The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction

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Page 160 of 207 RIVM report 650270002 Octopamine 3.9 Octopamine GENERAL IUPAC systematic name: Benzyl alcohol, alpha-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxy-; octopamine (1) Synonyms: alpha-(Aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol; Analet; Benzenemethanol, alpha-(aminomethyl)-4-hydroxy-; 1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2aminoethanol; p-Hydroxyphenylethanolamine; ND 50; Norden; Norfen; Norphen; Norsympathol; Norsynephrine; Octapamine; Paraoxyphenyl aminoethanol (1) Molecular formula: C8H11NO2 (2) Molecular structure HO N H 2 OH Molecular weight: 153.18 g/mol (2) Alifatic: ethylgroup (2) Aromatic: phenyl group (2) N containing: amine group (2) Halogen containing: no CAS registry no.: 104-14-3 (2) Storage: R/S classification: no data available dangercode (transport): no data available Properties: melting point: crystals of the D-form molecule change at about 160 ºC to a compound which melts above 250 ºC (3) boiling point: no data available density: no data available refractive index: -37.4º in water of the D-form at 25 ºC (3) solubility: 1 g/ml (2) substance description: no data available color: no data available liquid/gas/powder: crystals (3) odor/taste: no data available volatility: no data available pKa: 8.81 (2) PA: no data available flammability: no data available FP = no data available FL Limits = no data available IT = no data available decomposition temperature: no data available stability: no data available vapour pressure/ vapour tension (20 °C): 2.5 10 -5 mmHg (3.3 10 -3 Pa) at 25ºC (2)
RIVM report 650270002 Page 161 of 207 Octopamine vapour pressure (50 °C): no data available relative density: no data available octanol water partition coefficient, log P, log KOW: -0.90 (2) conversion factor: not relevant Critical assessment Octopamine is counted as a pharmaceutical substance (4). It is a metabolite of tyramine (-hydroxylated tyramine), and as such it contains an additional chemical functional group compared to tyramine, namely an alifatic alcohol group. Hence, it is likely that octopamine will be more polar than tyramine, and most probably it wll be more solvable in water. Most probably, the tyramine-like structure of the molecule dominates it chemical character, especially the presence of the amine group and the phenolic hydroxyl. group. The dominance of the amine group is reflected in its product form, namely as its hydrochloride salt. Conclusion Octopamine is a biogenic amine, being the phenol analog of noradrenaline. Octopamine is closely related to tyramine, it namely is -hydroxylated tyramine. Octopamine is presented as product commonly, it is in salt form (hydrochloride). FUNCTION IN TOBACCO No data available. AMOUNT IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS Octopamine is a component of cocoa (5), which is used as a flavouring agent in tobacco products. No data are available on the octopamine level in cocoa and in tobacco products. AMOUNT IN SMOKE No data are available on octopamine level in smoke. main stream side stream SOURCE Octopamine is a component of cocoa (5), which is used as a flavouring agent. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE Octopamine is a natural component in cocoa (5) and in citrus fruit (6). The environmental level and human exposure is unknown. COMBUSTION PRODUCTS No data available. CONSENSUS REPORTS No data available. STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ADI: No data available.
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