Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

Psoretum – s’mieur-med – v.rare (1); Mn
(Taubertal), FrJu, Do, Av
Catapyrenium waltheri (Krempelh.) Körber
(Dermatocarpon w. (Krempelh.) Blomb. &
Forss.)
In alpine sites on naked soil and raw humus over
calcareous subsoil – arct-alp – v.rare; Al;
scattered in the Alps
LIT: BREUSS 1990
Catillaria Massal.
(Keys include Catinaria, Cliostomum, Megalaria,
Micarea p.p.)
Introduction
In the broad sense one places in Catillaria
crustose lichens with two-celled colorless spores
and various colored apothecia without thalloid
margins. Catinaria, Cliostomum, Megalospora
and Micarea were separated from this unnatural
group genus according to various characteristics
in the construction of the apothecium. Catillaria
in the narrow sense includes species with
generally thin, gray to nearly indistinguishable
thalli living in the interior of the substrate,
usually black to brown-black apothecia with
lecideine proper margin, paraphyses unbranched
to singly branched in the upper part with capitate
thickened, provided with a brown apex capped
ends and two-celled elongate spores.
C. atomarioides and C. chalybeia occur on
(mostly mineral rich) silicate rock; C.
lenticularia lives on calcareous rocks and C.
nigroclavata on bark. C. chalybeia frequently
invades man made substrates. The indigenous
rock dwellers are distributed in the south and
central Europe and penetrate above all in the
west widely into the boreal zone. C.
nigroclavata occurs up into central
Fennoscandia.
C. detractula, C. erysiboides, C. minuta and C.
picila do not belong to Catillaria s.str. The latter
two live on shaded limestone on vertical and
overhanging surfaces on humid habitats. C.
detractula is found on well lighted, warm sites on
limestone, C. erysiboides on tough old wood, e.g.
deciduous tree stumps. C. erysiboides is
distributed in the boreal and summer green
deciduous region. The area of C. alba, C.
anomaloides, C. detractula, C. picila and C.
minuta stretches over south and (predominantly
to the south) central Europe; finally an
occurrence (Gotland) in south Scandinavia.
Genus Characteristics and Determination
Thallus crustose, clearly developed to living in
the substrate, whitish, gray, brown, blackish, with
various coccoid and filamentous green algae.
Ap. variously colored (in Catillaria i.e.s. black to
dark brown), without thalloid margin, with or
rarely without definite proper margin. Exc.
usually clearly developed. Paraphyses simple to
sparsely branched, capitate above, with brown
cap (Catillaria i.e.s.) or colorless to pigmented
above. Hyp. colorless to brown-black. Asci
almost cylindric to clavate, in the case of
Catillaria i.e.s. with uniformly I+ (K/I+) blue
tholus and exterior with thin I+ (K/I+) blue
gelatin layer, in the case of Catillaria i.w.s. to the
part Biatora- and Bacidia- type. Sp. 2-celled.
Ch-.
1 On garden soil, humus, plant detritus, moss . 2
1* On rock, bark, wood, living on conifer needles . 6
2 On naked mineralized, sandy-loam to loamy
soils. Ap. convex to hemispherical, marginless,
black, -0.6 mm. Epihym. and hyp. dark purplebrown,
hym. purple. Exc. dark purple, soon
reduced. Sp. 1-2 celled, 9-15 x 3-4(4.5) µm.
Paraph. branched in the upper part. Thallus very
thin flowing, scattered or warty areolate, blue
greenish. Saxony .
Micarea melaenida (Nyl.) Coppins
2* On mosses, plant detritus, raw humus, humus
soils 3
3 Hyp. light, mostly colorless. Ap. whitish,
yellowish, rose, brown, discolored gray 4
3* Hyp. red-brown to black-brown 5
4 Sp. 10-17 x 4-5 µm, with definite epispore, 2- to
rarely 4-celled. Ap. brown-rose, orange, roseyellowish,
yellowish, beige, convex from the
first, -0.9(1.1) mm, sometimes coalescing, margin
rapidly disappearing. Epihym., hym., hyp. and
exc. colorless to slightly yellowish, exc. strongly
developed, paraplectenchymatous. Paraph.
scarcely branched, strongly cemented, 3-4 µm.
Thallus greenish-gray, thickly fine granular to
erupting sorediate, the sorediate region greenish,
soredia 30-70 µm. Zeorine . .
Mycobilimbia sphaeroides
4* Sp. smaller. Ap. convex. Paraph. branched and
reticulate. Exc. mostly strongly reduced, paraph.
hyphae like ↑ Micarea
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