Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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Class: Aspicilietea candidae Asta & Roux 1977, class. prov., community of upper surface delimed limestone of the subalpine and alpine zones, with Aspicilion mastrucatae Asta & Roux 1977, all. prov., e.g. with Lecideetum confluescentis Asta & Roux 1977 – Position unclear: Stenhammarelletum turgidae Hertel ex Asta, Clauz. & Roux 1977 Class: Protoblastenietea immersae Roux 1978, class. prov., community of lime lichens of nutrient poor rocks (?Xeroverrucarietietea Hadac 1962 Order: Thelidietalia decipientis Roux 1978, ord. prov. – Alliance: Hymenelion coeruleae Roux 1978 (!Aspicilion coeruleae) – Ass.: Arthopyrenietum saxicolae Clauz & Roux 1975 ex Roux 1978, Hymenelio coerulae-Farnoldietum juranae Kaiser 1926 em. Klem. 1955 (!Aspicilio coerulear- Lecideetum juranae, “Lecedeetum juranae” Kelm. 1955, ? Encephalographetum cacuminum Asta & Roux 1978 Order: Verrucarietalia parmigerae Roux 1978, ord. prov. Alliance: Rinodinion immersae Roux 1978 (? Verrucarion sphinctrinae Cern. & Hadac in Klika 1948) – Ass.: Farnoldio juranae-Verrucarietum marmoreae Kaiser 1926 em. Roux 1978 (!Lecideo juranae-Verrucarietum marmoreae, syn. Verrucarietum marmoreae Kaiser 1926 em. Roux 1978) Alliance: Acrocordion conideae Roux 1978, all. prov. – Ass.: Gyalectetum leucaspidis Wirth & Roux 1980, Petractinetum hypoleucae Roux & Wirth 1980 – Position unclear: Gyalectetum jenensis Kaiser em. Roux & Wirth 1978 Class: Verrucarietea nirtescentis Wirth 1980, Soc: nutrient-rich limestone – Order: Verrucarietalia Klem. 1950 Alliance: Caloplacion decipientis Klem. 1950 – Ass.: Caloplacetum citrinae Beschel in Klem. 1955, Caloplacetum saxicolae (Du Rietz 1925) Kaiser 1926 (!Caloplacetum murorum), Caloplacetum teicholytae Wilm. 1966, Physcio nigricantis-Candelarielletum mediantis Nowak 1960, Caloplacetum cirrochroae Poelt ex Breuer 1971, Caloplacetum granulosae Clauz. & Roux 1975 ex Roux 1978, Verrucario velanae- Caloplacetum xantholytae Nowak 1960 – (?) Dirinetum stenhammari Du Rietz 1925 em. Roux 1978, Aspicilietum contortae Kaiser 1926 ex Klem. 1955, Placocarpetum schaereri Klem. 1955 em. Roux 1978 (!Dermatocarpetum monstrosi) Class: Collematetea cristati Wirth 1980, Soc. irrigated limestone – Order: Collematetalia cristati Wirth 1980 Alliance: Collemation fuscovirentis Klem. 1955 corr. Wirth 1980 (!Collemation tuniformis, Collemion rupestrix Klem. 1955; not Collema flaccidum = C. rupestris but C. fuscovirens, which Klement misidentified as C. rupestris – Ass.: Toninietum candidae Kaiser 1926, Verrucario-Placynthietum nigri Kaiser 1926 Alliance: Peltulion euplocae Moreno & Egea all. prov. – Ass.: Peltuletum euplocae Wirth 1972 Alliance: Peccanion coralloidis Moreno & Egea all. prov. = Psorothchion schaereri all. prov. – Ass.: Peccanio-Thyreetum confusae Nowak 1960 (!Peccanio-Thyreetum pulvinatae), Placynithium filiforme-P. subradiatum-Soc., Gonohymenia nigritella-Anema tumidulum-Soc. Class: Chrysotrichetea candelaris Wirth 1980 (!Leprarietea candelaris), Bark lichen-Soc. rain sheltered sites – Order: Chrysotrichetalia candelaris Wirth 1980 (!Leprarietalia candelaris) Alliance: Calicion viridis Cern. & Hadac 1944 (!Calicietum hyperelli), Lecanactidetum abietinae Hil. 1925, Chaenothecetum ferrugineae Barkm. 1958 (!Chaenothecetum melanophaeae), Calicietum glaucelli Kalb 1969 corr. Wirth (“Caliceitum abietini”, not Calicium abietinum, but Calicium glaucellum), Chaenothecetum furfuraceae Kalb 1969 Alliance: Leprarion incanae Almb. 1948 – Ass.: Chrysotrichetum candelaris Mattick 1937 ex Barkm. 1958 (!Leprarietum candelaris), Arthonietum pruinatae Almb. 1948 (!Arthonietum impolitae), Opegraphetum vermicelliferae Almb. 1948 Class? -- Order: Lecanoretalia variae Barkm. 1958, predominantly wood dwelling soc. Alliance: Lecanorion variae Barkm. 1958 – Ass.: Xylographetum vitiliginis Kalb 1970, Hypocenomycetum scalaris Hil. 1925 (!Psoretum ostreatae, Lecideetum scalaris), Lecanoretum symmictae Klem. 1953 Alliance: Lecanorion conizaeoidis all.nov. (Char.: Lecanora conizaeoides, Scoliciosporum chlorococcum): Lecanoretum conizaeoidis Barkm. 