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Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

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336 LORATADINE<br />

LORATADINE<br />

Trade names: Alavert (Wyeth); Civeran; Claratyne; Claritin<br />

(Schering); Claritin-D (Schering); Claritine; Lisino; Lorastine;<br />

Velodan; Zeos<br />

Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria<br />

Category: Histamine H1 receptor antagonist<br />

Half-life: 3–20 hours<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Angioedema (>2%)<br />

(1989): Clissold SP+, <strong>Drug</strong>s 37, 42<br />

Dermatitis (>2%)<br />

Diaphoresis (>2%)<br />

Erythema multiforme (>2%)<br />

Exanthems<br />

Fixed eruption<br />

(2003): Pionetti CH+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 31(5), 291<br />

(2002): Ruiz-Genao DP+, Br J Dermatol 146(3), 528<br />

Peripheral edema (>2%)<br />

Photosensitivity (>2%)<br />

Pruritus (>2%)<br />

(1989): Barenholtz HA+, <strong>Drug</strong> Intell Clin Pharm 23, 445<br />

Purpura (>2%)<br />

Rash (sic) (>2%)<br />

Urticaria (>2%)<br />

(1992): Boner AL+, Allergy 47, 98<br />

(1989): Clissold SP+, <strong>Drug</strong>s 37, 42<br />

Xerosis (>2%)<br />

Mucosal<br />

Sialorrhea (>2%)<br />

Stomatitis (>2%)<br />

Vaginitis (>2%)<br />

Xerostomia (>10%)<br />

(1993): Pacor ML+, Clin Ter 1993 Jun 142(6), 529 (2%)<br />

(1992): Monroe EW+, Arzneimittelforschung (German) 42, 1119<br />

(1992): Olson OT+, Arzneimittelforschung (German) 42, 1227<br />

(1990): Del Carpio J+, J Allergy Clin Immunology 84, 741<br />

(1990): Ir<strong>and</strong>er K+, Allergy 45, 86<br />

(1990): Simons FE, Clin Exp Allergy 20, 19<br />

(1989): Barenholtz HA+, <strong>Drug</strong> Intell Clin Pharm 23, 445<br />

(1989): Bruttman G+, J Allergy Clin Immunology 83, 411<br />

(1988): Gutkowski A+, J Allergy Clin Immunology 81, 902<br />

Hair<br />

Hair – alopecia (>2%)<br />

Hair – dry (>2%)<br />

Other<br />

Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis (>2%)<br />

Gynecomastia (>2%)<br />

Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (>2%)<br />

LORAZEPAM<br />

Trade names: Apo-Lorazepam; Ativan (Wyeth) (Baxter);<br />

Durazolam; Laubeel; Merlit; Nu-Loraz; Punktyl; Tavor; Temesta;<br />

Titus<br />

Indications: Anxiety, depression<br />

Category: Benzodiazepine<br />

Half-life: 10–20 hours<br />

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />

with: alcohol, amprenavir, barbiturates, chlorpheniramine,<br />

clarithromycin, CNS depressants, efavirenz, erythromycin,<br />

esomeprazole, imatinib, MAO inhibitors, narcotics, nelfinavir,<br />

phenothiazines, valproate<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Dermatitis (1–10%)<br />

Diaphoresis (>10%)<br />

Erythema multiforme<br />

(1991): Porteous DM+, Arch Dermatol 127, 741<br />

Exanthems<br />

Fixed eruption<br />

(1988): Jafferany M+, Dermatologica 177, 386<br />

Pruritus<br />

Purpura<br />

Rash (sic) (>10%)<br />

Stevens–Johnson syndrome<br />

(1991): Porteous DM+, Arch Dermatol 127, 741<br />

Urticaria<br />

Mucosal<br />

Gingival lichenoid reaction<br />

(1986): Colvard MD+, Periodont Case Rep 8, 69<br />

Sialopenia (>10%)<br />

Sialorrhea (10%)<br />

Hair<br />

Hair – alopecia<br />

Hair – hirsutism<br />

Other<br />

Injection-site pain (>10%)<br />

(1981): Ameer B+, <strong>Drug</strong>s 21, 161 (7–52%)<br />

Injection-site phlebitis (>10%)<br />

(1981): Clarke RSJ, <strong>Drug</strong>s 22, 26 (15%)<br />

Pseudolymphoma<br />

(1995): Magro CM+, JAmAcadDermatol32, 419<br />

(1988): Kardaun SH+, Br J Dermatol 118(4), 545<br />

Rhabdomyolysis<br />

(1983): Cauana RJ+, NCMedJ44, 18 (with amitriptyline <strong>and</strong><br />

perphenazine)<br />

LOSARTAN<br />

Synonyms: DuP 753; MK 594<br />

Trade names: Cozaar (Merck); Hyzaar (Merck)<br />

Indications: Hypertension<br />

Category: Angiotensin II receptor antagonist<br />

Half-life: 2 hours<br />

Hyzaar is losartan <strong>and</strong> hydrochlorothiazide

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