Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

on young trees, on very humid cool in part also
late occurring frost occurring habitats, oceanic in
reference to the moisture conditions, r.acidoph.,
m.photoph., anitroph., usually only with
Hypogymnia phys. – mieur-subatl-med, oc –
v.rare (0); süSch (Schramberg), Ju (Schörzingen,
Ehingen), Ne (Trillfingen), Do-Av (repeatedly)
LIT.: PURVIS ET AL. 1992, SANTESSON 1952
Calicium Pers.
Introduction
The genus Calicium numbers only the group of
coniocarpic or dust fruited lichens (goblet
lichens). As fir the characterization of this
group, disintegration of the asci when ripe into
fragments and producing together with the spores
a dust-like mass covering the upper side of the
apothecium (Mazaedium). The fruiting bodies
are, as a rule, clearly stalked and end with a
clavate to egg-form “capitulum” and have
thereby a certain similarity to a short needle.
The thallus of the Calicium species is found in
the interior of the substrate or is developed as a
definite crust and is colored gray to green or pale
yellowish, the mazaedium is black, the capitulum
is often brown on the exterior and white or
yellow-green pruinose. The spores are twocelled,
dark brown.
Of the 25 species distributed mainly in the
cool-temperate zones of the earth, 10 occur in
Germany. They occur on rain-sheltered, humid
habitats, above all on bark (in bark cracks) of
older deciduous and conifers and on wood, only
one species (C. corynellum) lives on overhanging
silicate rocks. C. adspersum is found
almost exclusively on old oaks in oak-hornbeam
forests in slightly continental influenced sites, C.
viride occurs mainly on conifers in the
mountains. C. abietinum, C. adspersum, C.
quercinum and C. corynellum are species of the
central European summer-green deciduous
forested region; reaching in the north
approximately to the distribution boundary of
Quercus robur or extending only a trifle farther.
C. lichenoides, C. viride, C. trabinellum and C.
glaucellum are distributed in the boreal conifer
forest region and in central Europe (here
occurring in the mountains). The most of the
indigenous Calicium species also occur in the
mediterranean region, often – above all the
boreal species – more in the mountains. Often
avoiding the atlantic regions.
Genus Characteristics and Determination
Thallus crustose, in the substrate or clearly
developed, granular, warty to appearing
squamulose, gray, gray-green, yellowish, or
green, with Trebouxia. Ap. definitely stalked,
rarely short stalked to sessile, with ± spherical to
lens-form capitula, margined, black, but on the
capitulum underside and the margin sometimes
whitish, brown or yellowish pruinose, with black,
sometimes pruinose mazaedium. Exc. clearly
developed. Paraphyses branched. Asci cylindric
to clavate, early disintegrating and with the
spores producing a mazaedium. Sp. 2-celled,
dark brown, thick walled, often with
characteristic ornamentation. Pycnosp. short
cylindric to broadly ellipsoidal. Ch: above all
Pulvinic acid derivatives, Norstictic acid etc.
Keying caution: The ap. height is measured excluding the
stalk. Sp. measurement is on ripe spores. Unripe spores are
often smaller. Ornamentation is only clearly recognized at
higher magnification (oil immersion); treatment with K
facilitates the study of structure.
1 On silicate rock. Thallus light yellow to
greenish, finely mealy, parasitising whitish to
beige crusts (Haematomma ochr.). Ap. short
stalked to almost sessile, capitulum -0.7 (1.5) mm
wide. Sp. dark brown, 12-16 x 4-6 µm. R-,
Rhizocarpic acid . C. corynellum
(if ap. stalked, sp. 6.5-8 x 2.3-3 µm, spiral ribbed:
. Microcalicium arenarium)
1* On bark and wood 2
2 Ap. sessile . 3
2* Ap. clearly stalked . 4
3 Ap. yellow to greenish-yellow pruinose. Sp. 5.5-
6.5 µm thick . C. adspersum (5)
3* Ap. not yellow pruinose. Sp. 3-4 µm thick .
Microcalicium subpedicellatum
4 Ap. capitulum yellow (-greenish) pruinose
(contains Vulpinic acid when ripe). Ap. -1 mm
high . 5
4* Ap. capitulum not yellow (-greenish) pruinose . 6
5 Thallus usually clearly developed, warty to
almost squamulose-scurfy, gray to
yellowish-gray, K+ red, P+ yellow, then red. Ap.
often only short stalked, even almost sessile.
Capitulum broad, -0.8 (1.1) mm, yellowish
pruinose at the margin and on the mazaedium
(“disk”). Sp. 13-16 x 5.5-6.5 µm, clearly
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