1958 (Type) (!Lecanoretum pityreae), Pleurocoddetum vulgaris Hil. 1925 Class: Hypogymnietea physodis Follm 1974, foliose- and fruticose lichen rich soc. acid bark – Order: Alectorietalia Dahl & Hadac 1944 (syn. Hypogymnietalia physodo-tubulosae Barkm. 58) Alliance: Cetrarion pinastri Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Parmeliopsidetum ambiguae Hil. 1925 Association: Hypogymnion physodis Beschel 1958 (!Parmelion physodis, syn. Pseudevernion furfuraceae (Barm. 1958) James & al. 1977) – Ass.: Pseudevernietum furfuraceae Hil. 1925 (!Parmelietum furfuraceae) Alliance: Usneion barbatae Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Alectorietum sarmentosae Frey 1927 (syn. Usneetum capillaris Bibinger 1970), Evernietum divaricatae Frey 1952 ex Barkm. 1958 em Bibinger 1970 (!Letharietum divaricatae), Bryorio fuscescenti-Usneetum filipendulae Hil. 1925 (!Alectorio jubatae-Usneetum dasypogae, syn. Usneetum dasypogae sensu Bibinger 1970), Usneetum silesiacae Bibinger 1970 22
Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James et al. 1977 – Ass.: Parmelietum revolutae Almb. 1948 ex Klem. 1955 Class: Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis Mohan 1978 em. Marst. 1985 – Order: Orthotrichetalia Hadac 1944 (syn. Neckeretalia pumilae Barkm. 1958) -- Alliance: Lobarion pulmonariae Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Lobarietum pulmonariae Hil. 1925, Nephrometum laevigati Barkm. 1958 Class: Arthonio-Lecidelletea elaeochromae Drehwald 1993 – Order: Graphidetalia scriptae Hadac 1944 (syn. Arthonietalia radiatae Barkm. 1958) Alliance: Graphidion scriptae Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Pyrenuletum nitidae Hil. 1925 (syn.? Graphidetum scr. Hil. 1925), Pertusarietum hemisphaericae Almb. 1948 ex Klem. 1955, Pertusarietum amarae Hil. 1925, (?) Thelotremetum lepadini Hil. 1925, Arthopyrenietum punctiformis James et al. 1977 ass. prov., Opegraphetum rufescentis Almb. 1948 ex Klem. 1955 (!Opegraphetum herpeticae) Allicance: Bacidion rubellae all.prov. – Ass.P Acrocordietum gemmatae Barkm. 1958; Badicia rubella-Aleurodiscus-Ass. Ritschel Alliance: Lecanorion subfuscae Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Lecanoretum subfuscae Hil. 1925 Class: Physcietea Tomaselli & De Micheli 1957 – Order: Physcietalia adscendentis Hadac 44 em. Barkm. 1958 – Alliance Buellion canescentis Barkman 1958 – Ass.: Buellietum punctatae Barkm. 1958 (!Buellietum punctiformis) – Alliance: Xanthorion parietinae Ochsner 1928 – Ass.: Physcietum adscendentis Frey & Ochsner 1926, Parmelietum acetabuli Ochsner 1928, Ramalinetum fastigiatae Duvign. 1942, Parmelietum elegantulae Almb. 1948 ex Klem. 1955, Parmelietum caperatae Felf. 1941, Xanthorietum candelariae Barkm. 1958. 1958 – Position unclear: Lecanoretum sambuci Wirth 1980 ass. prov. Class: Cladonio-Lepidozietea Jecek & Vondr. 1962, Moss-Lichen-Soc. of decayed wood – Order: Lophocoleetalia heterophyllae Barkm. 1958 – Alliance: Tetraphido-Aulacomnion (Krus. 1945) Barkm. 1958 – Ass.: Ptilidio-Hypnetum pallescentis Barkm. 1958 – Alliance: Cladonio coniocraeae Duvign. 1942 ex James et al. 1977 – Ass.: Cladonietum coniocraeae Duvign. 1942 ex James et al. 1977, Cladonietum cenoteae Frey 1927 ex Frey 1959 Soil lichen-Soc. – The described soil lichen-Soc. may in part be organized into the sociological system of the society of higher plants, in part as free standing unit within the various societies of higher plant occurrence. Class: Psoretea decipientis Mattick ex Follm. 1974— Order: Psoretalia decipientis Mattick ex Follm. 1974 – Alliance: Toninietum sedifoliae Hadac 1948 (!Toninion caeruleonigricantis), Soc. of lime soils – Ass.: Toninio-Psoretum decipientis Stodieck 1937 (! Thalloedema coer.-Lecidea dec.