Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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The causes are many, the sensitivity to air pollution plays an important role. For Baden-Württemberg (valid also for the immediate environs) after the frequency statements the statement in parentheses about the endangerment is in the form of the number from the Red List. They mean 0: Extinct or missing 1: In danger of extinction 2: Strongly endangered 3: Endangered R: Extremely rare Annotations of the categories (according to the definitions of the BfN/Institute for vegetation studies): 1: Species which are so severely endangered that they face extinction, if the threatening causes continue. One of the following criteria must be fulfilled: (1) the species is so considerably regressed that they are rare; the remaining population is endangered; (2) they are now rare and because of continuing human influence extraordinarily strongly endangered. 2: Species, which are extensively regressing or because of continuing or foreseeable human influence are strongly endangered. One of the following criteria must additionally be fulfilled: (1) the species has already disappeared in the greater part of the region; (2) it is very rare to rare; (3) it is still moderately frequent, but strongly endangered; (4) the diversity of their formerly colonized habitat is extensively restricted. 3: Species, which are moderately regressing or because of continuing or foreseeable human influence are endangered. One of the following criteria must additionally be fulfilled: (1) the species is already very rare in the greater part of the region; (2) it is rare to moderately frequent; (3) it is still frequent, but strongly endangered; (4) the diversity of the formerly colonized habitat is restricted. R: Extremely rare species at this time. They are not appreciably regressed or not noticeably endangered and they may on the basis of their scarcity be suddenly destroyed or essentially decimated due to unforeseen developments, e.g. by a combination of unexpected human intrusion or natural events like rock slides. A statement in italics means that the classification must be seen as relatively uncertain. An asterisk (*) after the Red List Rating means that the species in the environs around Baden-Württem-berg is clearly less endangered. In the case of species not occurring in Baden-Württemberg (as a rule after the statement of natural area) the following symbol was used: +: extinct, (+++): in danger of becoming extinct, (++): strongly endangered, (+): endangered, *: extremely rare. Species with especially remarkable value of resistance to (mostly acid) air pollution were designated as toxic tolerant. 4.5 Statements of Plant Geography For the characterization of plant areas one uses certain geographical statements in which particularly the north to south extending (zonation), in addition to the west to east extending (continents) and the elevational distribution. The clarification of the concepts used here comes from the following combination. The definition of the individual geographic regions is from the diagram (refer to MEUSEL, JAEGER & WEINERT). 4.5.1 Floral Regions and Floral Elements (Europe) arct = arctic: Tundra region north of the polar tree line. Many of the species occurring in this region are also to be found in the alpine zone of the vegetation zones lying further south (arct-alp). bor = boreal: Region of the boreal pine belt. The species occurring in this region are further found for the most part in the montane and high montane zones of the temperate (central European) zone. s’bor = southern boreal: Southern region of the boreal zone (narrowing toward the east). mieur = middle European (or temperate): Temperate zone, region of green summer deciduous forests (in part intermixed with pine forests). s’mieur = southern middle European: Southern region of the temperate zone. smed = sub-Mediterranean: Region of green summer dry forests (above all oak forests) and steppes, northern Mediterranean region. med = Mediterranean: Non deciduous evergreen and pine forests, steppes and semi-desert southern Mediterranean. atl = Atlantic: Deciduous forested region near the Atlantic (in central Europe eastern to NW Germany, central and upper Rhine). subatl = Sub Atlantic: Region of the deciduous forest of west and central Europe. Species in the 24
near desert region occurring or lacking, in the east European deciduous region lacking or culminating. subco = sub continental: East European deciduous forest region, east European boreal pine forest, westward to central Europe. Species lacking in west Europe. co = Continental: Steppes and semi-desert region of east Europe (and Asia). Species only isolated to advancing into the dryer region of central Europe. Continental boreal region. pralp = pre-alpine: Montane to high montane regions in the periphery of central-, east- and southeast European high mountains. The species seldom penetrating often also into the corresponding higher zones of the mountain. zentr = central Europe: Central Europe. Distribution focal point in central Europe, more or less clearly culminating in the periphery of central Europe. oc = oceanic: Occurring in the lowlands of the near Atlantic region, decreasing toward the east in the interior increasingly up the mountain and only occurrence of isolated species (Attention: in the ecological characterization of the species the term oceanic is used only in the pure ecological sense: having an oceanic climate). 4.5.2 Elevation Zones (Importance in region see p. 37) mo montane h’mo high montane subalp sub-alpine alp alpine 4.5.3 Diagnosis of the Areas The statements made about the area of single lichen species in this book show only for Europe and use a rough orientation of the extent of the area. Often an extensive area is given as possible or probable. Thus many species distributed in Central Europe undoubtedly still occur in the montane region of the sub-Mediterranean or Mediterranean belts, even when the area diagnosis of these zones in not named. Statements about the zones were given priority. In many cases the vertical distribution and the east-west extensions is indicated; in this the Central European zone was especially considered. The area-zone statement in parentheses means that the species in the region concerned consists only of isolated occurrences. A continental designation of vertical zone in parentheses means that the corresponding distribution tendency exists or that the statement is relatively uncertain . Example of diagnosis of area: arct-mieur: The species occurs from the arctic to the Central European zone. bor-med: Occurring from boreal conifer forest into Mediterranean region. bor-mieur-mo: Occurring in the boreal and in the temperate (central European) zone, here however predominantly in the montane zone; for that reason in the southern part of the area mostly in definite distributional lacunae. arct-alp: Occurring in the arctic and in the alpine zone of the boreal to the Mediterranean zone. The area strongly disrupted (disjunct). arct-mieur-alp: Occurring in the arctic and in the alpine zone of the boreal and the Central European zone. mieur-subatl-med: Occurring in the sub-Atlantic region of the temperate zone over the sub-Mediterranean region to the Mediterranean zone. Thereby it is mostly though with a sub-Atlantic tendency in the sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean region. A designation, which is separated by a comma from the remainder of the area diagnosis, covers the same area. Example: mieur-med, pralp: Occurring in the vicinity of the alpine mountains and in lower elevations of the mountains themselves, from the temperate to the Mediterranean zone. mieur-subatl-smed, oc: Occurring in the sub-Atlantic region of the temperate zone into the sub-Mediterranean region, toward the east where an increasing restriction to the mountains is observed. 4.5.4 Habitat Remarks on Extent and Natural Uniformity/landscape Al Allgäu Av Foothills of the Alps (pre alpine hills and moors) Ba Baar 25
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21 and 22: providing a process for this in the
Page 23: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39 and 40: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72: Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74: Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76:
loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78:
own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80:
such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82:
violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84:
only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86:
in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88:
13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90:
forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98:
25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
Page 99 and 100:
8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
Page 101 and 102:
celled. Thallus finely granular to
Page 103 and 104:
Up into the montane zone on dying m
Page 105 and 106:
subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
Page 117 and 118:
11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
Page 119 and 120:
B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
Page 121 and 122:
surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
Page 123 and 124:
ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
Page 125 and 126:
quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
Page 129 and 130:
cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
Page 135 and 136:
smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
Page 143 and 144:
C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
Page 147 and 148:
5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
Page 149 and 150:
Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
Page 151 and 152:
(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
Page 153 and 154:
11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
Page 155 and 156:
habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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