Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies
Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies Abstracts - International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies
modernizmi saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli tragikuli bedidanac. mas, romlis droiTi sazRvrebi sul ori aTwleulia, (1910-1920-iani wlebi), dReisaTvis mcire niSac ar ukavia msoflios/dasavleTis modernizmis istoriaSi. amis mizezi saqarTvelos politikur-kulturuli mdgomareobaa - erTi mxriv, sabWouri 1930-iani wlebidan, zogadad modernistuli xelovneba, Tavad rusuli revoluciuri avangardic ki, ukve represirebulia. meore mxriv, 1921 wels aneqsirebuli saqarTvelos kulturam erTiani sabWouri kulturul-esTetikuri sivrcis Seqmnis mizniT lokalurad, Tavad saqarTveloSic ki, ara Tu mis sazRvrebs miRma, akrZalvebis Sedegad marginalizacia ganicada. sabWoTa kulturis politikis mier erovnuli kulturebis marginalizacias darTulma modernizmis akrZalvam Cveni mexsierebidan srulad amoSala XX saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli saxelovnebo cxovreba. Cven axla viwyebT ara Tu am fenomenis gaazrebas istoriul-RirebulebiTi, mxatvrul-RirebulebiTi TvalsazrisiT, aramed faqtobrivi masalebis aRmoCena-aRwera-dokumentaciasac ki. arsebobs kidev erTi Seferxeba, rac modernisti mxatvrebis Semoqmedebis interpretacias, maT arazust konteqstSi ganTavsebas Seexeba: sabWour periodSi represiebs fizikurad gadarCenili modernistebis 1910-20-iani wlebis Semoqmedeba gasagebi garemoebebis gamo ganixileboda axalgazrda mxatvarTa modernizmiT erTgvari “gatacebis” periodad, sabWoTa periods Tanxvedrili maTi represirebuli xelovneba ki, erTgvar evoluciur-ganviTarebad WrilSi warmodgnideboda, da Zalauneburad socialisturi realizmis konteqstSi Tavsdeboda. dRes es ase aRar aris, magram jer-jerobiT mainc ar xdeba am ori mdgomareobis - modernulisa da socialistur-komunisturis, konceftualurad Tu konteqstualurad urTierTgamijnva, rac moitans Tavad tfilisuri modernizmis reabilitacias, misi mxatvruli da istoriuli Rirebulebebis gansazRvras; meore - sabWouri sistemis mier Seqmnili da dRemde moqmedi kulturuli da saxelovnebo ierarqiis demontaJs. moxsenebaSi identurobis konteqstSi daismeba erTi problema kategoriaTa WriliT. esaa sivrcis kategoria: romeli sivrcea tfilisuri modernizmisTvis faseuli; rogori mniSvnelobisaa igi dro-sivrcis urTierTobis modernistul konteqstSi. sivrcis gaazrebis specifika asaxavs tfilisuri modernizmis erT Taviseburebas. moxseneba daeyrdnoba SedarebiT analizs: 1. Tanadroul dasavlur da rusul masalasTan da, 2. qarTuli Sua saukuneebis arqiteqturasa da kedlis mxatvrobasTan. moSveliebuli iqneba rogorc evropuli Sua saukuneebis, ise bizantiuri arqiteqturisa da mxatvrobis nimuSebi. ana SanSiaSvili xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. saqarTvelo niko firosmanaSvilis ferwera XIX s-is bolosa da XX s-is dasawyisis evropuli mxatvrobis konteqstSi qarTuli ferweris erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani figuris _ niko firosmanaSvilis Semoqmedebas mravali iseTi Tavisebureba axasiaTebs, rac mis mxatvrobas XIX s-is bolosa da XX s-is dasawyisis evropuli xelovnebis sxvadasxva mimdinareobebTan akavSirebs. cnobilia, rom firosmanaSvils xSirad TviTnaswavl “naiv” an “primitivist” mxatvrad ganixilaven, Tumca mkvlevarTa umetesoba aRiarebs qarTveli mxatvris Semoqmede- 99