-Ass., syn. Fulgensietum fulgentis Gams nom. nudum), Endocarpetum pusilli Galle 1964, Cladonietum convolutae Kaiser 1926 (!Cladonietum endiviaefoliae), Cladonietum symphycarpae Doppelb. in Klem. 1955, Psoretum decipientis Frey 1922 (syn. Fulgensietum alpinum Poelt) Class: Ceratodonto-Polytrichetea piliferi Mohan 1978 em. Drehwald – Order: Peltigeretalia Klem. 1950, Soc. acid soils Alliance: Baeomycion rosei Klem. 1955 – Ass.: Lecideetum uliginosae Langerf. ex Klem. 1955 Alliance: Cladonion arbusculae Klem. 1950 (!Cladonion sylvaticae), Fruticose lichen-Soc. acid soils – Ass.: Cladonietum mitis Krieger 1937, Cladonietum foliaceae Klem. 1955 (!Cladonietum alcicornis), Cladonietum destrictae Kreiger 1937 (Syn. Cladonio destrictae-Cornicularietum aculeatae Langerf. 1939) Alliance: Cetrarion nivalis Klem. 1955, alpine fruticose lichen Soc. – Ass.: Emperto-Cladonietum stellaris Du Rietz 1925 (!Empetro-Cladonietum alpestris, syn. Cladonietum alpestris Frey 1927 ex Klem. 1955), Loiseleurio-Alectorietum ochroleucae Du Rietz 1925 (Loiseleureitum Frey 1922) Alliance: Solorinion croceae Klem. 1955 (? Salicion herbaceae Br. bBl. 26), Soc. long time snoo coveres site – Ass.: Lecidomatetum demissae Frey 1923 (!Psoretum demissae), Lecideetum limosae Klem. 1955, Stereocauletum alpini Frey 1937, Calopalcetum nivalis Kalb 1970 Alliance: Megasporion verrucosae Kalb 1970 (!Lecanorion verrucosae), alpine and dealpine soc. on plant detritus and mosses – Ass.: Megasporetum verrucosae Frey 1927 (!Aaspicilietum verrucosae), Caloplacetum tiroliensis Kalb 1970 4.4 Statements about Frequency, Endangering, and Toxic Tolerance The statements about frequency hold true for southwest Germany and the immediate bordering regions (without the Alps). The frequencies of the species are stated in 6 intervals: very rare moderately frequent rare rather frequent rather rare very frequent Most of the lichen species are rare (v. - r. rare). Truly frequent species, as compared with dandelion or stinging nettle of higher plants, exist in very restricted numbers. Many lichens are in a more or less high degree of danger i.e. threatened with extinction. 23
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21: providing a process for this in the
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39 and 40: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72: Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74:
Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76:
loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78:
own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80:
such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82:
violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84:
only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86:
in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88:
13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90:
forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98:
25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
Page 99 and 100:
8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
Page 101 and 102:
celled. Thallus finely granular to
Page 103 and 104:
Up into the montane zone on dying m
Page 105 and 106:
subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
Page 117 and 118:
11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
Page 119 and 120:
B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
Page 121 and 122:
surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
Page 123 and 124:
ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
Page 125 and 126:
quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
Page 129 and 130:
cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
Page 135 and 136:
smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
Page 143 and 144:
C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
Page 147 and 148:
5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
Page 149 and 150:
Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
Page 151 and 152:
(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
Page 153 and 154:
11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
Page 155 and 156:
habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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