Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

PHENYLEPHRINE
Trade names: Dionephrine; Dura-Vent; Neo-Synephrine;
Novahistine; Prefrin Liquifilm; Prolex-D; Rynatan (MedPointe);
Tussi-12D (MedPointe)
Indications: Nasal congestion, glaucoma, hypotension
Category: Adrenergic alpha-receptor agonist; Sympathomimetic
Half-life: 2.5 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: furazolidone, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin
Dermatitis
(2004): Yamamoto A+, Clin Exp Dermatol 2004 Mar 29(2), 200
(2002): Erdmann SM+, Am J Contact Dermat 13(1), 37
(2002): Narayan S+, Am J Contact 13(4), 208
(1997): Mancuso G+, Contact Dermatitis 36, 110
(1997): Marcos ML+, Contact Dermatitis 37, 189
(1995): Thomas P+, Contact Dermatitis 32, 249
(1993): Wilkinson SM+, Contact Dermatitis 29, 100
(1991): Anibarro B+, Contact Dermatitis 25, 323
(blepharoconjunctivitis)
(1991): Bardazzi F+, Contact Dermatitis 24, 56
(1991): Okamoto H+, Cutis 47, 357
(1990): Zucchi A+, G Ital Dermatol Venereol (Italian) 125, 155
(1986): Ducombs G+, Contact Dermatitis 15, 107
(1984): Camarasa JG, Contact Dermatitis 10, 182
(1983): Hanna C+, Am J Ophthalmol 95, 703
Erythroderma
(2002): Gonzalo-Garijo MA+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)
30(4), 239
Pallor
Stinging (from nasal or ophthalmic preparations) (1–10%)
Eyes
Blepharoconjunctivitis
(1999): Resano A+, J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol 9, 55
(1998): Rafael M+, Contact Dermatitis 39, 143
(1998): Thomas P+, Contact Dermatitis 38, 41
(1998): Wigger-Alberti W+, Allergy 53, 217
Conjunctivitis
(2003): Ventura MT+, Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
25(4), 529 (53.8%)
Ocular allergy (sic)
(2003): Ventura MT+, Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol
25(4), 529
Periorbital dermatitis
(1997): Moreno-Ancillo M+, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 78, 569
(1997): Ockenfels HM+, Dermatology 195, 119
(1983): Rarber KA, Contact Dermatitis 9, 274
Periorbital edema
(1998): Blum A+, Hautarzt (German) 49, 651
Other
Hypersensitivity
(2007): Dewachter P+, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 51(5), 637
(1991): Quirce Gancedo S+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 96, 317
Injection-site reactions (sic)
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
Synonym: PPA
Trade names: Acutrim; BC Cold Powder; Control; Dex-a-Diet;
Dexatrim; Diet Gum; Genex; Maigret-50; Phenoxine;
Phenyldrine; Prolamine; Propagest; Propandrine; Rhindecon;
Spray-U-Thin; St. Joseph Aspirin-Free Cold Tablets (McNeil);
Stay Trim; Unitrol; Westrim
Indications: Nasal decongestion, anorexiant
Category: Adrenergic alpha-receptor agonist
Half-life: 3–4 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: caffeine, cocoa, ephedra, ephedrine, fluoxetine,
fluvoxamine, furazolidone, guarana, paroxetine, sertraline,
tranylcypromine
Reactions
Skin
Fixed eruption
(2000): Heikkila H+, Br J Dermatol 142(4), 845
Pallor
Mucosal
Xerostomia
Other
Death
(1984): Logie AW+, Br Med J 289(6445), 591
(1983): Mueller SM, NEnglJ308(11), 653
Rhabdomyolysis
(1983): Blewitt GA+, JAMA 249(22), 3017
(1983): Hampel G+, Hum Toxicol 2(2), 197
(1983): Rumpf KW+, JAMA 250(16), 2112
(1982): Swenson RD+, JAMA 248(10), 1216
PHENYTOIN
PHENYTOIN 435
Synonyms: diphenylhydantoin; DPH; phenytoin sodium
Trade names: Di-Hydran; Dilantin (Pfizer); Diphenylan;
Epanutin; Fenytoin; Phenhydan; Phenytek; Pyoredol; Zentropil
Indications: Grand mal seizures
Category: Antiarrhythmic class Ib; Antiepileptic, hydantoin
Half-life: 7–42 hours (dose dependent)
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: amprenavir, aprepitant, beclomethasone, buprenorphine,
calcium, chloramphenicol, cimetidine, clobazam, clorazepate,
cyclosporine, darunavir, dasatinib, delavirdine, dexamethasone,
diazoxide, disulfiram, dopamine, fluconazole, flunisolide,
fluoxetine, fosamprenavir, ginkgo biloba, hydrocortisone,
imatinib, indinavir, influenza vaccines, isoniazid, isradipine,
itraconazole, lapatinib, meperidine, methylprednisolone,
midazolam, nelfinavir, nilutamide, posaconazole, prednisolone,
prednisone, primrose, ritonavir, sage, saquinavir, solifenacin, St
John’s wort, sucralfate, telithromycin, temsirolimus, teniposide,
ticlopidine, tizanidine, triamcinolone, uracil/tegafur, vigabatrin
An excellent overview of cutaneous reactions to phenytoin can be
found in (1988): Silverman AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 18, 721
Note: About 19% of patients receiving phenytoin develop skin
reactions (1983): Rapp RP+, Neurosurg 13, 272. They typically
develop 10 to 14 days following the start of treatment