modernizmi saqarTveloSi bis gansakuTrebul siRrmes da mravalmxrivobas - firosmanis figuris mniSvnelobas erTiorad zrdis is, rom qarTveli mxatvari Tavisi Semoqmedebis manZilze sruliad damoukideblad, intuitiurad mivida imave mxatvrul principebamde, romlebsac amave periodis dasavleT evropaSi mTeli mxatvruli skolebi da mimdinareobebi amuSavebdnen. qarTvel mxatvars gamoarCevs detalisa da mTlianobis erTdroulad SegrZnebis Tandayolili unari. mis namuSevrebSi ukugdebulia bevri detali, rac mis mier Seqmnil saxeebs pirobiT, monumentur, zogjer erTgvar “abstraqtul” saxeebad warmogvidgens. es principi mas evropuli modernizmis sxvadasxva mimdinareobebTan anaTesavebs: cnobilia, rom formis “sisufTavis”, sisadavis problema Tanamedrove mxatvrobis erT-erT umTavres principad iqca. mTavari, formis naturalisturad asaxvis nacvlad, asaxulis arsis wvdoma da garkveuli deformaciiT, meorexarisxovani detalebis nivelirebiT Tu pirobiTobis xarisxis gazrdiT misi warmoCena gaxda. swored es principi, romelic TvalsaCinod da Taviseburadaa gamovlenili firosmanis SemoqmedebaSi safuZvlad daedo Tanamedrove xelovnebis sxvadasxva mimdinareobas: esqpresionizs, kubizms, abstraqcionizms da a.S. p. sezanis, matisisa da derenis muSaobis stils mogvagonebs niko firosmanaSvils farTo monasmi, weris Tavisufali manera, erTi amosunTqviT muSaoba. P. sezanis muSaobis teqnikasTan msgavsebaze miuTiTebs firosmanis Sav muSambaze xatvis manerac. cnobilia, rom p. sezani Tavis mxatvrobaSi tilos TeTr fers iseve iyenebda, rogorc amas niko Savi muSambis SemTxvevaSi akeTebda _ rodesac Savi feri sWirdeboda, fonad Tavisufal adgils tovebda. amave kavSirze miuTiTebs mxatvris mier sxvadasxva ferebisTvis miniWebuli simboluri mniSvneloba, rac Tanamedrove evropuli mxatvrobis sxvadasxva mimdinareobebis: postimpresionizmis, simbolizmis Tu abstraqcionizmisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. igive SeiZleba iTqvas naxatSi warwerebis damoukidebel kompoziciur elementad CarTvze, rac evropaSi pirvelad 1911 wels kubistebma gamoiyenes. mxatvrobis Tavisufali teqnika, kompoziciis sisadave, feris mniSvneloba Tu warwerebis gamoyeneba niko firosmanaSvils modernizmis epoqis mowinave mxatvarTa rigSi ayenebs. nestan TaTaraSvili damoukidebeli mkvlevari. saqarTvelo evropuli kulturuli memkvidreoba - modernis stilis arqiteqtura saqarTveloSi XIX s-is dasasruls evropaSi Camoyalibebuli axali stili, romelsac saqarTveloSi moderns vuwodebT, sxvadasxva saxeliT - Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secession, Modernista, Liberty da sxv. swrafad damkvidrda msoflios bevr qveyanaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. sxva stilebisgan gansxvavebiT, moderni ar gvTavazobs winaswar SemuSavebul da dadgenil formebs. is gamoricxavda meqanikur gameorebas da iTxovda mxolod sakuTari ideebisa da Temebis Tavisufal improvizacias, rasac Cvenma ostatebma warmatebiT gaarTves Tavi. saqarTveloSi modernis stiliT Sendeboda ara marto dedaqalaq TbilisSi, aramed sxva, SedarebiT patara qalaqebSi: soxumSi, baTumSi, foTSi, quTaisSi, gagraSi, axal aTonSi, qobuleTSi, duSeTSi. 100
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modernizmi saqarTveloSi<br />
bis gansakuTrebul siRrmes da mravalmxrivobas - firosmanis figuris mniSvnelobas<br />
