Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

472 RALOXIFENE
RALOXIFENE
Synonym: Keoxifene
Trade name: Evista (Lilly)
Indications: Osteoporosis
Category: Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Half-life: 27.7 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: cholestyramine, levothyroxine
Reactions
Skin
Capillaritis
(2005): Erbagci Z+, Saudi Med J 26(2), 314
Diaphoresis (3.1%)
Edema
Peripheral edema (3–5%)
(2000): Eriksen EF, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 162, 4182
(1999): Cummings SR+, JAMA 281, 2189
(1999): Ettinger B+, JAMA 282, 637 (5%)
Rash (sic) (5.5%)
Vitiligo
(2002): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)
(after 3 weeks of raloxifene, patient developed leukoderma
over exposed areas of chest and forearms after sun exposure)
Mucosal
Vaginitis (4.3%)
Other
Hot flashes (5–24%)
(2006): Uray IP+, Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15(12), 1583
(2004): Morii H, Clin Calcium 14(10), 100
(2003): Kung AW+, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88(7), 3130 (5.6%)
(2002): Kinsinger LS+, AnnInternMed137(1), 59
(2001): Seeman E, JBoneMinerMetab19, 65 (4.6%)
(2000): Eriksen EF, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 162, 4182
(2000): Snyder KR+, Am J Health Syst Pharm 57, 1669
(1999): Ettinger B+, JAMA 282, 637 (10%)
(1999): Scott JA+, Am Fam Physician 60, 1131
(1998): Walsh BW+, JAMA 279, 1445 (22%)
Infections (~2%)
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (7.7%)
(2006): Land SR+, JAMA 295(23), 2742
Thrombosis
(2006): Barrett-Connor E+, NEnglJMed355(2), 125
(2006): Uray IP+, Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15(12), 1583
RAMELTEON
Trade name: Rozerem (Takeda)
Indications: Insomnia
Category: Melatonin receptor agonist
Half-life: 1–2.6 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: alcohol, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, ketoconazole, rifampin
Reactions
Other
Infections (1%)
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (2%)
Upper respiratory infection (3%)
RAMIPRIL
Trade names: Altace (Monarch); Delix; Hytren; Pramace;
Quark; Ramace; Triatec; Tritace; Unipril
Indications: Hypertension
Category: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Half-life: 3–17 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene
Reactions
Skin
Acne
(1987): Predel HG+, Am J Cardiol 59, 143D
Angioedema (0.3%)
(2007): Serratrice J+, Rev Neurol (Paris) 163(2), 241
(2002): Kaur S+, JDermatol29(6), 336
(2001): Cohen EG+, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 110(8), 701 (64
cases)
(1995): Epeldo-Gonzalo F+, Ann Pharmacother 29, 431
(1990): Todd PA+, Drugs 39, 110
Dermatitis (