Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

252 GINKGO BILOBA
Mucosal
Rectal burning
Stomatitis
Eyes
Hyphema
(2002): Schneider C+, JFrOphtalmol25(7), 731
Ocular adverse effects
(2004): Fraunfelder FW, Am J Ophthalmol 138(4), 639
Other
Death
(2005): Kupiec T+, J Anal Toxicol 29(7), 755 (with valproic acid)
Phlebitis
Note: Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species in the world.
Ginkgo is the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine in Germany
GINSENG
Scientific name: Panax ginseng
Family: Araliaceae
Trade and other common names: Asian Ginseng; Asiatic
Ginseng; Chinese Ginseng; Japanese Ginseng; Jintsam; Korean
Ginseng; Korean Red; Ninjin; Red Ginseng; Ren She; Sang; Seng
Category: Immunomodulator
Purported indications and other uses: General tonic,
improving stamina, cognitive function, concentration, diuretic,
antidepressant, gastritis, neurasthenia, impotence, fever,
hangover, cancer, cardiovascular diseases
Half-life: N/A
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: alcohol, aspirin, caffeine, digoxin, olmesartan, phenelzine,
squill, tamoxifen, ticlopidine, warfarin
Reactions
Skin
Adverse effects (sic)
(2002): Ellis JM+, Ann Pharmacother 36(3), 375
(2002): Ernst E, AnnInternMed136(1), 42
(2002): Haller CA+, Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 21(3), 143
Allergic reactions (sic)
Burning (sensation)
(1999): Choi HK+, Int J Impot Res 11(5), 261
Edema
Pruritus
Stevens–Johnson syndrome
(2001): Boniel T+, Harefuah 140(8), 780
(1996): Dega H+, Lancet 313, 756
Other
Gynecomastia
(1999): Palop V+, Med Clin (Barc) 112(19), 758
Side effects (sic)
(2002): Tesch BJ, Dis Mon Oct 48(10), 671
Note: Ginseng has been used for medicinal purposes for more than
2000 years. Approximately 6,000,000 Americans use it regularly
GLATIRAMER*
Trade name: Copaxone (Teva)
Indications: Multiple sclerosis
Category: Immunomodulator
Half-life: N/A
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: Hemophilus B vaccine. None
*Note: Also known as Copolymer-1
Reactions
Skin
Acne (>2%)
Allergic reactions (sic)
Angioedema
Atrophy
Cellulitis
Cyst (2%)
Dermatitis
Diaphoresis (15%)
(2004): Munari L+, Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1), CD004678
Eczema
Edema (3%)
Erythema (4%)
Erythema nodosum
Exanthems
Facial edema (6%)
Fungal dermatitis
Furunculosis
Herpes simplex (4%)
Herpes zoster
Lupus erythematosus
Lymphocytic infiltration
(2005): Nolden S+, Mult Scler 11(2), 245
Nodular eruption (2%)
Peripheral edema (7%)
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation
Pruritus (185)
Psoriasis
Purpura
Pustules
Rash (sic) (18%)
Striae
Urticaria
Vesiculobullous eruption
Xanthomas
Xerosis
Mucosal
Gingival bleeding
Glossodynia
Oral candidiasis
Oral ulceration
Oral vesiculation (6%)
Stomatitis
Tongue edema
Tongue pigmentation
Ulcerative stomatitis
Vaginitis
Xerostomia (>2%)