The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction
The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction
The Contribution of cocoa additive to cigarette smoking addiction
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Page 104 <strong>of</strong> 207 RIVM report 650270002<br />
Tryp<strong>to</strong>phan<br />
It can be concluded that the tryp<strong>to</strong>phan amount in <strong>cigarette</strong> is negligible compared<br />
with the large amount <strong>of</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan daily intake. Tryp<strong>to</strong>phan is an essentiel<br />
compound in the diet and it plays an important role in the body. Tryp<strong>to</strong>phan itself<br />
seems <strong>to</strong> be safe but <strong>of</strong> concern are the pyrolysis products <strong>of</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan that are<br />
produced during <strong>smoking</strong>. <strong>The</strong>se products seem <strong>to</strong> be hazardous. <strong>The</strong>re are no data<br />
available on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and <strong>to</strong>xicology after inhalation<br />
exposure.<br />
Since no data on the <strong>to</strong>xicological effects <strong>of</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan exposure through inhalation<br />
are available, the influence <strong>of</strong> (long-term) exposure <strong>to</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan through <strong>smoking</strong><br />
on the respira<strong>to</strong>ry system cannot be established. For <strong>smoking</strong> the complex and<br />
potential hazardous derivatives <strong>of</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan in smoke seems <strong>to</strong> be relevant.<br />
More studies are needed on:<br />
- the determination <strong>of</strong> pyrolysis and combustion products <strong>of</strong> tryp<strong>to</strong>phan in <strong>cigarette</strong><br />
smoke and their health risk.<br />
- the local (respira<strong>to</strong>ry system) and the systemic effects <strong>of</strong> long-term use <strong>of</strong><br />
tryp<strong>to</strong>phan.<br />
Date this sheet was generated<br />
Based on literature available in august 2001.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
(1) tryp<strong>to</strong>phan Martindale. MARTINDALE - <strong>The</strong> Complete Drug Reference<br />
Browser version 2.00.000. 2001. Micromedex Inc. Electronic Version.<br />
(2) <strong>The</strong> Merck Index. Electronic Version 12:1, 1996. Chapman & Hall EPD.<br />
(3) Brandweerinformatiecentrum voor gevaarlijke st<strong>of</strong>fen (BIG). Electronic<br />
version 9.0, 2001. Belgium.<br />
(4) Handbook <strong>of</strong> Chemistry and Physics. 79th edition . 1999. CRC, Electronic<br />
version by William Andrew Publishing, USA.<br />
(5) Tryp<strong>to</strong>phan ChemData Merck Catalog. ChemData, <strong>The</strong> Merck Chemical<br />
Database [2.1.1, Edition 2000'1*NL]. 2001. Electronic version.<br />
(6) Heinemann G, Schievelbein H, Eberhagen D, Rahlfs V. Der Einfluss von<br />
Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von<br />
Phaochromozy<strong>to</strong>m, Neuroblas<strong>to</strong>m und Karzinoid-Syndrom. [<strong>The</strong> influence <strong>of</strong><br />
different diets and <strong>smoking</strong> on the clinical chemical diagnosis <strong>of</strong><br />
pheochromocy<strong>to</strong>ma, neuroblas<strong>to</strong>ma, and carcinoid syndrome (author's<br />
transl)]. Klin Wochenschr, 1981; 59(20):1165-1173.<br />
(7) H.J.Smit and P.J.Rogers. Potentially psychoactive constituents <strong>of</strong> <strong>cocoa</strong>containing<br />
products. In: Hethering<strong>to</strong>n, edi<strong>to</strong>r. Food Addictions and Craving.<br />
Surrey: Leatherhead Food RA Publishing, 2001.<br />
(8) Rogers PJ, Smit HJ. Food craving and food "<strong>addiction</strong>": A critical review <strong>of</strong>
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