Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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in the descriptions the term “subhydrophytic” is used. Amphibious species are temporarily flooded (streams, or rivers). Species living submerged colonize almost constantly flooded sites. 4.2.2 Climate The climatic reality of the lichen habitat is indicated in the main with the aid of a statement about the light available, relative humidity, the measure “rainfall” and frequently the temperature relations. Moistening by rain: The measure of the moistening of the habitat with rain is of considerable influence on the habitat selection. Many species live only on rain excluded sites. Habitat: Lichen: very rain-protected very anom- bryophytic rather rain-protected anombrophytic moderately rained-on m. ombrophytic rather rained-on r. ombrophytic very (strongly) rained-on v. ombrophytic The habitats not or only exceptionally rain moistened were designated as very rain protected sites. In the case of rather rain protected sites, moistening occurs only occasionally and relatively belatedly. The stem-dwelling lichens and the species on vertical and subvertical surfaces may be counted as normally in a moderately rained-on habitat. Here designated as very ombrophytic were only lichens of frequently rained-on surfaces in heavy precipitation regions. Humidity: Statements about the humidity relationships are only to be understood as a crude orientation. They are only made with difficulty and are problematic. The following gradations are found: Habitat: Lichens: extremely humid e. hygrophytic very humid v. hygrophytic rather humid r. hygrophytic moderately humid, or moderately dry air mesophytic rather dry air r. xerophytic very dry air v. xerophytic Oceanic (as a climatological conception): Lichens were designated as strongly oceanic (very oceanic), which depend upon very high rainfall or foggy and very/extremely humid places with mild temperatures (relatively small temperature variations) (above all high places and west exposures of the Vogesen, or the Black Forest). For rather oceanic lichens similar values, but less pronounced conditions (mostly high rainfall, rather mild climate). Rainfall occurring is of paramount importance of the factors determining moisture relationships. Fog and (less so) humidity may partially compensate for the amount of rainfall. Light: Light conditions are characterized as follows: Habitat: Plants: v. poorly v. skiophytic deep shade lighted plants r. poorly r. skiophytic shade plants lighted m. well m.photophytic half-shade lighted plants v. well v. photophytic Full light lighted plants Plants with a relatively very wide ecological amplitude of light use were designated as photoindifferent. Statements about the preferred occurrence of lichen species in certain vegetation types or land forms may give further indication about climatic conditions of the habitat. Thus species which are designated as characteristic for forest regions, commonly live on wind-protected sites with relatively balanced moisture conditions. 4.3 Statements About the Sociology Like flowering plants certain lichen species frequently occur associated with one another. Numerous such typical combinations of lichen species found again and again have been described as lichen communities. For the naming of such communities certain rules are valid, which are laid down in a code of plant sociologic nomenclature. So far as the community names are produced from species names, which are no longer in use, they were altered here according to today’s valid species names, without the code of plant sociologic nomenclature 20
providing a process for this in the title. The retention of community names, which are made up following no longer familiar species names, gave information about the community, but does not make substantially more difficult the using of sociological evidence on systematic and nomenclatural problems holding interest for users of these books. In the cases, where the community names used here deviate as a result of taxonomic (not syntaxonomic) alteration from original names, the original name is placed in parenthesis with an “!”. Class: Chrysotrichetalia chlorinae Wirth 1972 (!Leprarietea chlorinae), community on rain sheltered silicate rock walls – Order: Chrysotrichetalia chlorinae Hadac 1944 (!Leprarietalia Hadac 1944) Alliance: Cystocoleion nigri Wirth 1972 -- Association: Cystocoleo-Racodietum Schade 1932 ex Kelm. 1955 (!Coenogonio-Racodietum rupestris), Enterographetum zonatae (Degel. 1939) Wirth 1972 (!Opegraphetum horistico-gyrocarpae Wirth 1969) Alliance: Chrysotrichion chlorinae Smarda & Hadac 1944 (!Leprarion chlorinae) – Association: Lecideetum lucidae Schade 1934 ex Klem. 1950, Chrysotrichetum chlorinae Schade 1934 ex Wirth 1972 (!Leprarietum chlorinae), Lecanoretum orostheae Hil. 1927 Class: Rhizocarpetea geographici Wirth 1972, community of rain exposed silicates Order: Rizocarpetalia obscurati Wirth 1972 – Alliance: Porpidion tuberculosae Wirth 1972 (!Lecideion tumidae) – Association: Porpidietum crustulatae Kelm. 1950 (!Lecideetum crustulatae), Lecideetum lithophilae Wirth 1969, Porpidietum tuberculosae Kelm. 1946 ex 1955 (!Lecideetum soredizae), Lecideetum erraticae James et al. 1977, Pertusarietum corallinae Frey 1922 Order: Aspicilietalia gibbosae Wirth 1972 Alliance: Pertusarion aspergillae Egea & Llim. 1987 (!Pertusarion leucosorae) – Ass.: Pertusarietum aspergillo-flavicantis Wirth 1972 (!Pertusarietum leucosoro-flavicantis) Alliance: Umbilicarion hirsutae Cern. & Hadac 1944 – Umbilicarietum hirsutae Klem. 1931 , Umbilicarietum griseae (Masse 1964) Wirth 1972 (!Umbilicarietum murinae), Lasallietum pustulatae Hil. 1925 (!Umbilicarietum pustulatae) Alliance: Parmelion conspersae Cern. & Hadac 1944 – Ass.: Aspicilietum cinereae Frey 1922, Buellio- Rhizocarpetum Wirth 1972, Lecanoretum rupicolae Hil. 1923 (!Lecanoretum sordidae), Candelarielletum corallizae Almb. 1955 ex Massé 1964, Parmelietum somloensis Klem. 1955 (!Parmelietum molliusculae, !Parmelietum stenophyllae), Lecanoretum argopholidis (Cern. 1940) Wirth 1980 (Lecanoretum garov.