Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides Part 1 - ICRP

3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
DRAFT REPORT FOR CONSULTATION
radionuclides were assigned either to bone surface or bone volume, depending on
their main sites of retention in bone as indicated by available data.
(211) The systemic biokinetic models of Publication 30 were intended primarily for
calculation of dose per unit intake for planning purposes rather than for retrospective
evaluation of doses. For some elements these systemic biokinetic models were
developed separately from ICRP’s concurrent bioassay models. For example, urinary
and faecal excretion models for plutonium, americium, and curium recommended in
Publication 54 (ICRP, 1988) were derived independently of the concurrent systemic
biokinetic model for these elements shown in Figure 17.
(212)
Figure 17. Systemic biokinetic model for plutonium, americium, and curium recommended in
Publication 30, Part 4 (ICRP, 1988). This illustrates the one-directional flow of systemic
activity depicted in models of Publication 30 and, for many radionuclides, in later ICRP
documents on occupational or environmental exposure to radionuclides.
(213) A series of ICRP reports on doses to members of the public from intake of
radionuclides (ICRP, 1989, 1993b, 1995a,c, 1996) provided age-specific systemic
biokinetic models for selected radioisotopes of 31 elements: hydrogen, carbon,
sulphur, calcium, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, selenium, strontium, zirconium, niobium,
molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, silver, antimony, tellurium, iodine, caesium,
barium, cerium, lead, polonium, radium, thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium,
americium, and curium. Those reports are referred to here as the Publication 72 series,
after the summary document that concluded the series (ICRP, 1996). Most of the
systemic biokinetic models in the Publication 72 series followed the same modelling
scheme as applied in Publication 30 and illustrated in Figure 17, except that explicit
excretion pathways were included in reports completed after the issue of Publication
60. These pathways were included to allow the assessment of doses to the urinary
bladder and colon, both of which were assigned tissue weighting factors in
Publication 60. A different modelling scheme involving more realistic paths of
movement of systemic radionuclides was applied in the Publication 72 series to iron
89