The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction

RIVM report 650270002 Page 161 of 207
Octopamine
vapour pressure (50 °C): no data available
relative density: no data available
octanol water partition coefficient, log P, log KOW: -0.90 (2)
conversion factor: not relevant
Critical assessment
Octopamine is counted as a pharmaceutical substance (4). It is a metabolite of
tyramine (-hydroxylated tyramine), and as such it contains an additional chemical
functional group compared to tyramine, namely an alifatic alcohol group. Hence, it is
likely that octopamine will be more polar than tyramine, and most probably it wll be
more solvable in water.
Most probably, the tyramine-like structure of the molecule dominates it chemical
character, especially the presence of the amine group and the phenolic hydroxyl.
group. The dominance of the amine group is reflected in its product form, namely as
its hydrochloride salt.
Conclusion
Octopamine is a biogenic amine, being the phenol analog of noradrenaline.
Octopamine is closely related to tyramine, it namely is -hydroxylated tyramine.
Octopamine is presented as product commonly, it is in salt form (hydrochloride).
FUNCTION IN TOBACCO
No data available.
AMOUNT IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Octopamine is a component of cocoa (5), which is used as a flavouring agent in
tobacco products. No data are available on the octopamine level in cocoa and in
tobacco products.
AMOUNT IN SMOKE
No data are available on octopamine level in smoke.
main stream
side stream
SOURCE
Octopamine is a component of cocoa (5), which is used as a flavouring agent.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE
Octopamine is a natural component in cocoa (5) and in citrus fruit (6). The
environmental level and human exposure is unknown.
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
No data available.
CONSENSUS REPORTS
No data available.
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ADI: No data available.