4):682-686.<br />

(21) Malinowska B, Kwolek G, Gothert M. Anandamide and methanandamide<br />

induce both vanilloid VR1-and cannabinoid CB1 recep<strong>to</strong>r-mediated changes in<br />

heart rate and blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs<br />

Archives <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 2001; 364(6):562-569.<br />

(22) Stein EA, Fuller SA, Edgemond WS, Campbell WB. Physiological and<br />

behavioural effects <strong>of</strong> the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonylethanolamide<br />

(anandamide), in the rat. British Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 1996; 119(1):107-<br />

114.<br />

(23) Jamshidi N, Taylor DA. Anandamide administration in<strong>to</strong> the ventromedial<br />

hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats. British Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology,<br />

2001; 134(6):1151-1154.<br />

(24) Williams CM, Kirkham TC. Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by<br />

central cannabinoid (CB1) recep<strong>to</strong>rs. Psychopharmacology, 1999; 143(3):315-<br />

317.<br />

(25) Hao S, Avraham Y, Mechoulam R, Berry EM. Low dose anandamide affects<br />

food intake, cognitive function, neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels in<br />

diet-restricted mice. European Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 2000; 392(3):147-156.<br />

(26) Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoids and vascular function. Journal <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology<br />

and Experimental <strong>The</strong>rapeutics, 2000; 294(1):27-32.<br />

(27) Molderings GJ, Likungu J, Gothert M. Presynaptic cannabinoid and imidazoline<br />

recep<strong>to</strong>rs in the human heart and their potential relationship. Naunyn<br />

Schmiedebergs Archives <strong>of</strong> Pharmacology, 1999; 360(2):157-164.<br />

(28) Jaggar SI, Sellaturay S, Rice ASC. <strong>The</strong> endogenous cannabinoid anandamide,<br />

but not the CB2 ligand palmi<strong>to</strong>ylethanolamide, prevents the viscero-visceral<br />

hyperreflexia associated with inflammation <strong>of</strong> the rat urinary bladder.<br />

Neuroscience Letters, 1998; 253(2):123-126.<br />

(29) Raffa RB, S<strong>to</strong>ne DJ, Hipp SJ. Differential cholera-<strong>to</strong>xin sensitivity <strong>of</strong><br />

supraspinal antinociception induced by the cannabinoid agonists Delta(9)-THC,<br />

WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide in mice. Neuroscience Letters, 1999; 263(1):29-

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