-argopholis (Cern. 1940) Wirth 1972), Aspicilietum serpentinicolae Wirth 1972 – Lecidelletum carpathicae Wirth 1981 Order: Acarosporetalia sinopicae Creveld 1981 – Alliance: Acarosporion sinopicae Wirth 1972 – Ass.: Acarosporetum sinopicae Hil. 1924, Lecanoretum epanorae Wirth 1972 – Position unclear: Acarosporo sinopicae-Pleopsidietum chlorophanae (Wirth 1972) Creveld 1981 (!Acarosporetum sinopicochlorophaenae) Order: Umbilicareitalia cylindricae Wirth 1972 Alliance: Rhizocarpion alpicolae Frey 1933 ex Klem. 1955 – Ass.: Rhizocarpetum alpicolae Frey 1923, Lecideetum obscurissimae Frey 1933, Fuscideetum kochianae (Ullrich et Wirth 1969) Ullirch & Wirth 1972 (!Lecideetum kochianae) Alliance: Umbilicarion cylindricae Gams 1927 – Ass.: Umbilicarietum deustae Hil. 1925, Umbilicarietum cylindricae Frey 1922, Umbilicarietum cinereorufescentis Frey 1933, Pertusario- Ophioparmetum Wirth 1972 (!Pertusario- Haematommatetum) Order: Parmelietalia saxatilis Wirth 1972 – Alliance: Crocynio-Hypogymnion Wirth 1972 – Ass.: Parmelietum omphalodis Du Rietz 1921 Order: Rinodino confragosae-Xanthorietalia elegantix Creveld 1981 – Alliance: Dimelaenion oreinae (syn. Lecanorion rubinae Frey 1933 ex Klem. 1955) Ass.: Rhizoplaco chrysoleucae-Dimelaenetum oreinae (Frey ex Klem. 1955) Creveld 1981, Dimelaenetum oreinae Hil. 1925 (!Rinodinetum oreinae), Lecanoro rupicolae-Pleopsidietum flavi Mot. 1926 (!Lecanoro soridadea-Acarosporetum oxytonae) Order: Physcietalia caesiae Mattick 1951 em. Creveld 1981 – Alliance: Ramalinio capitatae Rübel 1933 – Ass.: Ramalinetum capitatae Frey 1923 (!Ramalinetum strepsilis) Class: Aspicilietea lacustris Wirth 1972, community of sweet water lichens. – Order: Aspicilietalia lacustris Drehwald 1993 (syn. Hydeoverrucarietalia Cern. & Hadac 1944 em. Wirth 1972 Alliance: Verrucarion funckii Wirth 1972 (!Verrucarion siliceae) – Ass.P Verrucarietum funckii Ullrich & Wirth 1972 (!Verrucarietum siliceae), Verrucarietum hydrelae ass. prov. (syn. Verrucarietum laevato-denudatae) – Position unclear: Verrucarietum elaeomelaenae ass. prov. Alliance: Verrucarion praetermissae Cern. & Hadac 1944 em. Wirth 1972 – Ass.: Porpidietum hydeophilae Ullrich 1992 (!Lecideetum hydrophilae, syn. Aspicilietum lacustris Frey ex Wirth 1972, Ionaspidetum chrysophanae Frey 1922 (!Ionaspidetum suaveolentis) Alliance: Porinion lectissimae Wirth 1980 – Ass.: Porpidietum glaucophaeae Wirth 1969 (!Lecideetum glaucophaeae) Alliance? -- Ass.: Ephebetum lanatae Frey 1922 Class: Dermatocarpetea miniati Wirth class. nov., subneutrophytic silicate lichen community. – Alliance: Physcion dimidiatae Wirth 1972 – Ass.: Xanthorietum fallacis Schindler 1935 (Type, !Xanthorietum substellaris), Lecanoretum dimissae Wirth 1969 – Position unclear: Caloplacetum obliterantis Wirth 1972 21
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 23 and 24: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39 and 40: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 41 and 42: 30 Thallus underside consistently f
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72:
Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74:
Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76:
loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78:
own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80:
such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82:
violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84:
only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86:
in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88:
13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90:
forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
Page 97 and 98:
25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
Page 99 and 100:
8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
Page 101 and 102:
celled. Thallus finely granular to
Page 103 and 104:
Up into the montane zone on dying m
Page 105 and 106:
subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
Page 107 and 108:
Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
Page 109 and 110:
Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
Page 111 and 112:
(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
Page 113 and 114:
anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
Page 115 and 116:
amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
Page 117 and 118:
11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
Page 119 and 120:
B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
Page 121 and 122:
surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
Page 123 and 124:
ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
Page 125 and 126:
quinone containing yellow to red co
Page 127 and 128:
K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
Page 129 and 130:
cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
Page 131 and 132:
31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
Page 133 and 134:
Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
Page 135 and 136:
smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
Page 137 and 138:
anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
Page 139 and 140:
thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
Page 141 and 142:
Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
Page 143 and 144:
C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
Page 147 and 148:
5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
Page 149 and 150:
Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
Page 151 and 152:
(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
Page 153 and 154:
11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
Page 155 and 156:
habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
Page 157 and 158:
Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
Page 161 and 162:
10 Usually growing on whitish crust
Page 163 and 164:
anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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