Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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8 Ap. yellow, disk form. Thallus yellow Pleopsidium 8* Ap. blackish to rust colored. Thallus red, or yellow Acarospora (sinop., smaragd.) 9 Thallus sorediate 10 9* Thallus not sorediate. . 20 10 Thallus ± rounded rosettes, appearing lobed (placoid) at the margin 11 10* Thallus squamulose, not rounded rosettes . 16 11 Thallus C+ red, with fleck soralia, with or without brown cephalodia . 12 11* Thallus C-, always without cephalodia 13 12 Thallus of rounded rosettes, whitish, cream, or light beige, with definite close together marginal lobes, with bordered, often appearing ring-like arranged fleck soralia, without cephalodia or with warty cephalodia protruding in the center, -2 cm wide. Ap. very rare, brown, lecanorine. Sp. 1 celled Placopsis gelida 12* Only the young thallus rounded, marginally only very weakly effigurate (without clearly bordered marginal lobes), slightly rose tinted, with irregularly ordered irregularly border soralia, always without cephalodia Trapelia placoidioides 13 Thallus K+ yellow, with definite, close marginal lobes and ± coalescing fleck soralia, gray-white to slightly blue tinted light gray. On calcareous rock, very rarely on bark. Diploicia canescens 13* Thallus K- . 14 14 Thallus with underside with patterned cortex, also a foliose lichen, yet very closely attached to the substrate and scarcely able to be loosened, very thin and delicate, gray-green, gray, or gray- -brown, with fleck soralia toward the center, with narrow, smooth, definite lobules at the margin, scarcely over 1.5 cm broad, underside light to dark. On bark, rarer on rock Hyperphyscia adblutinata 14* Thallus without patterned underside, entirely crustose, not as easily loosened, underside without cortex. On rock 15 15 Thallus brown, but often whitish pruinose, small, usually scarcely over 5 mm wide, but often growing together in large numbers, sorediate in the center. On warm silicate rock overhangs Lecanora (PT 1) dimissa 15* Thallus gray-white, mostly over 5 mm, only weakly lobed at the margin, becoming granular sorediate in the center. Predominately on walls Caloplaca teicholyta 16 Squamules C+ red, mostly arranged like shingles and with up-turned sorediate margins, light brown, yellow- to gray-brown, or brown- to gray-olive, 0.8-2.5 mm, mostly at the base of trees, rare on silicate rock. Ap. rare, black, and pruinose . Hypocenomyce scalaris 16* Squamules C- . 17 17 Squamules erect and ± shingle-like arranged, sorediate at the margin (lip soralia), close together, greenish-brown to brown, underside pale brownish, without cortex. Apothecia convex, without margin, brown, very rare. Occurring on charred wood in higher regions Hypocenomyce 17* With other characteristics; squamules generally without brown tint, if ± shingle like in arrangement, then the underside whitish to yellowish 18 18 Very rare species with brown to gray margined ap. and light gray-greenish to olive gray squamules with lobed, sorediate eroding margins. Soralia lip-form to almost capitate. On peat Trapeliopsis percrenata 18* Ap. lacking 19 19 Squamules rounded, conchoidal to reniform, flat to concave, with a definite elevated margin, light gray, even with a light blue tint on the often concentric undulating surface, 1-2 mm wide, erupting, scattered to crowded soredia, above all at the margin, R-. On (mossy) bark, rarer on mossy rock. . . Normandina pulchella 19* Squamules rounded to irregularly entire margined or crenate, gray-green to greenish white, not appearing margined, with cortex, erupting sorediate the margin or on the underside, not undulating on the surface, generally crowded, often erect, P+ red to P-, K+ yellow to K-, on bark, wood, or soil Cladonia-thallus squamules 20 Thallus on bark or wood 21 20* Not on bark or wood 22 21 Squamules flat closely attached, brown, olivebrown, olive-gray, gray-brown, or gray-green, R-, decumbent to somewhat erect, without a clearly differentiated underside. Ap. black, lecideine .Hypocenomyce 21* Squamules only attached at the base, greenishwhite, gray greenish, yellow greenish, or light gray, erect, crowded, P+ red, yellow or P-, underside clearly differentiated, whitish to yellowish to orange at the base. Always without ap . Thallus squamules of Cladonia 22 On soil, mosses, or lichens 23 22* Directly on rock 38 23 Lichens ± asteroid, only about 1 mm wide, consisting of a deeply depressed black-brown ap., which is surrounded by ± triangular “lobules.” Sp. many per ascus, 2 celled, 11-17 x 3-4 µm. On loess Solorinella astericus 23* Lichens otherwise . 24 24 Thallus with very small blackish punctate squamules (sunken per.). Squamules light to dark brown, gray-brown, olive, or whitish, usually on calcareous soil over mosses Key V 24* Thallus without per . 25 25 Ap. black, but sometimes whitish pruinose, without thalloid margin, with/without proper margin 26 25* Ap. not black or a;. lacking . 28 26 Sp. brown, 2-celled GS Buellia 50
26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to multicellular cross-septate, ± fusiform . Toninia 27* Sp. 1-celled. . GS Lecidea 28 With apothecia 29 28* Without ap. (an assortment of frequently sterile species) 32 29 Ap. clearly stalked, brown, or rose-brown . Baeomyces 29* Ap. not stalked 30 30 Ap. without thalloid margin, biatorine GS Lecidea PT1 30* Ap. with thalloid margin 31 31 On acid soils in higher sites. Ap. brown-red, concave, then flat with a thick conspicuously granular margin, 1-6 mm. Sp. 1(2) celled, 16-32 x 5-8 µm. Thallus ochre, gold- to greenishbrown, small squamulose. Squamules -1.5 mm, crenate, coalescing into one crust Psoroma hypnorum 31* On calcareous soils. Ap. usually brownish occasionally pruinose. Sp. 1-celled. Thallus usually pale greenish or ± thickly white pruinose, squamulose to rosetted . GS Lecanora PT1: Squamarina 32 Thallus clearly rosetted, lobed at the margin, the interior of ± continuous, coalescing squamules 33 32* Thallus squamulose throughout to small lobules, not rosetted and lobed . 