Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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cup ends, with or without squamules or projecting lamellae Cladonia 21 Thallus on lime-rich rocks, usually brown to black, also whitish pruinose, with bluegreen algae. . . GS Polychidium (If gray to (gray)brown, underside whitish to slightly brownish, with flattened, -0.3 mm wide marginal granular segments, with isolated rhizines, with green algae ↑. Phaeophyscia nigricans) 21* Not on limestone 22 22 Thallus white, gray, olive, occasionally lightly browned 23 22* Thallus brown, dark brown, black, gray-black 30 23 Thallus segment clearly wider than thick, band like flattened to channeled, ± branched . 24 23* Thallus segment/branch ± cylindrical to weakly flattened, scarcely wider than thick 27 24 Thallus ± erect on peat, 2-6 cm, segments clearly channeled, flattened toward the ends, on one side bright brown to olive, on the other side usually lighter, brownish-white, olive-white, with numerous occurring whitish pseudo-cyphellae, the margins covered with small teeth, reddish at the base . Cetraria islandica 24* Thallus whitish to gray, if gray-brown, then finely velvety (hand lens), base not reddish. . 25 25 Thallus segment with isolated stiff whitish to dark cilia or bristles on the lobe ends occasionally marginal, usually with terminal lip or helmet-form soralia or with ap. Often loosely attached, not spreading, not pendent GS Physcia 25* Thallus segment without such cilia, narrowly to broadly band like, ± forked, somewhat enrolled at the sides, therefor the underside slightly channeled. Ap. very rare 26 26 Thallus ± thickly covered with cylindrical isidia, gray, underside of the younger parts whitish to rose, the older parts dull blue-blackish to black, forked branching, very variable, up to over 10 cm long . Lobes 1-5 mm wide . Pseudevernia furfuracea 26* Thallus without cylindrical isidia, with soralia at the margins and/or on the surface, gray, often with slightly unevenness, undersides whitish, usually to 5 cm long. Lobes 1-3 mm wide Evernia prunastri var. herinii (if the undersides black or brown, segments strongly protruding, but foliose: GS Cetraria) 27 Thallus thread-like, ± richly branching, pendent or decumbent, often ± beard-like, whitish, beige, gray, gray-brown, or olive. Threads commonly 0.3-1 mm thick, not clearly angular. Bryoria 27* Thallus segment not thin and thread-like, if beard-like, then segment angular and with pointed shore branches 28 28 Thallus loosely pendent, loosely branched, angular long pitted, with cross-cracked cortex, whitish, like Evernia divaricata in habit, on tree bark . Evernia illyrica 28* Thallus ascending to erect or bushy erect, of simple peg-form to richly branched segments, on peat, rock, or bark . 29 29 Thallus segments in places with large granules or with squamules or covered with small folia. Thallus of erect to ascending, simple to mostly branched, cylindrical to slightly flattened pegs or “stemlets” (“Pseudopodetia”), whitish to gray. The stemlets at times felty layer. Ap. brown, dark brown, often lacking. Sp. 3- to cross septate multicellular. On silicate rock and peat Stereocaulon 29* Thallus segment with a smooth, cartilaginous, often slightly shiny upper surface, with cortex, not squamulose or granular. Thallus tufted erect to ascending, often coraloid, of cylindrical to flattened, moderately to strongly branching stems, light gray to light brownish, tips sometimes whitish. Ap. very rare, in spherical swellings, with dusty spore masses (Mazaedium). Spores on celled, spherical, dark. On silicate rock and bark . Sphaerophorus 30 Thallus of very thin black to brown-black of a ± thick felt film growing over -20 µm thick thread, which in each case consists of a central Trentepohlia thread and a sheath of hyphae (microscope). On very shady vertical surfaces and overhangs of silicate rock GS Cystocoleus 30* Thallus not with Trentepohlia. If thallus threads similarly thin, then with bluegreen algae . 31 31 With bluegreen algae. Thallus small shrubby (1.5 cm high) or decumbent threads. Thallus segment usually only -0.2 mm thick, usually on occasionally moistened sites on rock or rock dwelling mosses, rarely on soil. GS Polychidium 31* With true green algae. The thicker thallus branches at times (0.3-)4 mm thick. Lichens on bark, wood, rock, pear or mosses . 32 32 On peat, raw humus, or soil mosses. Thallus decumbent to bushy erect, commonly 1.5-6 cm high 33 32* On tree bark, wood, or rock . 34 33 Thallus/medulla K+ yellow, C/KC+ red, P+ yellow. Thallus of ± cylindrical, only basally somewhat flattened, thick branches, very richly branching, dark gray-brown to gray-black, the base light gray-brown to rose-brown, with small whitish pseudocyphellae, -5 cm high. Alectorialic acid, or Barbatolic acid. Only in alpine sites, Alps Alectoria nigricans 33* Thallus/medulla R- or medulla P+ orange, K-, C-. Thallus of weakly to clearly flattened or channeled rarely irregularly cylindrical, 1-10 mm wide segments, weakly to richly branched, bright brown to black-brown, usually with pseudo- 38
cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protolichesteric acid, ± Fumarprotocetraric acid Cetraria 34 Thallus thread-like, richly branched, decumbent to beard-like pendent, segment cylindrical to (above all somewhat flattened at the branches), usually 0.3-1 mm thick GS Bryoria 34* Thallus not thread-like 35 35 Thallus of cylindrical to weakly flattened segments with smooth cortex, ± richly branched, thick cushion or coral-like bushes, gray-brown to light brown . . Spherophorus (29) 35* Thallus of flattened to leafy or channeled segments 36 36 Thallus closely attached to silicate rock, -2 cm high, consisting of small tufts of flattened, brown-black to almost black, -1 mm wide, sparsely branched segments, almost always with terminal black ap. Cornicularia normoerica 36* Thallus on bark and wood (if on rock, then loosely attached), segments flat to channeled or irregular, usually upper- and ± lighter underside distinguishable . Cetraria Genus Key II: Foliose Lichens 1 Thallus yellow, orange, red, gray-yellow or yellow-greenish 2 1* Thallus not so colored, without yellow tint 16 2 Thallus yellowish to orange-red, K+ deep red. Ap. if occurring, yellow to orange (brown) . 3 2* Thallus yellowish-green, yellowish-gray, pale yellow to deep yellow, K- or K+ yellow . 