Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

326 LEVOCETIRIZINE
LEVOCETIRIZINE
Trade names: Vozet; Xozal; Xusal; Xyzal (UCB Pharma)
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria
Category: Antihistamine
Half-life: 6–10 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: N/A
Reactions
Skin
Dermatitis
(2006): Cusano F+, Dermatology 213(4), 353
Fixed eruption
(2005): Guptha SD+, Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 71(5), 361
(2005): Mahajan VK+, Int J Dermatol 44(9), 796
Pruritus
Rash (SIC)
Urticaria
(2005): Kranke B+, Dermatology 210(3), 246
Mucosal
Xerostomia (3%)
Other
Abdominal pain
Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis
Cough
Fever
Hypersensitivity
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity
Weight gain (0.5%)
LEVODOPA
Synonym: L-dopa
Trade names: Brocadopa; Dopaflex; Doparl; Eldopal;
Levodopa-Woelm; Sinemet (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Indications: Parkinsonism
Category: Dopamine precursor
Half-life: 1–3 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: kava, MAO inhibitors, phenelzine, pyridoxine, selegiline,
tranylcypromine
Sinemet is carbidopa and levodopa
Reactions
Skin
Chromhidrosis (1–10%)
Diaphoresis
(1995): Sage JI+, Ann Neurol 37, 120
Exanthems
Hypomelanosis guttata
(2001): Mocci A, Panama City, Panama (from Internet)
(observation)
Lupus erythematosus
(1985): Stratton MA, Clin Pharm 4, 657
Melanoma
(2002): Wobbes T+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146(27), 1286
(1997): Pfützner W+, JAmAcadDermatol37, 332
(1996): Kleinhans M+, Hautarzt (German) 47, 432
(1993): Weiner WJ+, Neurology 43, 674
(1992): Haider SA+, Br J Ophthalmol 76, 246
(1992): Sandyk R, Int J Neurosci 63, 137
(1989): Kande’l EI, Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr (Russian) 89, 126
(1987): Morpurgo G+, Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 23, 1213
(1985): Kochar AS, Am J Med 79, 119
(1985): Przybilla B+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 65, 556
(1985): Rampen FHJ, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48, 585
(1984): Abramson DH+, JAMA 252, 1011
(1984): Rosin MA+, Cutis 33, 572
(1982): Van Rens GH+, Ophthalmology 89, 1464
(1980): Bernstein JE+, Arch Dermatol 116, 1041
(1980): Warner TF+, JCutanPathol7, 50
Pemphigus
(1986): Pisani M+, G Ital Dermatol Venereol (Italian) 121, 39
Purpura
Rash (sic)
(1984): Goetz CG, Clin Neuropharmacol 7, 107
(1983): Goetz CG, NEnglJMed309, 1387
Urticaria
Vitiligo
(1999): Sabate M+, Ann Pharmacother 33, 1228 (with tolcapone)
Mucosal
Glossopyrosis
Leukoplakia
Sialorrhea
Xerostomia (1–10%)
Hair
Hair – alopecia
Hair – pigmentation
(1989): Reynolds NJ+, Clin Exp Dermatol 14, 317
Nails
Nails – growth
(1984): Danial CR+, JAmAcadDermatol10, 250
Other
Hot flashes
Phlebitis
LEVOFLOXACIN
Trade names: Levaquin (Ortho-McNeil); Quixin (Johnson &
Johnson)
Indications: Various infections caused by susceptible organisms
Category: Antibiotic, quinolone
Half-life: 6–8 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: zinc
Reactions
Skin
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
(2005): Corral de la Calle M+, Br J Dermatol 152(5), 1076
Diaphoresis (0.1%)
Edema (0.1%)
Erythema
(2002): Famularo G+, Ann Pharmacother 36(9), 1380
(1992): Kanzaki H+, Jpn J Antibiot (Japanese) 45, 576
Erythema multiforme
Erythema nodosum (