35 33 On lime-poor, acid soils, greenish-gray, sometimes brownish tinted . . Baeomyces placophyllus 33* On lime-rich soil or lime-mosses 34 34 Thallus P+ red, without ap. Squamules brown to pale greenish, not pruinose Cladonia pyxidata (pocillum) 34* Thallus P- or medulla P+ yellow, usually with ± brown lecanorine ap. Squamules greenish-white or light yellowish-green, even slightly brown tinted green, usually ± thickly white pruinose Lecanora PT 1 35 Squamules strongly convex, turgid to almost bladder-like Toninia 35* Squamules flat to concave . 36 36 Squamules, at lease when young, concave, leekgreen, white around the margin and inflated, - 3(4) mm wide, usually numerous, on turf, peat, moist moss thatch, on acid subsoil, sometimes in association with small fungus caps with lamellae . Omphalina hudsoniana 36* Squamules otherwise . 37 37 Squamules firmly attached at the base, ± erect, pale greenish, green yellowish, or gray green, entire margin, crenate, or incised, crowded, often P+ red or yellow, with differentiated, usually whitish underside .. . Cladonia 37* Squamules either ± decumbent or P- or other color; see for example Lecidea PT 1, Toninia, or Catapyrenium. 38 Ap. orange-brown to rust colored, K+ deep red, convex biatorine. Thallus squamulose, bright greenish-gray to bright olive, on limestone Psora testacea 38* Ap. not K+ deep red 39 39 Sp. small (up to about 6µm), spherical to elongate, 1-celled, to very numerous per ascus 40 39* Sp. commonly 8 per ascus, larger . 41 40 Thallus areolate (areoles -0.6 mm), with radiating enlarged marginal areoles, bronze colored to almost black or bright gray to yellowish-ray, C+ red, with black prothallus. Ap. black, sunken, even or uneven, warty-scared to furrowed, lecideine. Sp. spherical. Moist high alpine on silicate rock, or alpine Sporastatia 40* Thallus squamulose, squamules over 0.6 mm, usually ± brown, or red-brown, with usually sunken to deep seated, red-brown, or brown to dark brown (rarely brown black) ap. Sp. ellipsoidal to elongate Acarospora 41 Thallus with a definite yellow tint, yellowishgray, green-yellowish, or yellowish white . 42 41* Thallus without yellowish tint . 43 42 Ap. black, ± sunken and with thalloid margin. Sp. ± brown, 2-celled. Thallus somewhat lobed at the margin, sharply defined areolate in the interior. In higher places on silicate Dimelaena oreina 42* Ap. usually brown to red-brown, sometimes pruinose, with thalloid margin. Spores colorless, 1-celled . GS Lecanora PT 1 43 Ap. without thalloid margin. Thallus squamulose . 44 43* Ap. with thalloid margin, or without definite margin and sunken into the thallus. Thallus usually rosetted and effigurate (placoid), interior areolate to squamulose 48 44 Sp. brown, 2-celled. Ap. black, lecideine. Thallus grayish to dark brown . Buellia badia 44* Sp. colorless 45 45 Sp. 2- to cross-septate multicellular. Ap. black or sometimes thickly white pruinose, lecideine . Toninia 45* Sp. 1-celled . 46 46 On silicate rock. Ap. black or brighter, lecideine or biatorine . GS Lecidea 46* On calcareous rock. Ap. black, rarely slightly pruinose 47 47 Squamules whitish, moderately convex to almost flat. Sp. 10-18 x 3-5 µm. Toninia tumidula 47* Squamules ± brown, usually ± flat to uneven. Ap. 12-16 x 5-7 µm (if squamules bloated convex and sp. 10-20 x 3.5-6.5 µm, see Toninia tristis) . Lecidea lurida 48 Sp. 2-celled, 10-18 x 3-4 µm. Thallus white, K-, marginal lobes -2.5 mm wide, flat, close to one another. Ap. black (rarely brown), sunken to depressed, -1.5 mm. . Solenopsora candicans 51
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21 and 22: providing a process for this in the
Page 23 and 24: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39 and 40: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72: Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74: Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76: loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78: own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80: such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82: violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84: only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86: in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88: 13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90: forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92: the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94: Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96: Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98: 25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
Page 99 and 100: 8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
Page 101 and 102:
celled. Thallus finely granular to
Page 103 and 104:
Up into the montane zone on dying m
Page 105 and 106:
subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
Page 117 and 118:
11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
Page 119 and 120:
B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
Page 121 and 122:
surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
Page 123 and 124:
ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
Page 125 and 126:
quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
Page 129 and 130:
cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
Page 135 and 136:
smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
Page 143 and 144:
C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
Page 147 and 148:
5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
Page 149 and 150:
Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
Page 151 and 152:
(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
Page 153 and 154:
11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
Page 155 and 156:
habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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