6 3 On lime-rich soil, or limestone mosses. Sp. 1celled or with a thin cross wall . Fulgensia 3* On bark, word or rock. Sp. 2-celled, almost always with thick cross walls, which are penetrated by a perceptible thin canal, at least in the young ones. . 4 4 Thallus underside even with the substrate, closely attached, without rhizines and other attachment organs Caloplaca 4* Thallus underside attached to the substrate at a single place, by a differentiated underside, foliose lobed to small shrubby. Sp. mostly 10-17 x 6-10 µm . 5 5 Dying out in Central Europe. Lobes strongly ciliate at the margin, ± band-like. Thallus small tufted (to almost foliose), only attached at a single site, scarcely over 2.5 cm wide, yelloworange, at times even gray. Ap. orange, margin often ciliate. Teloschistes chrysophthalmus 5* In some cases abundant species. Lobes not ciliate. Usually with ap. or soralia. Underside pale . Xanthoria 6 Thallus very small and delicate, usually only 0.3- 1.5 cm wide (but often coalescing into a composite thallus), strongly divided, light yellow. Lobes very narrow, 0.1-0.4 mm, only clearly visible with a hand lens, sorediate at the margins, underside whitish, with rhizines. Almost always sterile (ap. yellow, lecanorine, sp. 8-10 x 4-6 µm) Candelaria concolor 6* Thallus with clearly wider lobes (if narrow, then the underside black, upper side not pure yellow) 7 7 Thallus strongly yellow, also the medulla yellow, ± ascending to almost erect. Rhizines very sparse GS Cetraria: Vulpicida 7* Thallus yellow-green, pale (yellow) greenish, gray yellowish, or pale yellow. Medulla not yellow 8 8 Moist thallus lead-gray, dark gray or dull bluegreenish, dry upper side yellowish-gray to pale (ocher) yellowish or pale green yellowish, surface rough with blue-gray fleck soralia. Lobes at most 1 cm wide, broadly rounded, underside beige to light brown, occasionally thickly short hairy. With bluegreen algae. Very rare . Lobaria scrobiculata 8* Moist thallus not lead-gray to dull blue greenish, underside not short hairy velvety, but often with rhizines. With green algae . .9 9 “Navel-like” attached only at a single site. robust lichens on silicate rock in the high mountains (only rarely descending to lower places), usually light yellowish-green, undersides balk, brownish or blackish at the margins. Ap. rose, orange to discolored greenish or brownish Lecanora PT1 (Rhizoplaca) 9* Thallus not attached at a single site. . 10 10 Underside bald or with very sparse rhizines, whitish to brownish (if the underside black, brown at the margins: see Parmelia 11 10* Underside commonly with numerous, only at the margin often sparse rhizines or occasionally thickly hairy, light colored or black to brown. . 15 11 On bark and mossy bark on very humid, cool places in the mountains. Lobes with border soralia, undersides pale to light brown, upper sides yellow- to gray-greenish Cetraria 11* On rock, peat, or lime loving mosses 12 12 On rock . 13 12* On peat or mosses . 14 13 Thallus crustose-squamulose, ± rosette, lobed at the margin, commonly with ± brown ap. with thalloid margins. Upper side light yellowishgreen, whitish-green, or yellowish, underside whitish to slightly brownish, without rhizines. On limestone . Lecanora PT 1 13* Thallus lobed, deeply divided, rosette, with large projecting hemispherical to almost spherical light soralia, without ap. Lobes strongly convex to almost becoming round stems, ± tuberculate, greenish-yellow, gray-yellow, pale gray-greenish, underside slightly brownish, with isolated rhizines. On silicate rock in cool places Parmelia incurva 14 Thallus of irregular ordered, multiply divided, ascending to enrolled, -4 cm long and -1 cm wide lobes, undersides pale yellow, upper side 39
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21 and 22: providing a process for this in the
Page 23 and 24: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72: Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74: Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76: loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78: own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80: such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82: violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84: only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86: in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88: 13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90:
forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98:
25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
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8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
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celled. Thallus finely granular to
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Up into the montane zone on dying m
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subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
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11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
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B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
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surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
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ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
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quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
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cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
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smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
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C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
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5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
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Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
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(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
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11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
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habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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