erTiorad zrdis is, rom qarTveli mxatvari Tavisi Semoqmedebis manZilze sruliad<br />
damoukideblad, intuitiurad mivida imave mxatvrul principebamde, romlebsac<br />
amave periodis dasavleT evropaSi mTeli mxatvruli skolebi da mimdinareobebi<br />
amuSavebdnen.<br />
qarTvel mxatvars gamoarCevs detalisa da mTlianobis erTdroulad SegrZnebis Tandayolili<br />
unari. mis namuSevrebSi ukugdebulia bevri detali, rac mis mier Seqmnil<br />
saxeebs pirobiT, monumentur, zogjer erTgvar “abstraqtul” saxeebad warmogvidgens.<br />
es principi mas evropuli modernizmis sxvadasxva mimdinareobebTan anaTesavebs: cnobilia,<br />
rom <strong>for</strong>mis “sisufTavis”, sisadavis problema Tanamedrove mxatvrobis erT-erT<br />
umTavres principad iqca. mTavari, <strong>for</strong>mis naturalisturad asaxvis nacvlad, asaxulis<br />
arsis wvdoma da garkveuli de<strong>for</strong>maciiT, meorexarisxovani detalebis nivelirebiT<br />
Tu pirobiTobis xarisxis gazrdiT misi warmoCena gaxda. swored es principi, romelic<br />
TvalsaCinod da Taviseburadaa gamovlenili firosmanis SemoqmedebaSi safuZvlad<br />
daedo Tanamedrove xelovnebis sxvadasxva mimdinareobas: esqpresionizs, kubizms,<br />
abstraqcionizms da a.S.<br />
p. sezanis, matisisa da derenis muSaobis stils mogvagonebs niko firosmanaSvils<br />
farTo monasmi, weris Tavisufali manera, erTi amosunTqviT muSaoba. P. sezanis muSaobis<br />
teqnikasTan msgavsebaze miuTiTebs firosmanis Sav muSambaze xatvis manerac. cnobilia,<br />
rom p. sezani Tavis mxatvrobaSi tilos TeTr fers iseve iyenebda, rogorc amas niko<br />
Savi muSambis SemTxvevaSi akeTebda _ rodesac Savi feri sWirdeboda, fonad Tavisufal<br />
adgils tovebda.<br />
amave kavSirze miuTiTebs mxatvris mier sxvadasxva ferebisTvis miniWebuli simboluri<br />
mniSvneloba, rac Tanamedrove evropuli mxatvrobis sxvadasxva mimdinareobebis:<br />
postimpresionizmis, simbolizmis Tu abstraqcionizmisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.<br />
igive SeiZleba iTqvas naxatSi warwerebis damoukidebel kompoziciur elementad<br />
CarTvze, rac evropaSi pirvelad 1911 wels kubistebma gamoiyenes.<br />
mxatvrobis Tavisufali teqnika, kompoziciis sisadave, feris mniSvneloba Tu<br />
warwerebis gamoyeneba niko firosmanaSvils modernizmis epoqis mowinave mxatvarTa<br />
rigSi ayenebs.<br />
nestan TaTaraSvili<br />
damoukidebeli mkvlevari. saqarTvelo<br />
evropuli kulturuli memkvidreoba - modernis stilis arqiteqtura saqarTveloSi<br />
XIX s-is dasasruls evropaSi Camoyalibebuli axali stili, romelsac saqarTveloSi<br />
moderns vuwodebT, sxvadasxva saxeliT - Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secession, Modernista, Liberty<br />
da sxv. swrafad damkvidrda msoflios bevr qveyanaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. sxva<br />
stilebisgan gansxvavebiT, moderni ar gvTavazobs winaswar SemuSavebul da dadgenil<br />
<strong>for</strong>mebs. is gamoricxavda meqanikur gameorebas da iTxovda mxolod sakuTari ideebisa<br />
da Temebis Tavisufal improvizacias, rasac Cvenma ostatebma warmatebiT gaarTves<br />
Tavi.<br />
saqarTveloSi modernis stiliT Sendeboda ara marto dedaqalaq TbilisSi, aramed<br />
sxva, SedarebiT patara qalaqebSi: soxumSi, baTumSi, foTSi, quTaisSi, gagraSi, axal<br />
aTonSi, qobuleTSi, duSeTSi.<br />
100
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