Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

540 TILUDRONATE
(1999): Zojer N+, Drug Saf 21(5), 389
(1991): Dumon JC+, Bone Miner 15(3), 257
TIMOLOL
Trade names: Apo-Timol; Aquanil; Betimol; Blocadren (Merck);
CoSopt (Merck); Dispatim; Nu-Timolol; Tenopt; Tiloptic;
Timacor; Timoptic (ophthalmic) (Merck); Timoptol
Indications: Hypertension
Category: Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist
Half-life: 2–2.7 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: clonidine, epinephrine, ergot, prednisone, verapamil
CoSopt is timolol and dorzolamide; Timolide is timolol and
hydrochlorothiazide. Dorzolamide and hydrochlorothiazide are
sulfonamides and can be absorbed systemically. Sulfonamides can
produce severe, possibly fatal, reactions such as toxic epidermal
necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Reactions
Skin
Angioedema
Dermatitis (eyedrops)
(2006): Kalavala M+, Contact Dermatitis 54(6), 345
(2001): Holdiness MR, Am J Contact Dermat 12(4), 217
(1993): Corazza M+, Contact Dermatitis 28, 188
(1993): O’Donnell BF+, Contact Dermatitis 28, 121
(1991): Kubota K+, Br J Clin Pharmacol 31, 471
(1986): Fernandez-Vozmediano JM+, Contact Dermatitis 14, 252
(1986): Romaguera C+, Contact Dermatitis 14, 248
Diaphoresis
Eczema
(1991): Cameli N+, Contact Dermatitis 25, 129
Edema (0.6%)
Erythema multiforme
Erythroderma
(1997): Shelley WB+, JAmAcadDermatol37, 799
(1993): Shelley WB+, Cutis 51, 330 (observation)
Exanthems
Exfoliative dermatitis
Hyperkeratosis (palms and soles)
Lichenoid eruption
(2004): Mullins RJ+, Australas J Dermatol 45(2), 151 (with
dorzolamide)
Lupus erythematosus
(1994): Cohen MG, J Rheumatol 21, 578
(1992): Zamber RW+, J Rheumatol 19, 977
Pemphigus
(1987): Fiore PM+, Arch Ophthalmol 105, 1660
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Pruritus (1–5%)
(1996): Lazarov A+, Cutis 58, 363 (from eye drops)
Psoriasis
(1992): Germain ML+, Therapie (French) 47, 447
(1989): Puig L+, Am J Ophthalmol 108, 455
(1987): Savola J+, BMJ 295, 637 (also aggravation of psoriasis)
(1986): Czernielewski J+, Lancet 1, 808
(1984): Arntzen N+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 64, 346
Purpura
Rash (sic) (1–10%)
Raynaud’s phenomenon
(1990): Meuche C+, Fortschr Ophthalmol 87(1), 45
(1984): Eliasson K+, Acta Med Scand 215, 333
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
(2005): Florez A+, JAmAcadDermatol53(5), 909 (with
dorzolamide & latanoprost)
Urticaria
Xerosis
Mucosal
Oral lichenoid eruption
Xerostomia (19%)
(1998): LeBlanc RP, Ophthalmology 105, 1960
(1997): Schuman JS+, Arch Ophthalmol 115, 847 (19.4%)
(1996): Schuman JS, Surv Ophthalmol 41, S27
Hair
Hair – alopecia (1–10%)
(2004): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (eye drops) (from Internet)
(observation)
(1990): Fraunfelder FT+, JAMA 263, 1493
Nails
Nails – dystrophy
Nails – onycholysis
Nails – pigmentation
(1981): Feiler-Ofry V, Ophthalmologica (Basel) 182, 153
Eyes
Conjunctival hyperemia
(2006): Hollo G+, Eur J Ophthalmol 16(6), 816 (6%)
(2006): Hoy SM+, Drugs Aging 23(7), 587 (with travoprost)
(2006): Konstas AG+, Arch Ophthalmol 124(11), 1553
(2002): Higginbotham EJ+, Arch Ophthalmol 120(10), 1286
Conjunctivitis
(1991): Cameli N+, Contact Dermatitis 25, 129
Eyelid dermatitis
(2000): Quiralte J+, Contact Dermatitis 42, 245
(1995): Koch P, Contact Dermatitis 33, 140
(1988): Kanzaki T+, Contact Dermatitis 19, 388
Ocular allergy
(1998): LeBlanc RP, Ophthalmology 105, 1960
(1996): Schuman JS, Surv Ophthalmol 41, S27
Ocular burning
(2003): Hommer A+, Br J Ophthalmol 87(5), 592 (with
unoprostone, brimonidine, or dorzolamide)
(1998): LeBlanc RP, Ophthalmology 105, 1960
(1997): Schuman JS+, Arch Ophthalmol 115, 847 (41.9%)
(1996): Schuman JS, Surv Ophthalmol 41, S27
Ocular itching
(2006): Konstas AG+, Arch Ophthalmol 124(11), 1553
Ocular lichenoid eruption
(2004): Mullins RJ+, Australas J Dermatol 45(2), 151
Ocular pemphigoid
(1992): Shelley WB+, Advanced Dermatologic Diagnosis WB
Saunders, 554 (passim)
Ocular stinging
(2006): Konstas AG+, Arch Ophthalmol 124(11), 1553
(2004): Fechtner RD+, Acta Ophthalmol Scand 82(1), 42 (with
dorzolamide)
(2003): Hommer A+, Br J Ophthalmol 87(5), 592 (with
unoprostone, brimonidine, or dorzolamide)
(1998): LeBlanc RP, Ophthalmology 105, 1960
(1997): Schuman JS+, Arch Ophthalmol 115, 847 (41.9%)
(1996): Schuman JS, Surv Ophthalmol 41, S27
Oculo-mucocutaneous syndrome
(1982): Cocco G+, Curr Ther Res 31, 362
Other
Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity
Peyronie’s disease