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[u] . In the following words, [u] is replaced by [«*»]. rukok 'cigarette,' ruqoe 'to suffer a loss,' and mupakat 'to confer' are pronounced fru^kokl, fr»** goal, and fmmpakatl . These distinguishing characteristics are not shared by a large portion of Pidie in the east bordering on North Aceh. Beginning from Trieng Gadeng to the east, the dialect used is the same as the dialect of North Aceh. In the western part, in the direction of Banda Aceh, beginning from Padangtiji, people speak a dialect which does not have the features specific to Pidie dialect as mentioned above, which makes it very similar to North Aceh dialect. Next to Pidie dialect to the east is the dialect of North Aceh, which covers two kabupatens, North Aceh and East Aceh. This dialect is relatively phonologically homogeneous. There are some differences in the usage of certain words here and there, for example, abang 'elder brother' and cutda 'elder sister' are more common in the areas to the east of Bireuen, dalent 'elder brother' and cutpo 'elder sister' are more common in the areas to the west of Bireuen. North Aceh dialect is marked by the use of the pronoun long 'I,' which is not found in either Greater Aceh or Pidie, except in the eastern portion of Pidie where the dialect is similar to North Aceh dialect. In Greater Aceh and Pidie, people use Ion '!•' This pronoun is also used in North Aceh dialect, but is considered the polite form of long. North Aceh dialect is not phonologically marked, that is, unlike Greater Aceh dialect, it does does not have a
special sound that is not shared by at least one of the other three dialects, and unlike Pidie dialect, it does not change [«*] into [u] and [u] into [ u» ] in the initial syllable of two-syllable words as shown in the examples in the paragraphs dealing with Pidie dialect, and it does not change the single vowels [a], [u], [o], and [a] into [ai], [ui], [pi], and [ si] when these vowels are followed by [h] in a final syllable. In this cases, the North Aceh dialect is in accord with the other two major dialects. The fourth major dialect is West Aceh dialect, which is on the west coast of Aceh, to the south of Greater Aceh dialect. This dialect is used in two kabupatens, West Aceh and South Aceh. Most speakers here are bilingual, speaking both Acehnese and the language of Aneuk Jamee (Basa Aneuk Jamee). This dialect is very similar to the dialect of North Aceh, except for the intonation, which has been influenced by the language of Aneuk Jamee. This dialect also uses both the pronouns long and Ion. The similarity between this dialect to North Aceh dialect is so close that when a speaker from North Aceh dialect meets and talks with a speaker of this dialect, he cannot immediately realize that he is talking with somebody from a different dialect. He may realize it only when he hears a special expression with a special intonation, which is specific to West Aceh dialect, an intonation similar to the intonation in an equivalent sentence in Minangkabau. If the North Aceh speaker is familiar with this dialect, he
- Page 1: ->*- - l£iOEt4
- Page 5 and 6: A contextual grammar of Acehnese se
- Page 7: INFORMATION TO USERS While the most
- Page 11: A CONTEXTUAL GRAMMAR OF ACEHNESE SE
- Page 14 and 15: For my wife and my children ii
- Page 16 and 17: found a way to help me. With Prof.
- Page 18 and 19: TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii ACK
- Page 20 and 21: 3.3.1 Subject 149 3.3.2 Predicate 1
- Page 22 and 23: Table LIST OF TABLES 1. Pronouns 40
- Page 24 and 25: Meulaboh) and in South Aceh (Capita
- Page 26 and 27: North Aceh dialect. The Greater Ace
- Page 30 and 31: 8 will be able to tell that the oth
- Page 32 and 33: 10 nothing much to add to what Duri
- Page 34 and 35: 12 Other important points in the th
- Page 36 and 37: 1.4.1 Phonetic Inventory 14 Acehnes
- Page 38 and 39: 16 In addition to single consonants
- Page 40 and 41: 18 Besides single vowels, there are
- Page 42 and 43: 20 which is [rapa?i] 'traditional A
- Page 44 and 45: a). [w] is written as an. 22 beukah
- Page 46 and 47: 'i 'e [iii]. Diphthongs 24 Nasal Vo
- Page 48 and 49: 26 1.4.3 Writing Borrowed Words Man
- Page 50 and 51: (ii) PP's: 28 di rumoh* 'in house (
- Page 52 and 53: 30 except those marked as unaccepta
- Page 54 and 55: 32 ethnography, the dialects, previ
- Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2 DERIVATION OF FOUR CLASSE
- Page 58 and 59: 2.1 Nouns 36 Nouns are such words a
- Page 60 and 61: 38 pronouns are usually made into p
- Page 62 and 63: Person Pronouns 40 Table 1: Pronoun
- Page 64 and 65: 42 4. t'oh 'which, any,' beurangkat
- Page 66 and 67: 44 3. Aneuk nyan saket-jifl. Child
- Page 68 and 69: 46 not any grammatical process comp
- Page 70 and 71: 48 '"Teungku" from Bayu.' The follo
- Page 72 and 73: 50 kai 'a fourth of an are' gantano
- Page 74 and 75: 52 23. Peuet bak bak u payah koh. F
- Page 76 and 77: 54 30. Limong go on bubong treuk ka
special sound that is not shared by at least one of the<br />
other three dialects, and unlike Pidie dialect, it does not<br />
change [«*] into [u] and [u] into [ u» ] in the initial<br />
syllable of two-syllable words as shown in the examples in<br />
the paragraphs dealing with Pidie dialect, and it does not<br />
change the single vowels [a], [u], [o], and [a] into [ai],<br />
[ui], [pi], and [ si] when these vowels are followed by [h]<br />
in a final syllable. In this cases, the North Aceh dialect<br />
is in accord with the other two major dialects.<br />
The fourth major dialect is West Aceh dialect, which is<br />
on the west coast of Aceh, to the south of Greater Aceh<br />
dialect. This dialect is used in two kabupatens, West Aceh<br />
and South Aceh. Most speakers here are bilingual, speaking<br />
both Acehnese and the language of Aneuk Jamee (Basa Aneuk<br />
Jamee). This dialect is very similar to the dialect of North<br />
Aceh, except for the intonation, which has been influenced<br />
by the language of Aneuk Jamee. This dialect also uses both<br />
the pronouns long and Ion.<br />
The similarity between this dialect to North Aceh<br />
dialect is so close that when a speaker from North Aceh<br />
dialect meets and talks with a speaker of this dialect, he<br />
cannot immediately realize that he is talking with somebody<br />
from a different dialect. He may realize it only when he<br />
hears a special expression with a special intonation, which<br />
is specific to West Aceh dialect, an intonation similar to<br />
the intonation in an equivalent sentence in Minangkabau. If<br />
the North Aceh speaker is familiar with this dialect, he
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