Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies
Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies
ANCIENT GEORGIA Merab Khalvashi Batumi State University and the Archaeological Museum. Georgia Imported Amphorae at Pitchvnari The study of the amphorae discovered in ancient cemeteries and cities (Kios, Thassos, Lesbos, Mende, Heraclea, Sinope, etc) has yielded substantial evidence that help to establish a type and intensity of relations that the region had with the outside world. The import of amphorae into Pitchvnari is related to the Greek settlement founded that was following the Attic colonization. The materials unearthed on the settlement site and the necropolis related to it, suggest that the import of amphorae began in Pitchvnari in the 470-460s BC and lasted until approximately 330 BC. The relations were characterised by different degrees of intensity becoming relatively regular from the first quarter of the fifth century BC. In the early years of the third quarter and in the fourth quarter Colchis was engaged in intensive relations with the outside world. Kios and Thassos played a key role in this relationship. The statistical correlation between the amphorae found in fifth to fourth century Greek cemeteries and those unearthed in the fifth century Colchian cemeteries confirms the presence of commercial ties between the aforementioned centres and the Greek colony of Pitchvnari. It appears that the works reached the local population thanks to the trade ties with Greek communities. Irine Varshalomidze Batumi State University and the Archaeological Museum. Georgia Roman Coins from Gonio-Apsaros Gonio-Apsaros is one of the most important sites of the southeast Black Sea littoral. Numismatic finds provide a primary source for the study of political and commercial characteristics of urban life in Apsaros. From 1995 to 2007, the archaeological expedition at Gonio-Apsaros unearthed more than 150 Roman coins. The study of these coins offers the following findings on the political and commercial connections relevant to the flow of coins to the region: The first group comprises 29 coins from the first century, 15 of which were struck in Antioch, four in the kingdom of Pontus, two in Rome, two in Lugdunum, and one each in Bosporus, Judea, Gadara and Ephesus. Most of the coins are of copper. Numismatic evidence points to the political and economic relations between Apsaros and Syria during the second half of the first century; The second group is represented by 36 coins minted in the second century, of which 15 were struck in Rome, 13 in Caesarea, two in eastern mint, three in Trebizond, and one in Neocaesarea. Most of these coins are of silver; The third group united 38 coins, of which 23 were minted in Caesarea, five in Rome, three in Trebizond, two in Thessalonica and one in Sinope. The period between the first and the third centuries saw the advance of urban life. The study of the numismatic evidence has shown that Apsaros was then under the influence of Asia Minor. It also appears that it had most intense political and economic relations with Cappadocia and the southern cities and towns of the Black Sea coast. 49
50 ANCIENT GEORGIA Shota Mamuladze, Emzar Kakhidze Batumi State University and the Archaeological Museum. Georgia Apsaros – The Roman Cultural Centre at the Eastern Black Sea Coast Southwest Georgia has two important centres of the Antiquity: Pitchvnari and Apsaros. The site of Pitchvnari emerged as a result of Greek colonization, in the fifth century BC. There is enough archaeological evidence to assume that local and Greek communities had close economic and cultural relations, which were further reinforced in the Hellenistic period. Built in the last quarter of the first century AD, the fort Apsaros served military and strategic purposes for the Romans and, therefore, was less engaged in contacts with the local population. Various structures of the fort (barracks, principia) reveal a profound influence of the Colchian building tradition, which is due to specific local climate. However, a negligible portion of the archaeological evidence we obtained also shows the influence of local pottery traditions. It is obvious that Roman culture had a much broader impact. This can be attested by a wellknown treasure of Gonio, which dates from the first to second century AD. However, it is difficult to observe Roman influence on ceramics, as opposed to objects dating from the Classical and Hellenistic periods in which the impact of those cultures is more pronounced.
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- Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS Preface Nikoloz Vacheishvi
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- Page 38 and 39: I SECTION ANCIENT GEORGIA
- Page 40 and 41: ANCIENT GEORGIA Nino Shanshashvili,
- Page 42 and 43: ANCIENT GEORGIA Mikheil Abramishvil
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- Page 46 and 47: ANCIENT GEORGIA the fourth arch (pl
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50<br />
ANCIENT GEORGIA<br />
Shota Mamuladze, Emzar Kakhidze<br />
Batumi State University and the Archaeological Museum. Georgia<br />
Apsaros – The Roman <strong>Cultural</strong> Centre at the Eastern Black Sea Coast<br />
Southwest Georgia has two important centres of the Antiquity: Pitchvnari and Apsaros. The site<br />
of Pitchvnari emerged as a result of Greek colonization, in the fifth century BC. There is enough<br />
archaeological evidence to assume that local and Greek communities had close economic and<br />
cultural relations, which were further rein<strong>for</strong>ced in the Hellenistic period.<br />
Built in the last quarter of the first century AD, the <strong>for</strong>t Apsaros served military and strategic<br />
purposes <strong>for</strong> the Romans and, there<strong>for</strong>e, was less engaged in contacts with the local population.<br />
Various structures of the <strong>for</strong>t (barracks, principia) reveal a profound influence of the Colchian<br />
building tradition, which is due to specific local climate. However, a negligible portion of the<br />
archaeological evidence we obtained also shows the influence of local pottery traditions.<br />
It is obvious that Roman culture had a much broader impact. This can be attested by a wellknown<br />
treasure of Gonio, which dates from the first to second century AD. However, it is difficult<br />
to observe Roman influence on ceramics, as opposed to objects dating from the Classical and<br />
Hellenistic periods in which the impact of those cultures is more pronounced.